Charles Lindbergh--论文代写范文精选

Charles Lindbergh There have been many great adventurers and heroes in America’s past. One of them is Charles Lindbergh. He is most famous for his transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. He faced many hardships and successes, including his flight, marriage, and his child’s kidnapping. All of his fascination with planes started when Lindbergh was just a youth. Charles was born on February 4, 1902, in the city of Detroit. At the age of eight is when he saw his first airplane, which was piloted by Lincoln Beachey. This is what started Lindbergh’s love for and interest for flight. Lindbergh then started to study World War I. He was fascinated with the flying exploits of French ace Rene Fonck, who had shot down 75 German planes in the war (WGHB, 1997). Lindbergh spent three years working on his father’s farm by the time he graduated from high school. He then enrolled as a mechanical engineering student at the University of Wisconsin. After an airplane landed on campus, Lindbergh had a great desire to fly. He quit college and became a student in Nebraska Aircraft Company, where he was taken aloft for his first flight in April, 1922.

After learning the basics of aircraft construction, he went on a cross-country tour with a seasoned barnstormer and learned to wing-talk and make exhibition parachute jumps (NAHF, 1997). Lindbergh then started to take flight. He won his first airplane and a second lieutenant’s commission in the Reserves in 1925. In the spring of 1926 he made the first airmail flight between Chicago and St. Louis. This route was very difficult and poorly marked. He was forced twice to parachute to safety from his disabled mail plane while flying the routes. There was then an extraordinary offer to pilots of the world. A Frenchman, named Raymond Orteig, offered $25,000 to the first aviator to fly non-stop from Paris to New York or New York to Paris. Orteig’s offer was only good for five years, but within those five years nobody even attempted to accomplish this offer. Orteig then extended it to another five years, and it was in 1926 that Lindbergh had said he was going to do it. Lindbergh had the confidence necessary to make this adventure. He thought, “Why shouldn’t I fly from New York to Paris' I have more than four years of aviation behind me, and close to two thousand hours in the air. I’ve barnstormed over half of the forty-eight states…why am I not qualified for such a flight'” (WGHB, 1997) He had convinced himself he was qualified for such a job. Lindbergh then had to get a plane that was made for such a flight. With $2,000 of his own money, he enlisted the aid of other business men, who hesitatingly agreed to raise another $13,000 to be a new monoplane. In San Diego, the Ryan Airlines agreed to build him a special Ryan monoplane in sixty days.

When it was finished, it was light, sturdy, and powerful. In bold letters on the airplane was “Spirit of St. Louis,” and she performed almost perfectly. “The Spirit of St. Louis” was designed with one thought in mind: to get to Paris. The maximum range of the plane was 4,000 miles, which Paris was 3,600 miles away, so he had enough to reach his destination. Since Lindbergh was going to attempt this flight alone, without either radio not parachute, so he could carry more fuel, he became known as “The Lone Star.” Lindbergh was ready for takeoff. He had to wait for a long week, though, before he left, due to storms raged over the Atlantic. The weather was reported to improve; so on the morning of May 20, 1927, Lindbergh went to Roosevelt Field, where the gas tanks were filled to the brim. The takeoff, however, was difficult, since the runway was soaked of rain. But at 7:52 A.M., Lindbergh took off and started his vast flight. Lindbergh was successful in his flight. Within thirty-three and a half hours of flying, he had covered 3,610 miles and won Orteig’s prize! Lindbergh landed safely at Le Bourget Field in Paris at 10:22 P.M. on May 21, 1927. His fame as a hero grew in the days that followed. An ecstatic crowd was waiting as he landed, cheering and shouting. This had sent on for hours. The President of France pinned the Legion of Honor upon the lapel of his borrowed suit and thousands of messages poured in upon him. Lindbergh came home to America aboard the USS Memphis, a majestic convoy of warships and aircraft escorted him up the Chesapeake and Potomac to Washington. President Coolidge welcomed him home. On March 21, 1929, President Coolidge presented him with the nation’s highest honor, the Congressional Medal of Honor. After all of the excitement, Lindbergh finally decided to settle down. In 1929, Lindbergh married Anne Morrow Lindbergh, the daughter of a diplomat. He had taught her how to fly, and they traveled the world together. Charles and Anne had their first son on June 22, 1930.

They named him Charles Augusta Lindbergh Jr. Everything seemed to be going great in Lindbergh’s life. Lindbergh’s life soon started to go downhill. On March 1, 1932, twenty-month-old baby Charlie was kidnapped at about 9:00 P.M. from his nursery on the second floor of Lindbergh’s house near Hopewell, New Jersey. At 10:00 P.M., Betty Gow, Charlie’s nurse, went into the nursery to find that he was no longer there. “…I went upstairs to the child’s nursery, opened the door, and immediately noticed the open window. A strange looking envelope lay on the sill. I looked at the crib. It was empty. I ran downstairs, grabbed my rifle, and went out into the night…” Lindbergh stated in his reactions. The “strange-looking envelope” that Lindbergh found on the window sill contained a badly written ransom note inside saying: Have 50,000$ redy 25000$ in 20$ bills 15000$ in 10$ bills and 10000$ in 5$ bills. After 2-4 days will inform you were to deliver the Mony. We warn you for making anyding public or for notify the Polise The child is in gut care. This is one of many evidence they found in the room. There were traces of mud found on the floor of the nursery. Footprints, impossible to measure, were found under the nursery window. There were neither blood stains nor any fingerprints in the nursery though. The community helped as much as possible. By 10:30 P.M. that same night, radio bulletins were announcing the story to the nation. It was on the front page of the newspapers the new day. Sightings of their baby were coming from all places, but none turned out to be true. Lindbergh started to get more ransom notes and contacts by the kidnappers. A second ransom note was received on March 6, 1932, which now demanded $70,000. Then the third ransom note was received on March 8, informing that an intermediary appointed by the Lindbergh’s would not be accepted and requesting a note in a newspaper. (Ranfranz, 2000) The following day the fourth ransom note was received, which indicated he would be acceptable as a go-between. About 8:30 P.M., on March 12, after receiving an anonymous telephone call, they received the fifth ransom note.

It was delivered by Joseph Perrone, a taxicab driver, whom received it from an unidentified stranger. It had stated that another note would be found between a stone at a vacant stand, 100 feet from an outlying subway station. The note was found as indicated. It had instructed that the doctor meet an unidentified man, who called himself “John,” at Woodlawn Cemetery, to discuss the ransom money. So they did so. “John” offered to furnish a token of the child’s identity. The token was a baby’s sleeping suit, and a seventh ransom note, both received on March 16. They had found out that the kidnapping had been planned for up to a year. Betty Gow found the infants thumb guard, worn on the time of the kidnapping, near the entrance to the estate on March 29. The following day the ninth ransom note was received threatening to increase the demand to $100,000 and to refuse a code in the newspaper columns. The tenth note, received the next day, instructed him to have the money ready for the following night. The eleventh note was received again by a taxicab driver who said he received it from an unknown man.

They found the twelfth ransom note under a stone in front of a greenhouse in New York, as instructed in the eleventh note. He had met “John” again to reduce the demand to $50,000. This was handed to “John” in exchange for the thirteenth note, containing instructions to the effect that the kidnapped child could be found on a boat named “Nellie” near Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. But the search at Martha’s Vineyard was unsuccessful for the baby. Then Lindbergh’s nightmare came true. On May 12, 1932, the body of the kidnapped baby was accidentally found, partly buried, and badly decomposed, about four and a half miles southeast of the Lindbergh’s home. (Ranfranz, 2000) After searching and searching, police finally found the kidnapper. On September 19, 1934, the police arrested Bruno Richard Hauptmann, a German-born carpenter.

Despite his pleas of innocence, Hauptmann was indicted on October 1934 for the murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. In 1935, after dealing with the kidnapping and murder of their first born son, Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh chose to flee the country. They were battling with the media and no longer had any privacy. They had moved to the English Countryside. Two years later, they moved again, this time to a tiny island off the northwest coast of France. They had returned to America in April 1939. Lindbergh’s main focus was to keep America out of the war in Europe. Most American’s shared his isolationist views. But all debate about the U.S. war policy came to an end on December 8, 1941, the day after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The U.S. was now in war. By August 1945, both Japan and Germany had been soundly defeated. Lindbergh hoped Hitler and Stalin would destroy each other and leave the rest of the world safe. Lindbergh was also an inventor of his time. He had invented an “artificial heart” between 1931 and 1935. It was for a French surgeon and biologist, named Alex Carrel, whose research was experiments in keeping organs alive outside the body.

His devise could pump the substances necessary for life throughout the tissues of an organ. Lindbergh also liked to travel and developed different interests. He became interested in cultures of people in Africa and the Philippines in the late 1960’s; he ended his years of silence and spoke out for the conservation movement. He opposed the development of supersonic transport planes because he feared the effects the planes might cause on the earth’s atmosphere. Lindbergh’s life had its downfalls, but he made a big impact on many peoples lives, and America itself. Lindbergh died on August 26, 1974, of cancer. After his death, he was buried on the beautiful grounds of the Palapala Ho’omau Church. (Ranfranz, 2000) Lindbergh’s writings included the story of his historic flight, We (1927); his autobiography, The Spirit of St. Louis (1953; Pulitzer Prize, 1954); and The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh (1970). Bibliography: Works Citied “Charles Lindbergh.” PBS Online 1997-2001 Ranfranz, Pat. “Charles Lindbergh.” Charles Lindbergh 2001 Microsoft Encarta. Lindbergh, Charles Augustus: Encarta CD-ROM, 2001 “Lindbergh, Charles Augustus” NAHF 1997 Lindbergh, Charles A., and Reeve Lindbergh. The Spirit of St. Louis. September 1, 1993. -X

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