Chemical and Bio Weapons What are chemical and biological weapons' Chemical and biological weapons are any infectious agent used intentionally to inflict harm upon individuals. These are truly instruments of war and terror. Infection is painful and potentially fatal and can cause massive casualties. Any infectious agent used to cause severe harm or death to a specific population or r

Discovery Of Penicillin DISCOVERY OF THE “MIRACLE DRUG”, PENICILLIN During World War I, a young Scottish research scientist named Alexander Fleming worked at a special wound-research laboratory in Boulogne, France, under the leadership of Sir Almroth Wright. After witnessing many soldiers die from blood poisoning, Fleming knew first hand how devastating infectious bacteria could be t

Diabetes And The Body Diabetes There are two types of diabetes: diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone, which is usually the result of damage to the pituitary gland. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by enormous amounts of urine that are produced by the body regardless of how much liqui

Fermentation Fermentation Introduction: Fermentation is any of a set of chemical reactions that split complex organic compounds into comparatively simple substances. In simpler terms, fermentation is a chemical reaction that splits organic compounds into simple substances. When fermentation occurs a compound is broken down into a new substance. CO2 (carbon dioxide) is produced by yea

Chemical Reaction And The PH Scale Chemical Reaction and The PH Scale Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. A Chemical reaction is the outcome of two or more elements together r

Virtual Reality Imagine being able to point into the sky and fly. Or perhaps walk through space and connect molecules together. These are some of the dreams that have come with the invention of virtual reality. With the introduction of computers, numerous applications have been enhanced or created. The newest technology that is being tapped is that

Adaptive And Innate Immunity Adaptive and Innate Immunity A pathogen is a disease causing agent which includes a vast amount of microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, and parasites. Antigens are agents which stimulate an immune response. Most antigens are pathogens which stimulate a strong immune response. The purpose of the innate immunity system is to keep away

Egyptian Mau The Egyptian Mau is a fascinating cat, not only because of its past history, but because of its delightful personality and striking appearance. The Mau (mau is the Egyptian word for cat) has been clearly identified in the artwork of the ancient Egyptians, leaving no question in the minds of many experts that the Egyptian Mau is indeed the cat domesticated from a spotted

Effects of Global Warming The Effects of Global Warming Global warming during the past century has been so gradual as to be nearly imperceptible. Neither does it adhere to a regular schedule or predictable pattern, which perhaps explains why doubters and nay-sayers still dispute the whole idea. Their ranks are shrinking, however, in the face of a growing body of evidence. Experts now

Einstein Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this man's work, everyone knows that its impact on the world of science is astonishing. Yes, many have heard of Albert Einstein's General Theory of relativity, but few know about the intriguing life that l

Einstein Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Bavaria, Deutschland on March 14, 1879. A year after he was born, his parets moved to München. Despite him gowing to be a geneius, as a child his parents thought him to be backwards. He was slower to learn than the average person to respond, talk, and read. These attributes caused him to be a very shy boy. Alth

Electro Magnetic Feilds Technology and the individual: How Electro-Magnetic Fields affect our lives Electricity is the building block of our society. Now more and more we are becoming dependent on electricity. From computers to microwaves, electric power is what keeps our society running. Something that no one thinks about is Electro-Magnetic Fields or (ELF’s). While these ELF’s are be

Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of six different types of waves. Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet light, X-rays and Gamma rays. The radio waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. The infrared waves are used to tell temperature of areas. Visible light is all the colors that we can

Electrophoresis I. The separation of DNA molecules according to size II. The objective of this lab was to separate DNA molecules according to size using electrophoresis and determine an unknown by plotting known DNA fragments. III. As said in the lab material, DNA molecules can be identified by their distance traveled when electrophoretically manipulated. Electrophoresis is the mo

Electrophoresis I. The separation of native proteins by electrophoresis using agarose gel as a medium II. The purpose of this experiment was to see which direction certain proteins will migrate according to net charge of protein and pH of buffer used. III. Proteins play an important role in the structure and function of all living things. Amino acids are the protein’s building blocks

Element Platinum Platinum Description Platinum is a silvery metal as resistant to corrosion and tarnishing as gold. It is almost as rare and consequently is likewise highly valued and used in jewelry. It is also used in the chemicals industry as a catalyst, in medicine as an anti-cancer drug, and in catalytic converters for car exhausts. History Ø The name Platinum comes from the

Flash Flooding In Las Vegas Torrential rains produced severe and unprecedented flash flooding across the Las Vegas valley on July 8, 1999. Much of the Las Vegas valley experienced from 35%-70% of its annual rainfall(4.13 inches) over the course of 60-90 minutes. The resulting runoff from these rains caused widespread street flooding and record flows in normally dry washes and flood con

Baking Powder Baking powder is a fine white powder used for making cakes, biscuits, and it is also used in toothpaste (World Book, 1968). Baking powder is normally made up of three different parts: an acid, a base and a filler of some sort. The uses of baking powder are numerous. The key to baking powder is its release of carbon dioxide (www.howstuffworks.com). Baking powder has had

Coral Reefs Coral reefs are arguably the world’s most beautiful habitats. Coral reefs have been called the rainforests of the oceans, because of the rich diversity of life they support. Scientists have not yet finished counting the thousands of different species of plants and animals that use or live in the coral reef. There are three types of coral reefs: fringing reefs, barrier reefs,

Coral Reef Degradation Fish are all heavier then water due to skeletons and other tissues containing heavy elements. Fish must find some way of staying buoyant in the water column, unless they are bottom feeders. A shark for example must be continually moving forward, yet they are aided in buoyancy by large livers, which contain a fatty hydrocarbon with a density less then water. Yet,

The Big Bang The Big Bang It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang

Copper, Aluminum, And Cadmium Copper, also know as CU has a atomic number of 29, and an atomic weight of 63.546. It’s melting point is 1357.62 and boiling is 2835 K Copper is a great conductor of heat and electricity. Evidence suggests that people have been using copper for at least 11,000 years. The Roman Empire obtained most of its copper from the island of Cyprus, which is where copp

Creationism Vs. Evolution Creationism vs. Evolution There is alot of controversy these days as to whether or not students should be made to study both creationism and evolutionary theory. I strongly believe that they should not. I believe that since creationism is a product of religious beliefs, it should not be taught in schools due to the U.S. Constitution clearly stating that ther

Creatine The quest for the perfect body and to be the best at performing has had people go to their limits of their physical capability. However, Science and Technology has made it possible to break these limits. Performance aids or supplements have become very popular among athletes. One such aid or supplement is Creatine. Creatine is a nutritional supplement that is designed to chem

Creation... The diversity of views concerning the relation of science and religion today can be grouped under four basic headings. The first heading is Conflict and includes proponents of a philosophy of materialism, on the one hand, and advocates of biblical literalism or creationism, on the other. The second view I call Independence because it avoids conflict by assigning science and

Crevases: Their Properties And Dangers Crevasses: Their Properties and Dangers On May 31st, 2002, a group of nine mountain climbers, trekking to the summit of Mt. Hood (11,237 ft.) fell into a crevasse. Three of the climbers were killed in the fall. The resulting rescue efforts involving an Air Force helicopter nearly turned tragic as well. The chopper, which was trying to reach the re

Cryonics The Frozen People Suzie Q, a twenty-five year old woman, is dying of AIDS. When she learned this, she heard about something called cryonic suspension. A cryonist at the hospital where she gets treatment told her how cryonics freezes people when they are pronounced dead. When the cure for AIDS is developed, she would then be revived and able to start a new life. Suzie Q decided

Crystals Introduction The purpose of my project is to see how evaporation affects the sizes of growing crystals. I am using thee different chemicals. I add water to each chemical and mix it into a solution. Then I pour half of each solution into separate petri dishes and boil away each of those solutions. The other half of each solution is also poured into separate petri dishes. I am

Cystic Fibrosis Chaperones can correct protein misfolding, scientists say, but therapy is years away To do its job, whether it is an enzyme, ion channel, or structural molecule, a protein must fold into a very specific shape--its conformation. For this reason, mutations that change how a protein folds can have profound health effects, causing either a loss of function as in cystic fibros

Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis What is Cystic Fibrosis' Many sources describe it as an autosomal recessive trait of the 7th chromosome. It mainly affects the lungs and digestive system. This disease affects the chloride transport resulting in abnormal mucus production. In this disease, the abnormal chloride channels in some tissues causes water to be drawn into the cells from i