Who_Are_the_Patients

Cosmetic Surgery: Who are the patients Bobos Axia College of University of Phoenix Who are the Patients Are you aware that there is a possible risk of patients (men and teenagers) undergoing plastic surgery can die from malignant hyperthermia; a rare reaction to anesthesia, as a result of a rare genetic anomaly that causes the uncontrolled overheating of the body' Regardless of this; today more men and teenagers are acquiring plastic and cosmetic surgery. Throughout the past, cosmetic surgery was only performed on patients to correct abnormalities. Cosmetic surgery is also performed on patients disfigured by accidents, tumors, burns, and birth defects. According to Devore, S (1989), cosmetic surgery; in most instances, involves changing what’s normal so that it will look more attractive (para. 4). In 1988 statistics have shown that 1.1 million reconstructive surgeries were performed by board-certified plastic surgeons in the United States. Additionally, age, and appearance is one of the contributing factors of why more men are getting cosmetic surgeries, this year, at least 600,000 men, women and teenagers will have Rhinoplasty or otherwise known as “nose job” That is one of the most popular seek out procedures along with “tummy tucks,” facelifts (rhytidoplasty), consequently it helps boost confidents and increase self confidents amongst men and women. According to Grogran, S and Trujillo, N (1999) “studies have shown the hyper visibility of men in the media has generated concerns regarding the health, self-esteem and body image of young men and boys. Men are presented with image; that pressure them to look a certain way and have a particular body shape and size” (p. 109). In the same way, cosmetic surgery can help to increase the self-esteem of some teenagers dealing with self-consciousness. Moreover, men and teenagers get cosmetic surgery for different reasons; some get it for personal reasons, and some for professional reasons. Usually men in professional jobs like Television anchor and celebrities constantly in the public’s eye do it, to make their appearance more appealing to the public. “Evidence suggests that low self-esteem and feeling judged on one’s physical appearance may lead individuals to consider cosmetic surgery” (Davis, K and Sullivan, D. 2001, p.110). In the past, men opting for elective surgery have cited reason such as delaying the aging process, and working on their appearance, and increasing their self-confidence. Also “research has identified a number of cases where women and teenagers have felt negatively judge by other, and that others dislike them, due to their weight, body, or features” (Averett, S and Sanders, K (1996, p. 110). Furthermore, teenagers to are willing to go under the knife to alter physical their appearance, instead of diet and exercising; they prefer liposuctions, and “ tummy tucks” and totally transform their bodies into the perfectly skinny models we see on our television set, or on the front covers of magazines. This is why more men and teenagers are getting cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is no longer popular among celebrities only, or embraced by people raised in the culture of celebrity obsession, makeover television shows, and quest to look like a Hollywood star “people of all ages and different backgrounds are getting cosmetic surgery; teenagers as young as 14 years old are approaching doctors for procedures like, nose jobs liposuctions, and boob jobs” (Irvine, E and Genevieve, H 2010, para. 2). One of the reasons teenagers in general are fascinated with cosmetic surgery is that most actresses are already beautiful, and then they get surgery to be more perfect. Additionally, their pictures are enhanced to make them look even more beautiful. Then real people -including teens -see these women and these photos and feel terrible because they can’t possibly measure up. As a result, they get cosmetic surgery, and other ‘real people’ feel badly about their imperfections (Cassidy, S. 2010, para. 15). A recent Survey of more than 1,000 girls in the United States ages 8 to 17 sponsored by the Dove Self-Esteem Fund, which has a partnership with the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A linked to Dove Campaign for real beauty, a program aimed at changing narrow cultural definitions of beauty showed that 7 in 10 girls surveyed believed that, when it comes to issues including beauty, and body image they did not “measure up.” Only 10 percent found themselves to be “pretty enough” it is clear there is an epidemic of low self-esteem among teenage girls (Sweeney, C. 2009, para.12). According to Zuckerman, a psychologist who worked as a senior policy advisor for former first lady Hilary Rodham Clinton said “teen are vulnerable to peer pressure and virtually all teen feel self-conscious. There desire to fix every imperfection is one that will outgrow – if giving the chance to do that.” Moreover, she said, “teens are unfortunately, not usually capable of thinking ahead to the consequences,” for example, a nose made smaller can’t usually be made larger again. In the same way studies have shown that nearly 2,400 boys 18 and older had surgery in 2008 to treat gynecomastia, usually enlarge mammary glands (breasts). This is according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS). This is one of the reasons men is getting plastic surgery because most men with these defects are self-conscious and have a low self esteem. For example, this is why most men don’t like to take their shirts off at the beach. They are usually worried about what other people thing of them, and furthermore, it does not look very attractive. Additionally society and culture plays a huge role on who the patients are' According to Bourdieu, P (1984), the body reflects social class by situating one’s social status, reflecting one’s degree of sophistication and the formation of one’s habitus. Most people care and worries about how they look, and what people perspective and manners of being. Thus how people choose to present themselves and their bodies is really determine by one’s choice. More men and teenagers today find cosmetic surgery to be perfectly find with society and the American culture, years ago people are less open to revealing whether they have a procedure or not. Nowadays, it’s almost a show of class in which one fits in. For instance, breast implants and liposuctions are now bestowed by parents as graduation or birthday gifts. Some teenagers are escorted to the doctors’ office by their parents to have procedures like breast augmentations at the same time. Today’s society men and women are not so shy to show off their new bodies after successfully having a procedure done. Today men and teenagers are willing to go through the rigors of grooming–waxing, plucking, body training and skin care regimens that was once the province of adults–add cosmetic surgery, which is fast becoming a mainstream option among teenagers and men, with this popularity some experts are concerned that the underlying motivation for many of this young teenagers, and men seeking surgery–namely, self-esteem–is being disregarded in the drive to look “normal” (Sweeney, C. 2009, para. 4). Most men are motivated by profession and the cultural climate they are surrounded by. Furthermore, studies have shown that men with lower self confidence were more likely than men with higher self-confidence to feel that others consider them lazy because of their appearance. Similarly, men lower in self-esteem believe that their appearance decreased their self-confidence. This negative trend may be related to the hyper visibility of men in the media. Men are increasingly depicted and praised in the media for their appearance (Featherstone 1991, Gill et al. 2005. Simpson, 1991); this constant bombardment with images of unachievable yet idealized masculine embodiment may led to men feel their own physical appearance is insufficient. The growing quest for Cosmetic surgery, and the skyrocketing trend of more men and teenagers seeking cosmetic surgery, The need to check doctor’s medical credential is paramount. One of the most important steps a person can ever take in preparation to having a procedure. The American Academy of Facial Plastics and Reconstruction Surgery recommends “ that persons interested in cosmetic surgery consult at least three of the 5,000 to 6,000 board-certified cosmetic surgeons in the country before making any decision.” References Alex Kuczynski.  (2007, June 14). A Sense of Anxiety A Shirt Won't Cover. New York Times   (Late Edition (east Coast)),  p. G.1.  Retrieved April 25, 2010, from Banking Information Source. (Document ID: 1287952241). Camille Sweeney.  (2009, January 15). Seeking Self-Esteem through Surgery :[Style Desk]. New York Times  (Late Edition (east Coast)),  p. E.3.  Retrieved May 15, 2010, from Banking Information Source. (Document ID: 1626837201). DeVore, Sheryl.  (1989, December). Plastic Surgery: Reshaping Lives. Current Health 2, 16(4), 20.  Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 1612279). Ellen Irvine & Genevieve Helliwell. (2010, March 6). IN SEARCH OF PERFECTION Teenagers go under knife for beauty. Bay of Plenty Times,A.1.  Retrieved April 25, 2010, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 1977308361). Suzanne Cassidy.  (2010, January 24). Teens, Young Adults Cut Into Cosmetic-Surgery Statistics: Defining Beauty Breast Wishes Parental Pressure' For The Sport Of It Males Do It, Too. Sunday News,G.1.  Retrieved April 25, 2010, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Documen ID: 1946515901).