Unit_201,_1.1_Stages_of_Development

Unit 201 1.1 Developmental Milestones | Age | Physical | Communication and intellectual | Vision and hearing | Social, Emotional and behavioural | 4–6 weeks | When held upright, holds head erect and steady | | | Smiles at parent | 6–8 weeks | When prone, lifts self by arms; rolls from side to back. | Vocalises; Cooes (makes vowel-like noises) or babbles. | Focuses on objects as well as adults | | 12–20 weeks | | | Hand regard: following the hand with the eyes.. Colour vision adult-like. | Serves to practice emerging visual skills. Also observed in blind children. | 3 months | Prone: head held up for prolonged periods. No grasp reflex | Makes vowel noises | Follows dangling toy from side to side. Turns head round to sound. Follows adults' gaze (joint attention). Sensitivity to binocular cues emerges. | Squeals with delight appropriately. Discriminates smile. Smiles often. Laughs at simple things. | 5 months | Holds head steady. Goes for objects and gets them. Objects taken to mouth | Enjoys vocal play; | | | 6 months | Transfers objects from one hand to the other. Pulls self-up to sit and sits erect with supports. Rolls over prone to supine. Palmar grasp of cube | Double syllable sounds such as 'mumum' and 'dada'; babbles (consonant-vowel combinations) | Localises sound 45 cm lateral to either ear. Visual acuity adult-like (20/20). Sensitivity to pictorial depth cues (those used by artists to indicate depth) emerges. | May show 'stranger shyness' | 9–10 months | Wiggles and crawls. Sits unsupported. Picks up objects with pincer grasp | Babbles tunefully | Looks for toys dropped | Apprehensive about strangers | 1 year | Stands holding furniture. Stands alone for a second or two, then collapses with a bump | Babbles 2 or 3 words repeatedly | Drops toys, and watches where they go | Cooperates with dressing, waves goodbye, understands simple commands | 18 months | Can walk alone. Picks up toy without falling over. Gets up/down stairs holding onto rail. Begins to jump with both feet. Can build a tower of 3 or 4 cubes and throw a ball | 'Jargon'. Many intelligible words | | Demands constant mothering. Drinks from a cup with both hands. Feeds self with a spoon. Most children with autism are diagnosed at this age. | 2 years | Able to run. Walks up and down stairs 2 feet perstep. Builds tower of 6 cubes | Joins 2–3 words in sentences | | Parallel play. Dry by day | 3 years | Goes up stairs 1-foot per step and downstairs 2 feet per step. Copies circle, imitates cross and draws man on request. Builds tower of 9 cubes | Constantly asks questions. Speaks in sentences. | | Cooperative play. Undresses with assistance. Imaginary companions | 4 years | Goes down stairs one foot per step, skips on one foot. Imitates gate with cubes, copies a cross | Questioning at its height. Many infantile substitutions in speech | | Dresses and undresses with assistance. Attends to own toilet needs | 4-7 years | Ride a bike or scooter, kick a ball, skip, hold a pencil and use scissors, colour in, know left from right. Know numbers and letters | Ask questions, use past and future tense, get adult approval, use phonics, write a sentence, have knowledge of the world. Fluent speech. | | Know own identity, play with others, use imagination in play, know boundaries, help out adults and other children, have respect for others, share and have manners. | 7-12 years | Refine fine and gross motor skills, have hobbies and interest including team sports and music. Girls start puberty. The child will be gaining strength. | Refine reading and writing skills, independence, progression from primary to secondary education | | Overcoming peer pressure can solve problems themselves, have a sense of identity. | 12-16 years | Girls coming out of puberty and boys starting. Growing stronger, boys generally getting taller. Keyboard skills, basic cooking and learning personal hygiene | Make decisions and able to plan for the future, communicating through technology. Taking exams and making deadlines. Vocabulary 10,000 by 16 years. | | Insecurity, hormonal, frustration, very self-aware and an importance in friendships. Team working and problem solving. Empathy. | 16-19 years | Girls be fully developed and boys still in puberty. Look at own physique and personal hygiene. Sexually active and aware. Trying other sports both team and individual. Driving. | Fashion conscious, more self-confidence, awareness of bulimia and anorexia. Making lasting relationships and strong sense of identity. | | Expanse of curriculum, know future plans, further education. Totally independent. First job. Diverse friendships. |