Unethical_Research

ANDREWS UNIVERSITY AFFILIATED AND EXTENSION PROGRAMS UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN P.O. BOX 175, PORT OF SPAIN Unethical Research An Assignment Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Course Research Methods 2 INSTRUCTOR: Mrs. Jamie Bristol By sexy baby 22 21.02.2013 Approval…………………………... The Columbia Enclyclopedia says that Ethical research pertains to dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. Ethics is suppose play a vital role in the collating of research as it vital that research undertaken is done with the best of intentions, in an honest and trusting manner so as to get the correct facts and conclusions from the research done. Dr Nancy Walton, Ph.D. said that research that involves human subjects or participants raises unique and complex ethical, legal, social and political issues, she believes that research ethics is specifically interested in the analysis of ethical issues that are raised when people are involved as participants in research. Research should be studied in good faith that the researchers has to be ethical in the way they conducted the study, that they used factual information and do not try to fabricate the truth or hide anything in coming to their conclusion. This is the only way the research can then be trusted as being as accurate as possible. Researcher say that unethical psychological research has, for the most part, stopped. But in earlier times psychologist and doctors played and interfered with the minds of many less fortunate people, many times psychologists experimented with the human mind in some unethical ways doctors also experimented with the bodies of Jews and black slaves causing him to their bodies even at times death.. Examples of this include the use of LSD for governmental use. Before the drug became popular with the counterculture, government experiments were done on military men to test the effects of the drug to see if it could be used as a weapon. The drug altered the mind so much, many of the original users were never the same. For this paper I would be talking about the monster Study that interfered with the speak of orphans. The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa, in 1939 conducted by Wendell Johnson and his student Mary Tudor at the University of Iowa. Johnson did not discose to the teachers of the orphans what the expierement was really about He instead mislead them to believe that they were help the orphans in vocabulary development . The experiment was carried out by placing the children in control and experimental groups, Tudor gave positive speech therapy to half of the children, praising the fluency of their speech, this was done to raise the confidents of the students improving there speech and negative speech therapy to the other half, insulting the children for every speech imperfection and telling them they were stutterers. After this experiment was over many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects and some Remained with speech problems during the course of their life. The Study was named the monster study when Johnson's friend found out what he did because they thought he had used the innocent children for his own selfish research .The university itself was so ashamed of this experiment it wasn’t made public until 60 years after where the university had to apologise the unethical research. The Research was unethical because it lacks very important components in ethical research. Firstly each party should agree to participate. In ethical research, test subjects agree to be involved in the experimentation process. In the case of the orphans I don’t believe that the orphanage Management team would of allowed Dr. Johnson to do this experiment if he was truthful, , therefore he chose to be deceptive and to disguise the true nature of the research because the orphan teachers where lead to believe that the children were being helped not exploited. In unethical research, participants either have no knowledge that they're test subjects or they're forced to participate against their will. This was seen in this experiment. Dr Fredric said her social work skills book that in ethical research test subjects are suppose to be given detailed information regarding the specificity of the research in which they have chosen to participate. In this case the Orphans didn’t know what was happening to them they did not have informed consent. In ethical research also participant are made aware of the possible harm and side effects involved with participating in the study and have given permission to proceed. The essence of the study was not divulge to the Orphanage Teachers and management team. They had no idea or o knowledge of possible hazards or risks that was going to befall them , The doctors did not inform them the Children who were belittled about their speak would for years suffer from psychological disorders and some would remain with speech problems throughout remainder of there life. They instead they brought permanent harm to many of the orphans who lived normal life with proper speech before. In ethical research, precautions are taken to ensure that the health of the test subject isn't compromised. Nancy Walton in her book Ethics and Guidelines for Protection of Human said that “Researchers don't exceed dosage requirements, cross pain thresholds or knowingly allow a disease or condition to persist without administering treatment”. Theses regards were not taken in the research experiment done on the orphans there were no safety measures to protect the psychological wellbeing of the orphans who were belittled. In the late 1900 many of the then orphans then sued the University cause many of them were not able to live normal lives because of their speech deprivation, some or being hired to work. There self esteem was lessened and they were tortured throughout their life. Albert Camus a French novelist once said that a man without Ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world. A beast destroys the innocent life of it prey and the researcher in this experiment preyed on the life of the orphans by psychologically abusing them and making then a spectacle to society. References Babbie, E. The Basics of Social Research. Wdsworth. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000.. (1/21/01). Gamma Globulin http ://www.bartleby. com The Belmont Report. (3/11/01). N, Walton Ethical Principals and Guildlines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. http://ohrp.osophs.dhhs.gov Reamer, G. Frederic. (1998). Social Work Research and Evaluation Skills: A Case-Based. User-FriendlY Approach. Columbia University Press, New York.