Things

Final Exam Review Guide   Our final exam for World History will be held in Wenger Gym (KW Campus) on Monday, June 7, from 1:30-3:30.  All you will need to bring to the exam are several pencils and pens (you will need a pencil for the Scantron portion of the test).  You may not bring any other items into the test area—no notes or other materials of any kind will be allowed.  If you attempt to use such materials while taking the test (or are found copying from someone else’s exam), you will receive a zero on the exam.  Your exam will be worth 20% of your grade for the semester. Format:  The exam will consist of:  Part I: 50 multiple-choice questions (1 point each), drawn comprehensively from material covered in the spring semester.  Part II: one essay (50 points total), which will be taken from a prepared list of two. Advice: Study all of your materials for the spring semester: notes, handouts, quizzes, and exams.  Starting from Unit 3A and working your way up to Unit 4C would probably make the most sense, especially since the earlier material will be the hardest to remember and thus may take more time for you to process effectively. Don’t wait until Sunday night to start studying intensively for this exam.  You will prepare much more effectively if you study some of the material each day (starting now!) than if you wait until the last day to cram. The smartest approach will involve preparing an outline for each of the essay questions, so that you can be ready to provide a cohesive and well-argued essay for the exam. Once you’ve gone through the effort required to produce thorough outlines for these questions, you will find that you’ll remember much more of the information when you review your outlines the day before the test.   Essay Questions: During the 18th and 19th centuries, the European Enlightenment brought forth hopes for a new society based on progress, reason, equality, toleration, liberty, freedom, human rights and universal peace.  Each of the Enlightenment thinkers appealed to the concept that all human beings were rational and that the world they lived in could be changed, through their actions, for the better.  The 20th century represents something of step backward in this sense: political, social, economic and religious conflict raged, while world war, collapse, anxiety, despair, uncertainty, death, and destruction impacted the lives of Europeans.  With the rise of totalitarianism, fascism, communism, racism, and nationalism, the nations of Europe failed to create a perfect society where human beings found happiness and fulfillment. Now that you have read the chapters covering the modern period, you should be able to place the historical circumstances of the past few centuries into perspective.  Is the 21st century doomed to repeat many of the same mistakes of the 20th century'  Or is the 21st century the dawn of a new era in which many of the positive Enlightenment ideals will finally come to fruition'  In your discussion, it is important to consider what you consider to be real historical progress, what defines modernity, and how countries come to be understood as truly advanced and civilized.  It might help to read the chapter entitled "The New Millennium" in your textbook to obtain ideas about how to put these historical themes, concepts and circumstances into perspective.      On your exam, you will be asked to focus on one of the following topics:   1)   Address the aforementioned questions by focusing on the economic and/or social changes (*especially with respect to the problem of poverty*) that have taken place over the past few centuries.  Select from at least two of the following historical contexts/concepts. --European colonialism and imperialism in Africa from 17th century through 20th century --capitalism vs. communism from 19th century theories through 20th century Cold War --the development of class conflict and struggle from 18th century through 20th century (ie. social orders in French Revolution, revolts of 1848, rise of working class movements, 20th century responses to class issues, etc.) --role of government in economy from Enlightenment through World War II era (ie. “laissez-faire”, “total war”, “pump-priming”, Soviet and Nazi “Plans”, etc.) 
2)   Address the aforementioned questions by focusing on the political and/or cultural changes (*with an emphasis on the idea of progress*) that have taken place over the past few centuries.  Select from at least two of the following historical contexts/concepts. --changes in European nationalism from 1789-1960 --impacts of World War I and World II on Europe --rise of fascism and totalitarianism in 20th century (Germany, Italy, Russia) vs. values of “western democracies” (U.S., Great Britain, France) --role of racial, cultural and religious toleration, 16th-20th centuries (ie. Reformation, Enlightenment, imperialism/colonialism in Africa, Nazi Germany, etc.)    Multiple Choice Topics: --religious and political conditions prior to the Reformation

--three major reformers/movements within the Reformation

--significant outcomes of the Reformation

--conditions necessary for large-scale industrial production --reason for changes in late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century production --putting out system vs. factory system --two phases of industrial revolution

*--scientific method, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, empirical method  --Enlightenment economic views: Smith vs. the conservatives *--optimism, rationality, secularism, perfectibility, morality, tradition, scientific and religious views

*--common values of Enlightenment philosophes  --the impact of Locke and Newton on Enlightenment ideas *--Montesquieu and Voltaire on political theory --causes of the French Revolution of 1789

--four major phases of the French Revolution  --Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

--three estates of French society --Civil Constitution of the Clergy --Jacobins, the Terror and the Committee of Public Safety --reaction and the Directory --Napoleonic Settlement / pros & cons of Napoleon --Vienna Settlement --Robespierre, political virtue, violence and terror --early 19th century as the age of ideological conflict --moderate conservatism vs. radical conservatism --changes in nationalism during the 19th century --aspects and changes of national consolidation/unification after 1850 (Russia, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary) --causes of WWI --alliances of WWI --Wilson's Fourteen Points/”peace without victors” --consequences/outcomes of WWI --economic changes / emergence of varying perspectives after WWI --major characteristics of totalitarianism/fascism --political/economic condition of Germany in 1920s --events/civil war leading up to October Revolution in Russia --Stalinist political and economic policies (Five Year Plans, Great Purges, etc.) --rise of Nazi party in Germany and Hitler's consolidation of power --German anti-semitism/Nuremberg Laws --conditions prior to WWII/causes of WWII --Hitler's territorial aggressions and march to war/European response *--the Marshall Plan/Truman Doctrine *--Yalta Conference/post-WWII issues of conflict between U.S. and Soviet Russia/spheres of influence *--three major aspects of European informal empire/colonialism, 15th-19th centuries

*--three major aspects of European formal empire/imperialism, 19th-20th centuries

*--four significant causes of the "Scramble for Africa" in the 1880s