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2.1) Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. Children’s development can be affected in many different ways, they could be suffering with poor health or a form of physical disability/ impairment, and this will affect their physical development but also their personal skills, life skills and social skills. If a child is unable to interact with other child due to the disability/ impairment they will not learn how to be social, they won’t know how to interact with other children. Children how find it hard at this early stage will struggle in later life. Also a child that is struggling with learning difficulties may also struggle with these simple skills, these children should be encourage to take part in class actives to build their confidence. Family Status Naturally parents will want to see their children do well. Sometimes though in an effort to keep their children safe parents inadvertently hold their children back from exploring the world around them, lessening their chances to learn and progress. While it is understandable to want to shelter children from harm, parents who are over protective can sometimes limit their child’s potential. Ideally children should be given increasing amounts of freedom as they grow older and mature, allowing them to gradually learn new things and meet new people which in turn increases their physical, emotional and social development. However there are many examples of the kind of influences that affect children and young people’s development, parents going through a marriage breakdown, separation and divorce proceedatustings can be very traumatic for a child. Children of one parent families may suffer as a single parent may not work or conversely work long hours, leaving the child with little support and open to bullying. Children may become part of a step family, where new partners may have children of their own from a previous relationship. This could lead to conflict or friction between the children and unhappiness for the child being picked on, leading to low self-esteem, lack of confidence in their own abilities. To a child a step family would be a problem because they will be just getting to know this new step parent and the child may become insecure due to them thinking that this step parent is trying to replace their real parent. Parents try to teach their children values and skills also including their beliefs for later on in life this would be the difference between right and wrong, the use of bad/foul language and the correct way to behave etc. * During   pregnancy-:   If the mother smokes ,takes drugs, becomes ill or suffers from stress or anxiety this can result in premature birth and health problems for the baby such as -: low birth weight, undeveloped organs, problems with sight and hearing. These are all problems that could delay their development. Some children are born with conditions that could affect their development such as a blood disorder. Health status Health problems can be genetic or caused by the environment the child grows up in. If the child lives in poor quality houses with damp this could trigger asthma and other breathing problems .Poor diet could affect their development. Children with heath problems may miss time out of Preschool this would affect their social development such as making friends. Physical development would also be effected if a child feels unwell or restricted and are unable to join in. Proper nutrition can have a direct impact on a child's development both physically and psychologically. Well balanced nutrition is related to functional outcomes for children as they get older; unhealthy eating can lead to weight gain and other negative effects if the child does not learn how to eat healthy early in life. The factors of health are good health which is a healthy balanced diet which will ensure the growth and development. A large intake food can lead to obesity and a small quantity of food can lead to anorexia these will both affect the growth and development of the human body. If a child not eating properly and inherited disease can have huge effects on the body’s growth and development. Being ill all the time will have huge effects on children later in life as they will be missing a lot of school and therefore all the areas of development are affected, through missing school children will miss opportunities to learn, develop and build on skills that maybe useful later on. Young children and toddlers are especially sensitive to the effects of second-hand smoke, due to the fact that their bodies are still growing and developing and they breathe faster than adults and therefore may inhale more smoke. These children are usually absent from school more often than children who grow up in a smoke-free home and some studies have even suggested that children who are exposed to passive smoking are more likely to have behavioural problems and that they may not develop mentally as quickly as other children. Physical disabilities Can put a child at a disadvantage in many ways.e.g.If a child had restricted movements they may find it difficult to join in with things such as sport, putting building blocks together manipulating materials, etc. Sensory Impairment Visual or hearing. If a child has a hearing problem this would influence their development, it could affect their speech and communication and may make them feel they are unable to join in with other children’s games if they can’t communicate properly with them. Visual impairment can also influence a Childs development they are unable to watch and learn from what others are doing. They may have difficulty learning their way around new environments such as a new preschool. As each area of learning is co-dependent on others a child with a disability could have delays in all areas of learning so would need support in all areas to help them minimise delayed motor skills, lack of stimulation, inadequate awareness of communication, reduce hearing, frequent moving or changes in environment, exposure to many different languages and high anxiety. For visually impaired children, the process of adapting to society will differ from that of normally sighted children. Many social clues take the form of body language and therefore require vision in order to be understood, so may be only partially or not at all accessible. Congenitally blind children are not aware of the reactions from others to their own body language unless they are specifically taught. Partially sighted children who have behavioural adaptations to make their sight more functional may communicate body language that implies feelings that they are not actually experiencing. Auditory memory skills may play a different role in language development which may lead to a skewed perception of the ability to use language in comparison to sighted children. Verbal reasoning skills appear to lag behind auditory memory skills that can cause problems when having to change topics quickly or when incorporating broader meanings of a word, particularly in social situations. Learning difficulties Children or young people who have a general learning disability are aware of what goes on around them. However, their ability to understand and communicate may be limited, and they can find it hard to express themselves. Speech problems can make it even harder to make other people understand their feelings and needs. They can become frustrated and upset by their own limitations. When they compare themselves to other children, they can feel sad or angry and think badly of themselves.