Site_Inverstigation_Bullet_Points

SiTE INVESTIGATION NOTES – CONTENTS The notes formed a chapter in a book about tunnels and thus comments and examples relate more to tunnels than to other forms of construction but can be applied to these. Highlighted in red are those sections that relate directly to the lectures given and these provide more background and detail to the powerpoint slides. The aim here is to provide background information not readily available in books and full references should anyone wish to look up elements in greater detail. Section | Sub-heading | Title | Page | 1.0 | | Introduction | 1 | | 1.1 | Aims and Structures of Site Investigation | 1 | | 1.2 | Ground Hazards | 3 | | 1.2.1 | New Construction: Tunnels example | 5 | | 1.2.2 | New Construction: Cut and Cover Example | 8 | | 1.3 | Managing the Risk | 8 | 2.0 | | Preliminary Sources Survey (the Desk Study) | 9 | | 2.1 | Introduction | 9 | | 2.2 | Sources of Information | 11 | | 2.3 | Site Inspection Survey | 12 | | 2.4 | Preliminary Sources Survey Report | 13 | 3.0 | | Main Ground Investigation | 14 | | 3.1 | Planning the Exploration: Borehole/Pit/Probe Location and Depth | 14 | | 3.2 | Methods of Exploration | 16 | | 3.2.1 | Boreholes | 16 | | 3.2.2 | Trial Pits and Probes | 21 | | 3.3 | Geophysical Explorations | 22 | | 3.3.1 | Background | 22 | | 3.3.2 | Planning a Geophysical Survey | 26 | | 3.4 | Sampling and Quality | 27 | | 3.4.1 | Purpose and Type of Sampler | 27 | | 3.4.2 | Sample Quality and Disturbance | 27 | | 3.4.3 | Representative Samples | 31 | | 3.4.4 | Sampling and Engineering Practice | 32 | 3.5 | | In-situ Testing | 33 | | 3.5.1 | Standard Penetration test | 33 | | 3.5.2 | Permeability Testing | 34 | | 3.5.2.1 | Raising or Falling Head tests | | | 3.5.2.2 | Constant Head Tests | | | 3.5.2.3 | Packer Tests | | | 3.5.3 | Static Probing, Cone Penetration test (CPT) | 35 | | 3.5.4 | Dynamic Probing | 35 | 3.6 | | Groundwater | 36 | | 3.6.1 | Groundwater Observations in Boreholes | 36 | | 3.6.2 | Piezometers | 37 | | 3.6.3 | Standpipes | 37 | | 3.6.4 | Standpipe Piezometers | 38 | 3.7 | | Laboratory Testing | 38 | | 3.7.1 | Classification and Index Tests | 39 | | 3.7.1.1 | Plastic and Liquid Limits | 39 | | 3.7.1.2 | Particle Size Distribution | 39 | | 3.7.2 | Geotechnical Parameter Tests | 40 | | 3.7.2.1 | Strength Tests | 40 | | 3.7.2.2 | Undrained Tests | 40 | | 3.7.2.3 | Effective Stress Tests | 41 | | 3.7.2.4 | Oedometer Tests | 42 | | 3.7.2.5 | Permeability Tests | 42 | | 3.7.2.6 | Soil Chemical Tests | 42 | 4.0 | | Construction Investigations: Records and Feedback | 43 | 5.0 | | Geotechnical Reports | 43 | 6.0 | | References | 47-50 |