Russian_Revolution_Timelione

Chronology of events leading to the Revolution of 1917 Dates are correct for the Julian calendar, which was used in Russia until 1918. It was twelve days behind the Gregorian calendar during the 19th century and thirteen days behind it during the 20th century. Date(s) Event(s) 1855 Start of reign of Tsar Alexander II. 1861 Emancipation of the serfs. 1874–81 Growing anti-government terrorist movement and government reaction. 1881 Alexander II assassinated by revolutionaries; succeeded by Alexander III. 1883 First Russian Marxist group formed. 1894 Start of reign of Nicholas II. 1898 First Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). 1900 Foundation of Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR). 1903 Second Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Beginning of split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. 1904–5 Russo-Japanese War; Russia loses war. 1905 Russian Revolution of 1905. • January: Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg. • June: Battleship Potemkin uprising at Odessa on the Black Sea (see movie The Battleship Potemkin). • October: general strike, Saint Petersburg Soviet formed; October Manifesto: Imperial agreement on elections to the State Duma. 1906 First State Duma. Prime Minister: Petr Stolypin. Agrarian reforms begin. 1907 Second State Duma, February–June. 1907 Third State Duma, until 1912. 1911 Stolypin assassinated. 1912 Fourth State Duma, until 1917. Bolshevik/Menshevik split final. 1914 Germany declares war on Russia. 1915 Serious defeats, Nicholas II declares himself Commander in Chief. 1916 Food and fuel shortages and high prices. Progressive Bloc formed. 1917 Strikes, mutinies, street demonstrations lead to the fall of autocracy. Timeline 1914–1916 1914 • 30 July: The All Russian Zemstvo Union for the Relief of Sick and Wounded Soldiers is created with Lvov as president. • August–November: Russia suffers heavy defeats and a large shortage of supplies, including food and munitions, but holds onto Austrian Galicia. • 3 August: Germany declares war on Russia, causing a brief sense of patriotic union amongst the Russian nation and a downturn in striking. • 18 August: St. Petersburg is renamed Petrograd as 'Germanic' names are changed to sound more Russian, and hence more patriotic. • 5 November: Bolshevik members of the Duma are arrested; they are later tried and exiled to Siberia. 1915 • 19 February: Great Britain and France accept Russia's claims to Istanbul and other Turkish lands. • 5 June: Strikers shot at in Kostromá; casualties. • 9 July: The Great Retreat begins, as Russian forces pull back out of Galicia and Russian Poland into Russia proper. • 9 August: The Duma's bourgeois parties form the 'Progressive bloc' to push for better government and reform; includes the Kadets, Octobrist groups and Nationalists. • 10 August: Strikers shot at in Ivánovo-Voznesénsk; casualties. • 17 August-19th: Strikers in Petrograd protest at the deaths in Ivánovo-Voznesénsk. • 23 August: Reacting to war failures and a hostile Duma, the Tsar takes over as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, prorogues the Duma and moves to military headquarters at Mogilev. Central government begins to seize up. 1916 • January–December: Despite successes in the Brusilov offensive, the Russian war effort is still characterised by shortages, poor command, death and desertion. Away from the front, the conflict causes starvation, inflation and a torrent of refugees. Both soldiers and civilians blame the incompetence of the Tsar and his government. • 6 February: Duma reconvened. • 29 February: After a month of strikes at the Putílov Factory, the government conscripts the workers and takes charge of production. Protest strikes follow. • 20 June: Duma prorogued. • October: Troops from 181st Regiment help striking Russkii Renault workers fight against the Police. • 1 November: Miliukov gives his 'Is this stupidity or treason'' speech in reconvened Duma. • 29 December: Rasputin is killed by Prince Yusupov. • 30 December: The Tsar is warned that his army will not support him against a revolution. Expanded chronology of events during the Revolution of 1917 Gregorian Date Julian Date Event January Strikes and unrest in Petrograd. February February Revolution. 8 March 23 February International Women's Day: strikes and demonstrations in Petrograd, growing over the next few days. 11 March 26 February 50 demonstrators killed in Znamenskaya Square Tsar Nicholas II prorogues the State Duma and orders commander of Petrograd military district to suppress disorders with force. 12 March 27 February * Troops refuse to fire on demonstrators, deserters. Prisons, courts, and police bumbs attacked and looted by angry crowds. • Okhrana buildings set on fire. Garrison joins revolutionaries. • Petrograd Soviet formed. • Formation of Provisional Committee of the Duma by liberals from Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets). 14 March 1 March Order No.1 of the Petrograd Soviet. 15 March 2 March Nicholas II abdicates. Provisional Government formed under Prime Minister Prince Lvov. 16 April 3 April Return of Lenin to Russia. He publishes his April Theses. 3–4 May 20–21 April "April Days": mass demonstrations by workers, soldiers, and others in the streets of Petrograd and Moscow triggered by the publication of the Foreign Minister Miliukov's note to the allies, which was interpreted as affirming commitment to the war policies of the old government. First Provisional Government falls. 18 May 5 May First Coalition Government forms when socialists, representatives of the Soviet leadership, agree to enter the cabinet of the Provisional Government. Alexander Kerensky, the only socialist already in the government, made minister of war and navy. 16 June 3 June First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies opens in Petrograd. Closed on 24 June. Elects Central Executive Committee of Soviets (VTsIK), headed by Mensheviks and SRs. 23 June 10 June Planned Bolshevik demonstration in Petrograd banned by the Soviet. 29 June 16 June Kerensky orders offensive against Austro-Hungarian forces. Initial success only. 1 July 18 June Official Soviet demonstration in Petrograd for unity is unexpectedly dominated by Bolshevik slogans: "Down with the Ten Capitalist Ministers", "All Power to the Soviets". 15 July 2 July Russian offensive ends. Trotsky joins Bolsheviks. 16–17 July 3–4 July The "July Days"; mass armed demonstrations in Petrograd, encouraged by the Bolsheviks, demanding "All Power to the Soviets". 19 July 6 July German and Austro-Hungarian counter-attack. Russians retreat in panic, sacking the town of Tarnopol. Arrest of Bolshevik leaders ordered. 20 July 7 July Lvov resigns and asks Kerensky to become Prime Minister and form a new government. Established 25 July. 4 August 22 July Trotsky and Lunacharskii arrested. 8 September 26 August Second coalition government ends. 8–12 September 26–30 August "Kornilov mutiny". Begins when the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Lavr Kornilov, demands (or is believed by Kerensky to demand) that the government give him all civil and military authority and moves troops against Petrograd. 13 September 31 August Majority of deputies of the Petrograd Soviet approve a Bolshevik resolution for an all-socialist government excluding the bourgeoisie. 14 September 1 September Russia declared a republic. 17 September 4 September Trotsky and others freed. 18 September 5 September Bolshevik resolution on the government wins majority vote in Moscow Soviet. 2 October 19 September Moscow Soviet elects executive committee and new presidium, with Bolshevik majorities, and the Bolshevik Viktor Nogin as chairman. 8 October 25 September Third coalition government formed. Bolshevik majority in Petrograd Soviet elects Bolshevik Presidium and Trotsky as chairman. 23 October 10 October Bolshevik Central Committee meeting approves armed uprising. 24 October 11 October Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region, until 13 October. 2 November 20 October First meeting of the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. 7 November 25 October October Revolution is launched as MRC directs armed workers and soldiers to capture key buildings in Petrograd. Winter Palace attacked at 9:40pm and captured at 2am. Kerensky flees Petrograd. Opening of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets. 8 November 26 October Second Congress of Soviets: Mensheviks and right SR delegates walk out in protest against the previous day's events. Congress approves transfer of state authority into its own hands and local power into the hands of local soviets of workers', soldiers', and peasants' deputies, abolishes capital punishment, issues Decree on Peace and Decree on Land, and approves the formation of an all-Bolshevik government, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), with Lenin as chairman.