Review_of_Literature

Review of Literature Goodman, Davies, Dinan, Tai & Iliffe (2011) define health promotion as the act of helping others and encouraging positive health among individuals within a given society through personal, private, and public means. Analysts define this skill as the science of promoting the protection and improving peoples’ health through education. Public health has been documented over the years to improve the well-being of people in a given society. The behavior activities include self responsibility, nutritional awareness physical fitness, and stress management. According to Callens, Tibbins & Lenney (2011) define health promotion as those activities that when put in place by an individual, assist him or her develop resources that will maintain their well-being These activities entail those that a person does on their own in the absence of endeavor to remain healthy. According to Callen et al (2011) health promotion is the behavior of individual or activities done with the need to improve his or her health condition. He describes this behavior as the desire by an individual to avoid illness, identify illnesses early, or make an attempt of curing curable diseases. From the definition above, health promotion depends on how health promotion is perceived by members of a given community. Therefore, it is difficult to provide an accurate definition of health promotion. Nurses have defined health promotion as the approach to an individual wellness. The main purpose of health promotion in nursing practice presented in both articles is to promote the issue of health promotion in policies and training agendas. However, Goodman et al (2011) says that very little has been done to ensure this takes place among the nurses. The authors indicate that nurses feel enthusiastic about health promotion among community members and feel that they need to play a big role in health promotion. Pinzon-Perez & Mountcastle (2010), on the other hand, note that health promotion is the main focus of the nursing profession. The process of promoting peoples’ healthy lifestyles has eliminated the existence of disease experienced by different individuals in the community. He argues that nurses must take the role in promoting health care within the community so as to improve the health status of a given community. As indicated in the three articles, the main roles of nurses in health promotion are to deal with the local communities in identifying and eradicating health issues in the community, providing a comprehensive service to improve and maintain peoples’ health, organize and coordinate care to all community members and promoting peoples’ health by providing useful health information. Lastly nurses develop heath care work force in their specialization. Nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion has been clearly explained in the articles. With the changing culture in the nursing profession, there is a need for changes to be made in health promotion services by the nurses for effective health promotion. The authors advocate for the development of innovative ways of working together across the nursing discipline and traditional boundaries. The nurses are advised to develop new nursing roles and responsibility that will ensure proper service provision of health promotion. This also challenges employees to employee qualified staff and provide facilities for health promotion. The articles advocate for the evaluation of innovative models for health promotion and provide findings for improvement of health promotion. The new nursing roles are emerging with boundaries in the health promotion shifting, therefore; the nurses need to be trained on the emerging issues for quality health promotion. The implementation areas include public health. According to Goodman et al (2011), public health is the act of protecting and improving people’s health within their community through education and promotion of health life styles. (Callens, et al 2011), on the other hand, says that public health tries to prevent occurrences from happening by implementing educational programs, developing health polices, administering health system and conducting health care research within the community. Implementation process occurs when nurses empower people, and help them achieve and maintain a proper health condition. In addition to this, nursing care implementation entails nurses teaching, management, and knowledge development (Pinzon et al 2010). He adds that nurses work together with their patients and relatives to improve the standards of health, and they are the sole decisions makers in the implementation process. The three levels of health promotion are; primary level that is concerned with the prevention of specific illness or occurrence of illness, therefore prevention reduces both incidences and prevalence of diseases. The secondary level is concerned with detection and screening of illness as well as their treatments before an individual notices the he or she is sick. This level is known as maintenance level. Lastly the tertiary level targets patients who already have the symptoms of the disease. The main role of tertiary is to prevent damage and pain in diseases, prevent the diseases from spreading, provide better care to patients, and to cure the patients. The review presents the notion of promotion of health care services in the three articles. From the review, comprehensive information is provided on endorsement of health promotion, the purposes of health care in nursing, the evolving trends in health care, and the implementation of health promotion among the nurses. Finally, the three levels of health promotion in the nursing profession have been discussed in detail.