Reflective_Ob_Report

Introduction This report is about organisational behaviour. According to Brooks (1999), he defines organisational behaviour as the study of human behaviour in organisations with a focus on individual and group processes and actions. Possessing a good understanding of organisational behaviour, places you in a better position to explain and predict human behaviour, even to control it where necessary. These skills equip you with the knowledge of how people are motivated all the way to why the structure of an organisation influences the behaviour of people at work. This report will examine three organisational behaviour issues, which are motivation, leadership and conflict. All three topics will be explained individual by theories. Furthermore the issues will relate to the personal experience and reflection of Vijay. Main Body Motivation Motivation is very important in organisational behaviour. It is a reason for an action, which gives purpose and direction to behaviour. It is not what you desire, but the strong reason you desire it. For example: If you want to stop working and go into business for yourself. Motivation has two types intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is which lives inherent in one person, the enjoyment of doing something without someone is giving you as reward. The best example is students they are putting too much in their studies, to achieve best educational results and thereby the effort will bring them the success. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the performer. Money is the most obvious example, but coercion and threat of punishment are also common extrinsic motivation. Sometimes extrinsic can be weaken motivation. For example the interest for particular field is going to lose, which was already rewarded. Leadership A leader can create a successful organisation in these environment in which the organisation or business is running. The need of a leader exists to have a responsible person and who set a clarity organisational structure. Also it is possible to control the behaviour of the staff and customers. In addition a leader set down goals where everyone can work with each other to achieve the target as team or an organisation. All staff member should feel as winner, if the target is successfully reached. There are different types of leadership e.g. political leadership, religious leadership and community leadership etc. accordingly is the behaviour of each leader. Conflict Conflict is a difficult situation, which results from the fact that two or several persons/groups have different desires, demands or the like. In whole of the world people confront with conflict every day and their thought is conflict as negative, but it can also be positive. Conflicts fulfil essential function of teamwork of people. Oft teams becomes success after able to manage with conflicts. Furthermore every conflict situation releases emotional loaded conceivability and action. It has five different types, evaluation conflict, conflict of aims, distribution conflict, relationship conflict and interdependence conflict. It is also divided in potential differences, style, background/gender, leadership and personality clashes. Theory Motivation Motivation defined by Brooks (1999) “as the will to perform.” Motivation is the condition responsible for variation in the intensity, quality and direction of ongoing behaviour. Based on Herzberg’s ‘’two factor theory of motivation’’ and Maslow’s ‘’hierarchy of needs’’, it is clear the employment should be recalled whether they are felt negative or positive at work. Discontent is evoked by (extrinsic) factors of the working environment (dissatisfaction). The most important dissatisfied or hygiene factors are: Personnel politic, status, technical authority of the superior, relationship to superiors, colleagues and employees. A sufficient consideration of these factors leads only to the abolishment of the discontent, but not to the satisfaction. Satisfaction can be achieved only over (intrinsic) factors, which refer to work contents. The most important satisfier or motivators are: Achievement or success experience, acknowledgment for performed work, work itself, responsibility, ascent, possibility to the personality development. In addition Herzberg drew the conclusion from these realizations and its investigations that only such factors can set free real motivation strength, which refers to work contents and to the satisfaction of personal motives for growth. Without these factors (Motivator) there cannot be real satisfaction and thus motivation. This is at the same time a radical refusal of on all too simply conceived motivation programs such as premiums, plans of action etc., which misunderstand a motivating as mechanical incentive technology. Maslow’s Hierarchy-of-Needs Theory Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Collins, K. Motivating Employees [Online] Available at: http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/node/28089#web-28089 [Accessed 10 December 2010] Leadership Brooks (1999) defined Leadership as “an aim to influence and guide others into pursuing particular, objectives or visions of the future and to stimulate them into wanting to follow.’’ Fielder argued the effectiveness of trait and behavioural leadership styles alone. Fielder asserted ‘’that group performance is fundamentally governed by the leader’s personality and situation.’’ Furthermore Robert House Theory (1971) ‘’A Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Effectiveness’’ evidenced how important is a leader for the company success and this is the first step to develop the organisational structure. According to the theory a leader affects to the perception of the work goals of their employees and the ways, who lead to achieve the goals. Leadership behaviour is acceptable and satisfying in the measure, in which the employees can recognize this behaviour as an immediate and direct source of the work satisfaction or as instrument for future work satisfaction. Leadership behaviour motivates in the measure, as it satisfies the requirement of the employees for example after high earnings/services or after high achievement. The designation helps in the goal formation by the leader, describes and get straight to the way, to help their group members to achieve their goals. This way they make simpler for them, by eradicating those obstacles and pitfalls from the way (guidance, goals). The satisfaction of the employees depends on the way of setting their tasks and the accuracy of the guidance by their leaders. There are many other theories for leadership, but the Robert House theory is most popular and many companies prefer to work in the organisation with this theory. Conflict Karl Marx is the originator of conflict theory. ‘’There existed two categories of people: capitalist and working class.” ‘’The theory itself was originally coined by Karl Marx, though later the theory was adapted and developed by other theorists such as Max Weber.” ‘’The theory of Verstehen known as Interpretative Sociology.’’ The term of the conflict covers social relations between individuals, groups, organisations, countries and institutions. Thereby the Conflict theory is most important part of the social world. It has three components: The first component is that conflict exists daily in a society. The second component is the interest and conflicting values of different social groups. The last component is the class warfare between dominate and subdominant social groups. Karl Marx describe the capitalist as the dominate group, because they own and have the control over the production and the working class known as subdominant group are the people who produce the products. Furthermore the capitalist class have all the controls over the working class people. According to Weber there are many groups with high knowledge of society power. Experience and Reflection Motivation In Vijay’s life experience is motivation very important, because when he lost all his hopes to achieve a good and valuable certificate to become an educated person with a successful job. Then his family motivate him after uncompleted studies in Germany to go to London. After his own carefully thought, he decided to move to London and make their parents proud of himself and make their trust true. According to Herzberg ‘’two factor theory’’ Vijay wants to achieve his targets (inherent motivation) to prove himself right. In future Vijay shall understand that he can reach his goals without any outside motivation. He should try to achieve the goals for himself and not to do favour for someone else. Leadership Vijay and his two friends started their own business as Event Management. The work in different area was divided by three, so that everyone shall work the same. The business was running successfully, but after one year Vijay talked to his friends and let them know that they need a leader to be successful in future. So then Vijay became a leader and started to take all the responsibility. He started to observe the friends if the work are going on right way. He follows the theories of Robert House (1971), ‘’Path-Goal Theory’’ and John Adair (1973), ‘’action-centred leadership model’’ to be in the organisation for along time. Furthermore Adair argued that it is not who you are, but what you do which establishes you as a leader. In future Vijay will try to work on these theories, because through this theories are possible for him to gain overall overview of what is happing and can set down new goals. Conflict According to Karl Marx theory, ‘’there existed two categories of people: capitalist and working class.” Vijay and his two friends approved their behaviour as a boss. They make the difference between the people, when they selected people to advertise for them and paid them not the same salary. All three friends felt ashamed to allocate their own flyer on the street, so they send people to do it, even if they were expected to pay high salaries. Conflict between the friends was when one of them did not do his work. However through the conflict they became more success, because one of them decided to take the decision which was then the final one. In future Vijay must try doing not to separate people in different class categories. It does not suit an educated person. Conclusion To conclude the report it is essential that one shall know the importance of the issue and the theories. Wherever in the world you are, the organisational behaviour plays a very important role and it will help you to settle down your business and your behaviour towards the employees and the customers. Vijay increased his knowledge and will try to change his behaviour, so that he can use his knowledge for his benefit. Suitable organisational behaviour is a base of formation of successful business. Bibliography Brooks, I. (1999) Organisational Behaviour: Individuals, Groups and the Organisation. Great Britain: FT Pitman Publishing Chapnam A. (1995), Frederick Herzberg motivational theory [Online] Available at: http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm [Accessed 10 December 2010] Chapnam A. (1995), Maslow's hierarchy of needs [Online] Available at: http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm [Accessed 11 December 2010] Chapnam A. 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