Primary_Terms

Primary Terms 1. Renaissance: (14th-17th century) Was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late middle ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe 2. Humanism: Is an approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. Mainly occurred during renaissance. 3. Patricians: It originally referred to a group of elite families in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members. 4. Secular humanism: Is a secular philosophy that embraces human reason, ethics, justice and the search for human fulfillment. 5. Christian humanism: Is the position that universal human dignity and Individual freedom are essential and principal components of, or are at least compatible with, Christian doctrine and practice. 6. The Prince: (1513) Wrote by Niccolo Machiavelli, it was not printed until 5 years after machiavellies death, with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII. 7. Indulgence: (around 1517)Given to you by the catholic church, indulgences made whoever you wanted sin free and it made sure they went to heaven and not hell. 8. Praise of Folly: (1509) Written by Erasmus, was first printed in 1511 it is considered one of the most notable works of the Renaissance. 9. Utopia: (1516) A word and book made by Thomas More, the term used to describe ideal in society. 10. 95 theses: (1517) written by Martin Luther, widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the protestant reformation. 11. Justification by faith: Is a Christian theological doctrine that distinguishes most Protestant denominations from Catholism, Eastern Christianity, and some in the Restoration movement. 12. Diet of worms: (1521) A diet that took place in the city of worms which is now Germany, and is most memorable for the edict of worms which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant church. 13. Peasant Rebellions: (1524-1525) was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524–1526. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525, the conflict involved an estimated 300,000 peasants. 14. Predestination: in Calvinistic theology is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God. John Calvin interpreted biblical predestination to mean that God willed eternal damnation for some people and salvation for others. 15. Lay Piety: Refers to the people who aren’t priests, monks nuns, etc.The religious beliefs of the average person. 16. Jesuits: A religious order that follows the meaning of the Catholic Church, the members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as “god’s marines.” 17. Council of trent: (16th century) was the Ecumencial council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church’s most important councils. 18. Inquisition: (12th century)Was the "fight against heretics" by several institutions within the justice-system of the Roman Catholic Church. It started in the 12th century, with the introduction of torture in the persecution of heresy. 19. Papal line of Demarcation: Signed at tortesillas June 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 Leagues west of the Cape Verde islands. 20. Tordesillas: Is a town and municipality in the province of Valladolid, Castile and Leon, central Spain. In the 15th century the town hosted several meetings of the Cortes. During the skirmishes between Henry IV and the nobility the city supported the monarchy, and again during the clashes between the Catholic monarchs and Joanna la Beltraneja in 1476. 21. Joint-stock companies: A type of corperation involving two or more individuals the own share in the company. 22. Putting out system: was a means of subcontracting work. It was also known as the workshop system. In putting-out, work was contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who completed the work in their own facilities, usually their own homes. 23. Cottage industries: is an industry, primarily manufacturing, which includes many producers, working from their homes, typically part time. 24. Peace of Augsburg: (1555)Was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldik league an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg, now in present-day Bavaria, Germany. 25. English Reformation: (16th century) Was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. 26. Commercial Revolution: Was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 16th century until the early 18th century. 27. Merchant capitalism: Is a term used by economic historians to refer to the earliest phase in the development of capitalism as an economic and social system. 28. Mercantilism: (16th to 18th century) Is the economic doctrine that says government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of a state.