P.E_Atsi

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders |NATURE + EXTENT (WHAT IS IT/ STATS 2 SUPPORT) |ATSI LEX is 20yrs less than the overall non ATSI Australian LEX. The leading cause of mortality | | |for ATSI is CVD, cancer, diabetes and respiratory disease. 25% are ATSI living in RUR/REM areas. | |SOCIOCULTURAL, SOCIO ECOMIC, ENVORONMENTAI | | |FACTORS THAT DETERMINE ATSI HEALTH |Many of the mortality rates due to depression for ATSI are because they do not have the access to | | |professional institutions or counselling because they cannot afford it, or they may not have these| | |types of services available to them in their RUR/REM communities. | | | | | |Sometimes they seek their own profession when suffering from an illness such as an ATSI would seek| | |advice from an Elder, which may prescribe natural or their own treatment and decline and Western | | |clinical health treatment, due to the lack of education they may not the full effects of using un | | |professional and tested treatments. | | | | | |Housing standards are a priority issue. Other ENVIRO issues are water supply, training for ATSI | | |ENVIRO officers, transport, communication + health + safety relating to dog. | |Roles of Individuals, | | |Communities, |- An individuals capacity to reduce their risky behaviour and to increase their protective health | |Governments: |behaviour or promote good health in others is influenced by: age, family, history, community | |In addressing the health inequities |support, role modelling, education, access to health services + soco-economic status. There is a | |(Intersectoral approach is the term used to |strong focus on ATSI health services on providing education and support for Indigenous mothers + | |describe when Govts, the commun + individuals |children, improving the knowledge and skills of community members. The Healthy for Life Program | |work together to improve health). |provides local health programs including improved training and education for Indigenous people. | | | | | |- ATSI Community Controlled Health Services are primary healthcare services initiated + operated | | |by the local ATSI community to deliver a holistic, comprehensive + culturally appropriate | | |healthcare to the community that controls it. ATSI communities run hundreds of services which | | |generally include clinical care, health education, health promotion, screening, immunisation + | | |counselling, men’s + women’s health, aged care, transport to medical appointments, hearing | | |health, sexual health. | People in rural and remote areas. |NATURE + EXTENT (WHAT IS IT/ STATS 2 |People who live in regional areas represent 29%, and those in rural 3% of Australia’s population. They experience| |SUPPORT) |higher levels of mortality, disease, health risk factors than those in major cities. They experience slightly | | |higher levels of cancer in rural/ lower in remote, more likely to suffer acute chronic injury, low LEX increases | | |with remoteness, show higher levels of psychological distress amongst males. | |SOCIO-ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CULTURAL | | |ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS |- People living in RUR/REM areas have fewer education and employment opportunities, lower income, less access to | | |goods and services, even less access to basic necessities like fresh fruit vegetables. Sparse population | | |difficulty providing health services contribute to low health status in RUR/REM areas. Therefore most likely to be| | |overweight, not eat enough fruit/veggies, experience low birth weight, drink alcohol in risky quantities. | | | | | |- Sometimes they seek their own profession when suffering from an illness such as an ATSI would seek advice from | | |an Elder, which may prescribe natural or their own treatment and decline and Western clinical health treatment, | | |due to the lack of education they may not the full effects of using un professional and tested treatments. | | | | | |- The poorer health status of rural communities is partly due to the lack of access to health services, also which| | |may tie in from a low socio-economic status. Ie the long winding roads in rural areas are the most prone to fatal | | |accidents, when this does unfortunately occur it takes much longer to get ambulance assistance to the spot of the | | |accident, playing a major role in life or death. | |Roles of Individuals, communities, | | |Governments |- The NSW Gov runs programs such as the Outreach Assistance Program, offers a range of scholarships and grants | |In addressing the health inequities |support to rural health professionals. The Rural Health Priority provides advice to the NSW Gov about improving | |(Intersectoral approach is the term |health to ppl in RUR/REM areas of the state. In the State Health Plan some needs are to: Attract and retain health| |used to describe when Govts, the commun|professionals in RUR/REM communities, provide sustainable quality health services, make health services more | |+ individuals work together to improve |accessible via initiatives such as Telehealth a visual telecommunications system for clinical and patients. | |health). | | | |- Rural communities struggle to sustain adequate health + medical services for their residents. They work in | | |partnership with Govm’ts + other agencies. Since 2008 there were 40 MultiPurpose services running. The MSP model | | |is aimed at: Establishing viable acute health, ages care and community service, improving access to appropriate | | |services, increasing coordination, flexibility and innovative service delivery. | CVD Nature: Main CVD conditions are coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Main cause is the build up of fatty tissue (atherosclerosis) on the inside lining of the arties. This build up interferes with the supply of blood around the body. Extent (trends): The death rates increasingly sharply with age and causes the greatest number of deaths from the elderly. Since the mid 1970s there has been an increasing downfall from the number of deaths in f + m. Due to improved Medical care(drugs to manage blood pressure) Reduction in risk behaviour that contributes to CVD (smoking) Risk factors and protective factors: • Non modifiable: Age, hereditary, gender. Modifiable: Smoking, drinking, high blood pressure, high blood fat, overweight and obesity, lack of physical activity. • Protective factors: Maintain healthy levels oof blood, quite smoking, enjoy healthy eating, visit the docter regularly, be physical active, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Sociocultural socioeconomic environmental factors: Socioeconomically disadvantaged people r more likely to develop CVD. Ppl who are in this category r at a risk of 2x the chance of developing CVD than a than a persons from a higher socioeconomic status. Because they demonstrate more risk behaviour ie smoking, obesity and inactivity. Major contribution to the difference in the incidence of CVD. Those who live in rural/ remote areas more likely to develop CVD and linked to Coronary heart disease + can be linked to smoking + obesity + a lack of availability of prevention support in rural/ remote areas. High % of Abos contribute, which they then might seek the elders for advice than often reluctant to access conventional Western Health care. High rates CVD in men are due to they r most likely to ignore early warning signs + less likely to access health services cause of social, masculinity biochemical characteristics of males. The effectice use of mass media has contributed to the decline in CVD. Greater awareness is due to Gov and non gove campaigns of health promotion. Ie heart foundation (increase acess to health produces, low-salt foods, low-fat). Impreoved exercise amenities in public parks and in the workforce physical activity is being promoted ie having their own private gym. For some groups this may not be possible to increase access to a healthier lifestyle ie socio-economically disadvantaged people. Groups at risk: Most likely to develop CVD males, ATSI, socioeconomically disadvantaged peoples, people born in Australia. Within these broad population groups, within these groups include hereditary, overweight people, people with high blood pressure, smokers, blue collar workers, people 65+. CANCER Nature: Refers to a group of disease when process of cell division becomes uncontrolled. These cells multiply in a random manner and form tumours if untreated cancel cells can break off causing secondary cancers to form four classifications are Carcinoma, sarcoma, leukaemia, and lymphoma Extent (trends): Since 1990s has replaced cardiovascular disease second most fatal aprx 30% of all death. Cancer reaches highest mortality and incidence in the 65 yrs and over accounts for 44.5% of deaths. Melanoma has increased more rapidly than any type of cancer, overall higher in males than females. Risk factors and protective factors: Two categories modified and non modifiable. Skin caner=exposure to sun, having fair skin, children, large no of moles and light skin are hereditary factors that can’t be modified. Breast caner unmodifiable= gender obesity, family history. Ling cancer non modifiable age, family history, Can be modified are smoking, drinking, obesity. Sociocultural economic, environmental determinants: Groups at risk: Smokers, low soci-economically disadvantaged people, people with high cancer history, exposed to sun. INJURY Nature: Injuries are defined as those that are caused by any form of external violence. These include injuries and death suffered as a result of motor vehicle and workplace accidents, suicide, violence, drowning and poisoning. Extent (trends): 7.5% which accounts for all deaths id due to poisoning, accidents, suicide and violence. Male’s injury rates of death was almost 1.7% times a females. Overall has declined during recent decades. Risk factors and protective factors: Youth suicide has been linked to a number of social changes which place heavy pressure on young people: High levels of unemployment, higher levels of illicit drug use, young people may also lack access to counselling and treatment. Motor vehicle accidents are alcohol, speeding, fatigue, seatbelt. For children: lack of supervision and unsafe environments i.e pool drowning, fires, crossing roads. Sociocultural socioeconomic, environmental determinants: Suicide: lifestyle of young people have changed dramatically and resulting in higher level of depression ie seeking more independence from parents at a early stage this gives more control to do what they want ie party, drink. Others have great responsibility upon them due to their parents both in full time. Some also forced due to family breakdowns so they escape experiencing violence ect. Motor Vehicles: Media is very influential in reducing the amount of road accidents. Remains highest in young males, due to the desire to seek independence at a young age, having motor vehicle ownership is a symbol of masculinity to them. Some like modified cars ie mags, lowered, turbo engine, overcrowded vehicles increase the risk. Groups at risk: Elderly people (mainly falls) Males aged 15-24 Driver who speed/drink + drive Yong children Worker (mining + constriction= high risk occupations). Explain why it is important to prioritise Australia’s health priorities. The identification of priority issues is based on the potential for prevention and early prevention. To reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of a leading cause of death i.e CVD. The government should be targeting the prevalence of CVD, to decrease the amount of mortality, i.e to recognise the number of the particular disease occurring over time and in the given area which is to which is CVD and most occurrence in ATSI in NT. Such as providing ATSI with education about the right foods to be consuming such as fresh fruit and veggies and funding their area to give them the adequate access to be able to access these fresh foods. There has been a significant progress in improving the health status of Australians by decreasing the rate and prevalence of CVD, although it is still the leading cause of illness. By looking at epidemiology we are able to identify the main health issues, if the government wasn’t prioritising Australia’s health priorities then they might be funding an illness which is less a major threat to the health status ie ASTHMA nevertheless which is still a priority illness, but not as important as some of the others ie CVD and second in line cancer. Therefore this would be ineffective in reducing mortality rates if the government is spending money and using Australians tax to provide education and prevention for Asthma. The major causes of illness such as CVD, cancer, injury, mental health, diabetes will only continue to increase the amount of mortality rates, thus the health status of Australians will only ineffectively decrease. Explain the role of social Justice Principles: Social Justice is about making sure that every Australian has choices about how they live their life and the ability to make those choices. For example social justice refers to everyone being able to access a clean water supply, shelter, cooking facilities and sanitation. Which equips an opportunity to secure employment and good health. Social justice is a life of choices and opportunity, free from discrimination. Everyone has the right to eual ehath opportunities. Social justice recognises the importance to support the marginlised, disadvantaged people in society. The social justice principals recognise: there are situations where identical ruesl, laws and policies to all groups may preoduce unequal results, past and present disadvantages exsists, barriers exsist on our sustems that create discrimination. The principals of social justice are equity, diversity and supporting envrionemts. Equity invloes making sure resocurees and funding are distributed fairly and without discrimination. Healthy equity means that everyone has access to healths ervies and support they neeed at the time that they need it and that it is accessible. Diversity involves all community groups in planning and making decisions about ehalth issues as well as many other one of them are: Recognising the cultureal and social diversity of society and examining and evaluationg diverse values, belifes and attitudes. The principal of supporting environments ferfes to both the physical and social aspects of our surroundings. In encompasses where people live, there lcal community, their home, where they work and play. Therefore action to create supporting environments has manyh dimensions, physical, social, spiritual, economic and political.