Operations

Chapter 4 Identify the most crucial influence on human development that was most lacking in the case of the abused child named Ana. Answer- Human nature (human contact) (page 116) Identify the theorist whose theory of socialization spans an entire lifetime. Answer- Eric Erikson (page 120) Identify an example of legacies. Answer- Children who come from families where a family member went to the same school. (Page 123) Identify the definition of resocialization. Answer- When changing an environment. (Page 125) Identifyan example of a total institution. Answer- Schools that control all of the basics of day-to-day life. (Page 126) Distinguish, by example, between role strain and role conflict. Answer- role strain= conflicting demands on the same roles (young professors). Role conflict=conflicting demands on two or more roles. (127- 128) Distinguish between ascribed, achieved and master status. Answer- ascribed status = what you are born with, achieved status= what you have learned, master status= what we hope to become in life ( page 128) Identify the definition of Goffman’s impression management. Answer= dramaturgical theory (the world is a stage) (page 133) Chapter 5 Distinguish, by example, between a primary group and a secondary group. Answer= primary group- face-to-face contact, family and friends. Secondary group- a group for as a means to an end. (Page 157) Distinguish, by definition, between an in-group and an out-group. Answer= in-group is a majority, out-group is a minority. (Page 158) Identify an example of a reference group. Answer= group that makes sense of our position in society to other groups. (Page 159) Distinguish, by example, between an increase and a decrease in social capital. Answer= A relationship between people that can facilitate the actions of others. (Page 163) Distinguish, by definition, between formal and informal organizations. Answer= formal organizations- a set of governing structures and rules, informal organizations- no structures or rules. (Page 174) Identify Mill’s term for interlocking directorates. Answer= members of corporate boards sit on boards of multiple companies. (Page 175) Chapter 6 Distinguish, by example, between formal and informal deviance. Answer= formal deviance-violation of laws enacted by society, informal deviance- the violation of the social norms. (page 186) Identify Durkheim’s concept for how people form social bonds and relate to each other on a daily basis. Answer= social cohesion- how well people get along in day-to-day-life. (page 188) Distinguish, between Durkheim’s mechanical and organic solidarity. Answer=mechanical solidarity-they have the same cohesion, organic solidarity- they have different cohesion. (page 188) Distinguish, by definition, between collective conscience, anomie and division of labor. Answer= Collective conscience-same social norms (faith). Anomie-not enough social regulation Division of labor-a determined form of solidarity. (page 190) Distinguish, by definition, between formal and informal social sanctions. Answer= formal social sanctions-laws to stop deviant criminal behavior, informal social sanctions-the unspoken laws or rules of social life. (page 193) Distinguish between Durkheim’s types of suicide. Answer= Egoistic- outcast of society Altruistic- experiences to much social life. Anomic- experiences too much life. Fatalistic- experiences too many social rules.(page 195-197) Distinguish between Merton’s components of strain theory. Answer= (page 200-201) Conformist- those who accept the goals and strategies that are considered socially acceptable. Ritualistic- those who reject the socially defined goals in order to live within their own means. Innovator-those who accept the social goals but reject the means to achieve them. Retreaters- those who rejects the social means and goals of society by retreating from society. Rebel- those who reject social goals and means but do try to change or destroy the places from which they are not allowed into. Distinguish, by example, between street and white- collar crime. Answer= a) Street crime-crimes committed in public. b) White collar crime- a crime against a corporation, agency, or business. (Page 211-212) Identify the best indicator of U> S> crime rates according to the author of your text. Answer= the First incarceration is the best ( 1-15 will be incarcerated if the world does not change)(page 226) Identify the cost per prisoner per year in the U> S> Answer= it cost 20,000 per year per prisoner.