National_Fadama_Development_Project

A SOCIO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN RINGIM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA JIGAWA STATE. BY SUNUSI BASHARI (SPS/08/SMS/00567) BEING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DERPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO. AS PART OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. MAY, 2010. ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluation of the role of National Fadama Development Program in uplifting socio – economic life of Fadama farmers in Ringim Local Government area. Various methods of Fadama cultivation were compared before and during national Fadama development project (NFDP). There are five villages involved in the programme here in Ringim Local Government. All the villages were selected and 10 copies of questionnaire were taken to each village in an attempt to gather data. Simple percentages scores in tables were used for the analysis of the result. The study discovered that the introduction of fertilizers, insecticides, improved seeds etc. at subsidize price helped a lot in an increasing crop production, thereby increase farmer’s income. Introduction of tube well and wash bore as well as construction of Fadama roads, cooling shade, provision of drinking water have significantly improved the farmer’s standard of living. As such the study proved that the socio – economic life of the Fadama farmers has significantly improved.   ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All thanks are to Allah (S. W. A.) the Beneficent the most Merciful. My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr. Maharazu A. Yusif for sparing time in spite of his numerous official commitments to read through this project and made corrections. I thank him for the guidance right from research proposal to the end of this project. My gratitude goes to Dr. A. I. Tanko Head of Geography Department Bayero University Kano for his advice and courage given to me on issues related to this programme. The same gratitude goes to all my lecturers for their support and contributions given to me both academically and morally. My gratitude also goes to my colleagues in post graduate Diploma programme as well as those at Jigawa state college of education Gumel for their support and tolerance. The same gratitude goes to Ringim Fadama desk officer Abubakar Alasan and all respondents across the Ringim local government area especially alh. Hamisu Dabi, Na laraba Z/kanya and Ado Malamawar Y/dutse for assisting me in generating data used in this project. Finally I appreciate the effect and contributions given to me by my friends and family whose names have not been mentioned here, I say thanks a lot.   DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my wife Nafisa Nura, my children, Fatima Sunusi and Abdullahi Sunusi.  CERTIFICATION This research work was conducted by Sunusi Bashari and the draft has been read and approved as meeting the requirement of the Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano for the award of Post Graduate Diploma in Environmental Management. NAME OF SUPERVISOR Dr. Maharazu A. Yusuf SIGNATURE………………………………. DATE …………………………………… TABLE OF CONTENT Pages 1. Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - i 2. Acknowledgement- - - - - - - - - - ii 3. Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - iii 4. Certification- - - - - - - - - - - iv 5. Table of Content- - - - - - - - - - v 6. List of Table- - - - - - - - - - - vi 7. List of Figure- - - - - - - - - - - vii CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction- - - - - - - - - - - 1 2. Statement of research problem- - - - - - - - 2 3. Aim and objectives- - - - - - - - - - 2 1.4. Research methodology- - - - - - - - - 2 1.4. Sampling- - - - - - - - - - - 3 1.4. Literature review- - - - - - - - - - 3 1.4.1. Background of National Fadama Development Project - - - - 3 1.4.1. Social aspect of NFDP- - - - - - - - - 4 1.4.2. Economic aspect of NFDP- - - - - - - - 5 1.5. Background of the study area- - - - - - - - 6 1.5.1. Location - - - - - - - - - - - 6 1.5.2. Climate - - - - - - - - - - - 6 1.5.3. Geology- - - - - - - - - - - 7 1.5.4. Relief - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1.5.5. Soil - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1.5.6. Vegetation - - - - - - - - - - 7 1.5.7. Drainage - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1.5.8. Topography- - - - - - - - - - 8 1.5.9. Population - - - - - - - - - - - 8 1.5.10. Settlement - - - - - - - - - - 8 1.5.11. Land use - - - - - - - - - - - 8 CHAPTER TWO 2.0. Results & discussions - - - - - - - - - 9 2.1. Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - 9 2.2. Respondents Occupations before and during the project- - - - 10 2.3. Source of information about the project - - - - - - 11 2.4. Aim of NFDP according to respondents- - - - - - - 12 2.5. Respondents means of transportation- - - - - - - 13 2.6. Farmers association in the study area- - - - - - - 16 2.7. Number of members per association and gender composition- - - 16 2.8. Farmers benefits obtained from the NFDP- - - - - - 16 2.9. Farmers acquisition of land in Fadama area- - - - - - 17 2.10. Capacity building- - - - - - - - - - 23 CHAPTER THREE 3.0. Summary of conclusion and recommendation- - - - - 25 3.1. Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - 25 3.2. Recommendation - - - - - - - - - - 25 3.3. References- - - - - - - - - - - 26 3.4. Questionnaire - - - - - - - - - - 27 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Respondents places of resident before and during the project - - 9 Table 2.2. Respondents distribution according to their occupation before and during the project - - - - - - - - - - 10 Table 2.3. Source of information about the project - - - - - 11 Table 2.4. Aim of NFDP according to respondents - - - - - 12 Table 2.5. Farmers means of transportation - - - - - - 13 Table 2.6. Means of transporting farm produce to the market before and during NFDP - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Table 2.7. Farmers benefits obtained from the NFDP - - - - - 18 Table 2.8. Farmers acquisition of farm land in Fadama area - - - - Table 2.9. Respondents method of farm operation before and during the project (when ranked) - - - - - - - - - - Table 2.10. Source of irrigation water before and during the project - - - Table 2.11. Method of lifting irrigation water before and during the project - Table 2.12. Respondents types of crop grown before and during the project as they were ranked - - - - - - - - - - - Table 2.13. Source of seeds before and during the project - - - - Abstract The paper highlights on evaluation of the role of National Fadama Development Program in uplifting socio – economic life of Fadama farmers in Ringim Local Government area of Jigawa State. In an attempt to view the political trends of the programme, Various methods of Fadama cultivation were compared before and during national Fadama development project (NFDP).The five villages involved in the programme formed the population; out of which 10 questionnaires were administered to each village, as the sample of the study. The study discovered that, one of the political changes being noticed in the program, was the introduction and sells of fertilizers, insecticides, improved seeds etc. at subsidize rates with 50% purchase discounts. Also the establishment of tube well, wash bore, construction of fadama roads, cooling shade, provision of drinking water, have significantly improved the farmers’ standards of living. It is recommended that, the program be maintained and expanded to other places in the State in particular, and the country in general. Introduction ‘Fadama’, the Hausa name for irrigable land, flood plains and low-lying areas underlined by shallow aquifers and found along Nigeria’s river system. The National Fadama Development Project (NFDP) is co-financed with loans from the African Development Fund (ADF) to cover the programme in some states of which Jigawa state is included. Irrigation has been defined by the Centre for Indian Agricultural Research Institute (1997), as one of the most important factors of assured crop production and it permits better utilization of all other factors of production and thus, leads not only to increase in yield per unit of land and time, but also to ensure stability in the economic condition of farmers. Economically, Irrigation is a means of improving ones economy and it ensures reliability of agricultural production by managing water for the crops while additional inputs such as fertilizers, seed diversification, mechanization and other management efforts are significant in affecting the return. Agriculture is the mainstay of Jigawa state economy as over 90% of the work force depends on agriculture for a living. Jigawa State is ranked among the poorest in Nigeria with more than two thirds of her population residing in the rural areas and living below the one-dollar per-day poverty line, ( JARDA, 2006). This probably led to introduction of National Fadama Development Project in the state. The overall objectives of National Fadama Development Project are to reduce poverty by improving the living conditions of the rural poor and to contribute food security and increased access to rural infrastructure. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Having river Hadejia passes through Ringim Local Government area, with flooding almost every year, the affected area becomes Fadama but the potentialities of these Fadama are under Utilized. Thus, brought the issue of National Fadama Development Project. In thisstudy, I am going to evaluate the role of the project in social and economical aspect of the people participating in the programme. THE OBJECTIVES The study has the following objectives; (a) To determine changes in land tenure and crop production. (b) To identify the effects of the programme on employment/income. (c) To determine changes in infrastructures in the community. (d) To identify other facilities owned by the farmers as the result of the programme. THE HYPOTHESIS The Social and Economic Standards of ‘Fadama’ farmers’ have improved as a result of National Fadama Development Project (NPDP) in Ringim Local Government area of Jigawa State. METHODOLOGY In an attempt to carry out this research, some data were required from Jigawa State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (JARDA) as well as National Fadama developement office both located at Dutse capital of Jigawa State. Other secondary data that have also used include the activities of Fadama Development project in Ringim Local Government from Ringim Fadama desk office. The population of the study is the whole of Ringim people, but the sample is all the five villages involved in the program. SAMPLING All the 5 villages including Ringim, were selected in an attempt to over see the activities of NFDP across the local government. The villages are Dabi, Algama, Ringim, Zangon Kanya and Malamawa. A total of fifty questionnaires were administered to Fadama farmers across the study area, ten in each village. The farmers were selected randomly to avoid bias. Background of National Fadama Development Project and its Political Trends National Fadama Development Project is part of Government Programmes and Policies for Agricultural Development. In fact, it is a continuation of such policies and measures that have ranged from direct involvement of government in the production and distribution of products to mere provision of supports to the producers. A brief summary of previous policies and measures include; The National Accelerated Food Production Programme of 1973 was aimed at accelerating the production of six food crops: rice, maize, millet, sorghum, cassava and wheat. River Basin and Rural Development Authorities was established in 1975 in order to make water available for irrigation where there is rainfall deficiency; and to organize effective use and control of water resources generally. The Operation Feed the Nation programme (OPN) of 1976 has been described as an emergency national campaign aimed at stimulating the interest of all Nigerians in farming in order to produce food enough to feed the population. This campaign was supported with technical and other essential farm inputs. Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme was introduced in 1978. The scheme was again targeted at producers of food crops in which the country had experienced short falls in supplies. Several other institutional arrangements were made both at the federal and at the state levels to facilitate farmers’ access to farm credit. Green Revolution Programme of 1980 which was essentially an accelerated programme of agricultural production. It was backed with large-scale imports of fertilizers. The first National Fadama Development Project (Fadama 1) was designed in the early 1990s to promote simple and low cost improved irrigation technology under the World Bank financing. The wide spread adoption of the technologies enabled farmers to increase production by more than 300% in some cases. A hand book produced by; NFDO (2005). Jigawa State is one of the 18 participating states (including F. C. T.) of the second phase of the National Fadama Development Project that became loan disbursement effective on the 3rd May, 2004. The project, which is being financed by the World Bank and African Development Bank, was officially launched by the former president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, on the 13th October, 2004.After securing the approval for the selection of 10 participating L.G.A.s of which Ringim L.G. is included, Ringim Fadama Desk Office was took off early 2005. The National Fadama Development Project in Jigawa State (NFDP) is designed to accelerate agricultural growth based environmentally, financially and institutionally sustainable Fadama development. The project is aimed to meet the following objectives; o Install 8200 shallow tube wells and provide a corresponding of petrol driven water pumps o Construction of Fadama infrastructure o Organize Fadama farmers into (FCAs) and (FRUGs) for irrigation management o Cost recovery and better access for credit facilities o Conducting of aquifer studies, and o Monitoring and up grading of irrigation technologies. 1.7 Background of the Study Area Ringim Local Government is one the 27 local governments in Jigawa State. It is located next to River Hadejia which drains into Lake Chad. The area is rather flat with some broad undulation not more than a few meters high. The geographical location of Ringim town is approximately on 9°10̕’ East Longitude and 12°9̕’ North Latitude. The climate of the area is that of the Sudan Savannah zone which is influenced by two prevailing winds; the Tropical Maritime Wind and Tropical Continental Wind. These winds bring distinct wet and dry season. The rainy period begins in May and end in September or early in October. The area is characterized by relatively low rainfall and high temperature. In a normal year, the annual rainfall is about 600mm.The area is covered by Quaternary deposits of sands, silt and clay of the Chad formation which has great influence on the relief of the area. The western part of the area is the tail of Hausa plain with an elevation of about 450m. The relief of Chad formation represent the sandy plain which includes the transition plain immediately west of the hydrological divide. The Chad sediment extends in the area to a depth of approximately 80m, the thickness increasing eastwards; in the direction of the present Lake Chad. The soil type is mainly sandy, sandy-loamy and hydro orphic soils found in depression and along river valleys.The town lies in the zone of Sudan Savannah and the area is characterized by grasses and shrubs nature, scattered trees which are of different varieties. The tree compositions are Mangoes, Occia, Guava and Creepers. The drainage of the area is mainly formed by the single stream of Hadejia river. With construction of the Tiga dam in the early 1970̕s, the stream flows all year round and some of the boreholes are constructed along the northern part of the stream. The river is characterized by large variation in flow between wet and dry seasons. Ringim Local Government is situated in the Chad Basin within lowlands, and the study area is situated about 400m above sea level. The study area has an estimated population of about 192,024 people as per 2006 census. It experiences a very fast growth and expansion due to the creation of Jigawa State zonal offices and increase in commercial activities. The town has grown from the original settlement and warriors̕ camp through more than 150 years and forms a homogenous and well organized pattern.The predominant land use in the area is agriculture under irrigation and rain fed. Other land uses available in the town are Institutional, Commercial and Residential. Discussions of the Findings The data collected with a view to evaluate the performance of the project on the socio economic life of the fadama farmers in the study area. Respondent places of resident before and during the project Name of Village Before the Project During the Project Respondents living within the study area Respondents living in another area Respondents Living within the study area Dabi 5 5 10 Algama 6 4 10 Ringim 7 3 10 Zangon kanya 6 4 10 Malamawa 7 3 10 Total 31 19 50 Percentage 62% 38% 100% Source: Field Work. 2010 The above table indicates the placement of the respondents before and during the project. This shows that 62% of the respondents were living within the study area, while 38% were living outside the area, before the NFDP. This means the NFDP encourage people to flow into the area for participation in the programme, so as to improve their life. Respondents Occupation Before and During the Project. The respondents have indicated one or more of the following as their occupations; Crop farming, livestock keeping ,Trading , Fishermen ,Hunters Name of Village occupation before the project occupation during the project CFM LFK TR FM HU CFM LFK TR FM HU Dabi 2 1 6 1 - 8 - - 2 - Algama 3 1 4 - 2 10 - - - - Ringim 6 1 3 - - 10 - - - - Zangon kanya 6 2 2 - - 10 - - - - Malamawa 6 2 1 1 - 10 - - - - Total 23 7 16 2 2 48 - - 2 - Percentage 46% 14% 32% 4% 4% 96% - - 4% - Source: field work 2010. KEY: CFM = Crop farming, LFK – livestock keeping, TR = Traders, FM = Fishermen, HU = Hunters. The table showed that, the main occupation before the NFDP (National Fadama Development Project) was crop farming with 46%, followed by trading with 32%, then livestock keeping has 14% and fishing farming and hunting with 4% each. During the project, according to result, crop farming increased to 96% as main occupation across the study area with only 4% of fishing farming at Dabi village. This means commencement of the project made crop farming to increase to 96%. With this figure, farmers have chosen crop farming as their main occupation. The source of information about the project among farmers have differed. Some farmers knew about the project through the extension agents from JARDA, some came to know the project from media such as Radio Jigawa and Radio Kaduna programs while some knew about the project through their friends. See the table below explains more; Name of village Extension Agent Media Friend Dabi 6 1 3 Algama 6 3 1 Ringim 5 2 3 Zangon kanya 7 1 2 Malamawa 6 2 2 Total 30 9 11 Percentage 60% 18% 22% Source: filed work 2010. From table above, one may say that the main source about the project came from extension agents from JARDA, which account to about 60%. Other sources of information, according to respondents reached them from media and friends with 18% and 22%respectively. From the same table, it shows that friends also have contributed to pass information about the National Fadama Development Project. This means that farmers are socially oriented. All respondents have mentioned one or more of the following as the main aim of the project; such as. - To provide employment - To increase food production - To reduce rural – urban migration - To provide infrastructure Above aims were organized based on respective villages as follows: Name of village To provide employment To increase food production To reduce rural – urban migration To provide infrastructure. Dabi 3 4 2 1 Algama 3 6 1 - Ringim 4 2 2 2 Zangon kanya 6 2 1 1 Malamawa 2 4 2 2 Total 18 20 7 5 Percentage 36% 40% 14% 10% Source: field work 2010. From table above, 36% of the respondents see NFDP as medium to provide employments to farmers, while 40% considered the project as an avenue to increase food production. About 14% of the respondents said the NFDP was introduced to reduce rural –urban migration. Just 10% see NFDP as way to provide infrastructure to the farmers. All the respondents’ comments are similar with overall aim of National Fadama Development Project. (Better life for farmers) Name of Village Before the Project During the Project By foot By donkey By bicycle By motorcycle By foot By donkey By bicycle By motorcycle Dabi 5 3 1 1 1 1 6 2 Algama 4 3 2 1 2 1 2 5 Ringim 4 1 2 3 1 - 4 5 Zangon kanya 6 2 1 1 5 1 2 2 Malamawa 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 3 Total 23 11 8 8 13 4 16 17 Percentage 46% 22% 16% 16% 26% 8% 32% 34% Source: field work 2010. Before the project about 46% of farmers across the study area go to their farm land by feet. Those who used donkey account 22% while those who use bicycle reached 16%. Those that used motorcycle were 16%. But during the project, there are massive reduction in farmers who use foot and donkey from 46% - 26% and 22% - 8% respectively while there is massive increased in bicycle and motorcycle from 16% - 32% and 16% - 34% respectively. This probably attributed to increase in farmers income. Farmers’ means of transportations of farm produce to home before and during NFDP. Name of Village Before the Project During the Project On Donkey Animal truck vehicle On Donkey Animal truck vehicle Dabi 4 6 - 2 5 3 Algama 3 7 - 2 6 2 Ringim 1 8 1 - 7 3 Zangon kanya 4 6 - 1 7 2 Malamawa 2 7 1 3 5 2 Total 14 34 2 8 30 12 Percentage 28% 68% 4% 16% 60% 24% Source: field work 2010. Table above, show that, before the project, animal truck is the highest means of transporting farm produce with 68%, followed by donkey with 28%. The least is by use of vehicle with only 4%. During the NFDP some changes were noticed. For example farmers use donkey to transport their farm produce by 16%, animal truck by 60% and vehicle by 24%. By this result it means that using vehicle has increased from 4% to 24%. This probably it might be due to new Fadama road constructed or farmers have increased their production. Both cases have increased their socio-economic well-being. Means of transporting farm produce to the market before and during NFDP. Name of Village Before the project During the project By donkey Animal truck motorcycle vehicle By donkey Animal truck motorcycle vehicle Dabi 1 6 2 1 - 2 - 8 Algama 2 6 - 2 1 2 - 7 Ringim 1 5 1 3 - 7 1 2 Zangon kanya 2 6 1 1 2 4 - 4 Malamawa 1 5 1 3 - 3 - 7 Total 7 28 5 10 3 18 1 28 Percentage 14% 56% 10% 20% 6% 36% 2% 56% Above table shows that, before the project farmers in the study area uses animals and machines to transport their farm produce to the market. For example about 14% of farmers use donkey, 56% use Animals truck, 10% use motorcycle and 20% use vehicle. The study revealed that, during the NFDP some improvements were noticed. For example, using donkey reduced to 6% while using animal truck also reduced to 36% only 2% recorded as means of transporting farm produce in Ringim town. In terms of using vehicle there was a remarkable increased with 56% across the study area. In the course of carrying out this research I realized that farmers tend to use vehicle in transporting their farm produce to the market when the market is located far away from their villages. That is why probably Dabi and Algama has the highest percentage in terms of using vehicles. Farmers benefits obtained from the NFDP Farmers indicated what they have benefited so far from NFDP in their respective localities. They ranked the benefits in order of importance to them. In order to sort out the ranking made by farmers the benefits were weighed and the following result was deduced. Name Of Village Open well Borehole Water pump Seeds insecticide Fadama road Fertilizer Dabi 2 8 7 6 6 - 7 Algama - 6 - 4 7 9 6 Ringim 3 7 6 7 8 - 9 Zangon kanya - 4 - 4 6 - 8 Malamawa - - - 7 4 - 7 Total 5 25 13 28 31 9 37 Percentage 10% 50% 26% 56% 62% 18% 74% Source: field work 2010 The table above has indicated that respondents benefited much with fertilizer with 74% this probably attributed due to their interest and concern with fertilizer. Insecticide account for 62% and it has ranked as second after fertilizer. The third category among the benefited items was seeds with 56%. Borehole also is important to the respondents because it has 50%. Some of these boreholes were drilled in some villages and people used them as their source of water for domestic uses. Water pump for irrigation account for26% and open well is just 10%. As we have seen from the table, some of the benefits were virtually assent in some villages especially Malamawa village. Farmers acquisition of farm land in fadama area. All respondents have indicated that they have acquired their farm land in either of the following; Inheritance, purchase and lease. Therefore, the table below summarizes the findings. Table 2.9 farmers Acquisition of Farm land in fadama area. Name of village Inheritance Purchase Lease Dabi 3 5 2 Algama 5 3 2 Ringim 3 3 4 Zangon kanya 5 3 2 Malamawa 6 3 1 Total 22 17 11 Percentage 44% 34% 22% The research has revealed that fadama area comprises of land acquired through inheritance, purchase or lease. For example larger percentage of land owned by farmers acquired through inheritance by 44%. Second category of farmers acquired their farm land by purchase with 34%. Only 22% of respondents got their farm plot through lease. The farmers’ income has really increased because they were able to purchased the farm plot up to 36% in their respective rural areas. Respondent’s types of crops grown before and during the project as they were ranked Name Before the Project During the Project Types of Crops Wheat Maize Rice Tomatoes Onion Cabbage Carrot Wheat Maize Rice Tomatoes Onion Cabbage Carrot Dabi 7 10 9 10 7 7 5 7 7 8 9 6 5 5 Algama 9 8 8 9 9 3 3 8 7 9 9 8 3 3 Ringim 9 9 8 7 3 - - 9 7 10 7 7 3 4 Zangon Kanya 10 10 8 8 6 - - 9 9 7 9 5 - - Malamawa 6 8 7 6 2 - - 8 3 6 9 2 - - Total 41 45 40 40 27 10 8 41 33 40 43 28 11 12 Percentage 82% 90% 80% 80% 54% 20% 16% 82% 66% 80% 86% 56% 22% 24% Source: field work The table above explains the type of crops grown by respondents based on the order of importance to them. The result were weighed as presented above. From the table, before the NFDP farmers grown maize much with 90%, then followed by wheat with 82%. Rice and tomatoes ranked third with 80%, each. Other crops grown before project are onion with 54%, cabbage 20% and the least crop grown is carrot with 16%. During the project, some changes were noticed especially with regard to crops in terms of their cultivation compared to period before the commencement of the project. For example, tomatoes during the project have risen to 86%, wheat with 82%, rice ranked third with 80%, maize 66% and onion with 56%. Other crops are cabbage and carrot with 22% and 24% respectively. The major different is farmer now concentrated on cash crops than food crops, simply because they have fertilizer at their disposal and they need more income. Capacity Building As part of capacity building, NFDP include construction and provision of infrastructure. Respondent in the study area were asked whether they have noticed any of the following at their villages; Fadama road, Cooling shade, Storage store and water for domestic uses. The result is given below: - Table 2.15 capacity building water for domestic uses Name of village Fadama road Cooling shade Storage store Water for domestic Dabi - - - 10 Algama 10 - - 10 Ringim - 10 - 10 Zangon kanya - 10 - 10 Malamawa - - - 40 Total 10 20 0 Percentage 20% 40% 0 80% Source field work 2010. From the above table, respondents have benefited with hand pump for domestic uses except malamawa village and it account for 80%. Cooling shade were also noticed only at Ringim and Zangon kanya and percentage in the study area is 40%. Fadama road is also noticed at Algama which linked the village with Dingare village. The percentage is just 2%. Access to infrastructure, means that, the life of farmers have improved. Benefits obtained as a result of NFDP. All respondents were asked to list the benefits they got from NFDP. All of them have directly or indirectly made mentioned the following. - Improvement of standard of living of farmers - Reduced rural – urban migration - Increase farmers’ income. Name of village Improved standard of living Reduced rural - urban migration Increase income Dabi 7 2 1 Algama 8 2 0 Ringim 5 3 2 Zangon kanya 2 6 2 Malamawa 7 2 Total 29 13 8 Percentage 58% 26% 16% Source: field work. From above table 58% of the respondents said that NFDP has improved their standard of living, while 26% of the farmers said NFDP reduced rural – urban migration because they no longer go to urban areas looking for employment. About 16% have indicated that the benefit obtained is their income has increased. Conclusion The study has revealed that the programme has brought about improvement in cultivation of crops by given farmers improved seeds, insecticides, fertilizer, water pumps etc. it is also noticed that, construction of Fadama roads, cooling shades have assisted farmers to ease their movements to the market and to store their farm produce for safe keeping. The programme has prevented farmers from going out to urban centres, as such rural – urban migration is reduced. It was found that farmer’s living standard is now improved by having access to safe drinking water, secured employment and so on. Therefore, the hypothesis “Social and Economic Standards of Fadama farmers’ have improved as a result of National Fadama Development Project “ is proved. 3.2. Recommendation Based on the findings, the National Fadama Development Project has done well in improving social and economic aspect of rural and urban farmers; therefore it should keep it up, to cover as large areas as possible. I suggest that, the number of Fadama Resource Users group Associations under Fadama Community Association should be reduced to minimal number, because many of such groups are yet to benefit from the programme. For example, hunters, fisheries, sugarcane, etc have not benefited from the programme in the study area. Reference Research Report conducted by Institute for Agricultural Research and Lake Chad Research Institute on the Farming system in Hadejia Jama’are and flood plain (1997) Umar and Mansur (1994),”Fadama Development and Experiences” paper presented at workshop on strategies for the sustainable use of Fadama lands in Northern Nigeria held at Maiduguri, Nigeria. JARDA (2006): Jigawa State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority Progress Report. NFDO (2005). National Fadama Development Office, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Progress report. Olofin E.A (1993): Dam Construction and National Development. Paper Presented at the National Policy Workshop on “Fadama Utilization and Sustainability” held at Maiduguri in February, 1993. Umar I. (2003) An Evaluation of the National Fadama Development Project in JARDA Zone 1 (B/Kudu) zone, Jigawa State. An Unpublished Msc. Thesis Bayero University Kano. Sridhar M.K.C. (1991) Report on the environmental assessment study of National Fadama Development Project it in Bauchi, Kano, Katsina, and Sokoto states of Nigeria. A report submitted to federal agricultural co-ordinating unit Ibadan, June pp 1 – 12 PCU – NFDO (2007) Project Coordinating unit, National Fadama Development office Federal Ministry of Agriculture and water resources progress report.