Moses_Biography

Moses ( Heb. משֶׁה, Moshe, "taken (saved) from the water", an Arab. موسى Musa al-Greek.. Mωυσής, Lat. Moyses) ( XIII century BC. e. ) in the Pentateuch - the Jewish prophet and lawgiver, the founder of Judaism , made ​​Exodus of the Jews from ancient Egypt , rallied the Israeli tribes into one nation. Bible scholars usually dated his life XV-XIII centuries. BC. e. mainly communicating with the Pharaohs XVIII and XIX dynasties : Akhenaten , Ramses II , Merneptah . Name Main article: Moses (name) Moses - "recovered or rescued from the water," in other directions, it is of Egyptian origin and means "child" [1] . Biography The Biblical story The main source of information about Moses - the biblical narrative on the Hebrew language . His life and work are devoted to the four books of the Pentateuch ( Exodus , Leviticus , Numbers , Deuteronomy ) that make up the epic of the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt . Birth and Childhood [->0] The Finding of Moses. F. Goodall , 1862 The book of Exodus tells us that Moses' parents belonged to the tribe of Levi ( Ex.. 2:1 ). Moses was born in Egypt ( Exodus. 2-2 ) in the reign of the pharaoh who "knew not Joseph" ( Exodus. 1:8 ), who was the first nobleman under his predecessor. The governor questioned the loyalty Egypt descendants of Joseph and his brothers and turned into slaves of the Jews. But the hard work has not reduced the number of Jews, and Pharaoh ordered to drown in the Nile all newborn Jewish male babies. At that time the family was born the son of Amram, Moses. Mother of Moses Jochebed (Yocheved) was able to hide the baby at home for three months. Not having more opportunities to hide it, she left the baby in a basket of reeds and tar oils, bitumen and pitch in the reeds on the banks of the Nile , where he was found by Pharaoh's daughter, who came there to swim. [->1] Paolo Veronese . The Finding of Moses. 2nd third of the XVI century. Picture Gallery . Dresden Realizing that in front of her single "of Jewish children" ( Exodus. 2:6 ), however, she took pity on the crying baby on the advice of Moses' sister Miriam ( Exodus. 15:20 ), watched the scene from a distance, has agreed to call the nurse- Israeli woman. Miriam called Jochebed, Moses was given to his mother, who nursed him. "And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son" ( Exodus. 2:10 ). The court Career Moses grew up as the adopted son of Pharaoh's family, that is, in the capital city (probably Avaris ). One day, Moses wanted to see how Jews live. From which it follows that for all the time growing up out of the palace, he did not come out on the market. He was deeply saddened servile position of his people: one day in a fit of rage killed an Egyptian overseer, who abuse slaves Israelis, and tried to reconcile quarreling among themselves Jews. [2] Pharaoh found out about it, and Moses, fearing punishment, fled from Egypt to the land Midian . [3] Family [->2] Moses defends the daughters of Jethro Moses fled from Egypt into the land of Midian [3] , stopped the priest Jethro [4] (Reuel [5] ). He lived and worked cattle . There he married the daughter of Jethro Zipporah . She bore him children Girsama ( Ex.. 2:22 ; Ex. 18:3 ) and Eliezer [6] . (Much later, Moses gathered the army of many thousands, and destroyed the Midianites, the people of his wife. [7] ) Probably had another wife after the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt . In the book of Numbers mentions that he was accused sister Miriam and brother Aaron, his wife - Ethiopian nationality [8] . But was Zipporah black, or Moses had two wives - this is debatable since the Bible was written. Revelation Cattle grazing at Mount Horeb ( Sinai ), he is from the burning bush was God's call, he discovered his name ( Yahweh (Hebrew יהוה), «I am the mere") to the liberation of his people. First, Moses could not believe what had happened and the coming of his high mission, but God turned the staff that was in the hands of Moses, in the snake and the snake turned back into a staff, and then Moses put his hand into his bosom, and his hand was leprous as snow on the new command again put his hand in his bosom, and when he took it, and she was healthy. Returning to the banks of the Nile , and his brother Aaron (whom God had chosen him to serve as helpers "through him", as Moses was trying to refer to my tongue-tie ), asked the Pharaoh to release the children of Israel out of Egypt , and at first they asked for the name of Yahweh his let the Jews out of Egypt for three days to the sacrifices in the desert - "Let my people." Pharaoh's stubbornness exposed the horrors of the country " Ten Plagues ": the transformation of the Nile into blood, frogs invasion, invasion of midges, the invasion of swarms of flies, mora cattle disease in humans and livestock, expressed in inflamed with boils, hail and fire mingled with the hail, locusts , darkness, death of the firstborn in Egypt and the families of all the first-born of cattle. Finally, Pharaoh allowed them away for three days, and the Jews, taking cattle and power of Joseph and some of the other patriarchs, went out of Egypt and into the wilderness of Shur started Exodus . Exodus Main article: Exodus God showed them the way: he went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, and by night in a pillar of fire, lighting the way ( Ex.. 13:21-22 ). The Israelites moved on, miraculously crossed the Red Sea , which parted before them, but sank the chase. On the seashore Moses and all the people, including his sister, Miriam, solemnly sang a song of thanksgiving to God. He led his people into the Promised Land Promised Land through the Sinai desert. First 3 days they walked the wilderness of Shur, and found nothing, except the water bitter (Marah), but God will delight the water and ordered Moses to put into it they said tree. In the wilderness of Sin God sent them a lot of quail, and then (and throughout the next 40 years of wanderings) daily sent them from heaven manna . At Rephidim Moses by the commandment of God, He brought water from the rock Mount Horeb, striking it with his staff. Here the Jews attacked the Amalekites, but were defeated at the prayer of Moses, who during the Battle of praying on the mountain, lifting up their hands to God ( Exodus. 17:11-12 ). In the third month after leaving Egypt, the Israelites went up to Mount Sinai , where God gave Moses the rules of how to live the Children of Israel, and then Moses received from God the stone Tablets of the Covenant with the Ten Commandments , which became the basis of the Mosaic Law ( Torah ). So the children of Israel were a real people - the Jews . Here, on the mountain, received instructions about the construction of the Tabernacle and the laws of worship. [->3] Moses breaks the tablets. Rembrandt , 1659 Here he lived for the next 40 years. Moses twice climbed Mount Sinai, staying there for 40 days. During his absence the first people sinned terribly, and have made ​​the Golden Calf , before which the Jews began to serve and have fun. Moses broke the Tablets in anger and destroy cells ( Seventeenth of Tammuz ). After that, again for 40 days, he returned to the mountain and prayed to God for forgiveness of the people. From there, he returned to the light of God shone round about the face and had to hide his face under a veil, so that the people are not blind. Six months later, was built and consecrated the Tabernacle. After wandering people again became impatient and grumble. As punishment, God sent poisonous snakes, and when Jews repent, commanded Moses to erect the brazen serpent for their healing. Despite great difficulties, Moses was a servant of God, continued to lead God's chosen people, to teach and instruct him. He heralded the future of the tribes of Israel, but did not enter the promised land, as was Aaron, because of the sin committed by them at the waters of strife in Kadesh - God allowed them to strike the rock with a rod and carve the source, and on the lack of faith they did not hit 1 times 2 and [9] . Death Moses died before the entrance to the Promised Land . The Lord called him to death in front of the ridge Abarim [10] : "And Moses went up from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo , to the top of Pisgah, that is against Jericho , and the LORD showed him all the land of Gilead, to the very Dana . "( Deut. 34:1 ) . There he died. "Buried in a valley in the land of Moab opposite Beth-peor, and no one knows [place] of his sepulcher unto this day." ( Deut. 34:6 ) His successor at the direction of God, he appointed Joshua . [11] Moses lived 120 years. [12] Of which spent forty years of wandering in the Sinai desert . Ancient tradition Moses mentions the Greek and Latin authors are not indicative of their familiarity with the Bible . According to Manetho , he initially was called Osarsif of Heliopolis [13] . According Heremonu, Tisifen his name, he was a contemporary of Joseph , whose name was Petesef [14] . Tacitus calls him by the legislator of the Jews [15] . The source used by Pompey the trough , called the son of Joseph and Moses Arruasa father, the king of the Jews [16] . According to Josephus, he was placed in command of the Egyptian army against efioplyan, invaded Egypt to its Memphis, and successfully defeated them (Drev. Vol. II, Ch. 10). Egyptian sources Ancient written sources and archaeological finds do not contain any information about Moses. Moses as the author Main articles: Tablets of the Law , the Pentateuch , the Bible Authorship Orthodox Jews believe that the Torah was given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai, and then he came down and saw the Jews worshiping the golden calf, broke the tablets in anger. After that, Moses returned to the top of the mountain and wrote the commandments himself. However, scientists [citation 1,108 days] believe that this monument of writing was written in the 5th century. BC. e., based on several earlier monuments. According to the Reform of the documentary hypothesis , in the Pentateuch , several authors, they are distinguished by certain characteristics. Moses in world religions In Judaism Moses ( Heb. משֶׁה, "Moshe") - the main prophet in Judaism , received from God the Torah atop Mount Sinai . It is considered the "father" (mostly) all subsequent prophets, as the level of his prophecy is the highest possible, as it is said: "If there is a prophet among you, I the Lord in a vision unto him in a dream, I say to him. Not so with my servant Moses, he trusted in all mine house. Mouth to mouth I speak with him, even apparently, and not in riddles, and he beholds the face of God. "( Num. 12:6-8 ). Your name (Moses usually say - Moshe Rabbeinu, that is "our teacher") he received from the educated him and saved the Egyptian princess, the daughter of Pharaoh, it means "taken out of the water" ( Exodus. 2:10 ). In Christianity, [->4] Moses was a prophet. Icon. Kargopol , 1590-ies. Moses - the great prophet of Israel, according to legend, author of the Bible ( the Pentateuch of Moses in the Old Testament ). At Mount Sinai received from God the Ten Commandments . In Christianity, Moses is considered one of the most important pre-images of Christ : how the world is revealed through Moses Old Testament, so through Christ in the Sermon on the Mount - the New Testament. At the time of the Transfiguration on Mount Tabor with Jesus were prophets Moses and Elijah . Icon of Moses is a prophetic rank Russian iconostasis . The memory of Moses celebrated Russian Orthodox Church on September 17 (New st.). Philo of Alexandria and Gregory of Nyssa made ​​detailed interpretation of the allegorical biography of the prophet. In Islam Main article: Musa In Muslim tradition, the name of Moses sounds like a Musa ( Arabic. موسى). He - one of the greatest of the prophets, the interlocutor of God, which was revealed Taurat (Torah). Musa - a prophet in Islam , one of the descendants of the Prophet Yaqub . He was born and lived for some time in Egypt . At that time there ruled Firaun (Pharaoh), who was an atheist. Moses fled from Pharaoh to the Prophet Shuaib , who at that time owned Madyanom. Moses and the Pharaoh of the Exodus: Version There are several versions as to when Moses was, in fact, lived and when made, these are very important for the actions of the Jewish people. The hypothesis of a complete myth of Moses and the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt is not currently supported by most scholars and historians [citation needed 871 days] , although "evidence of the historicity of Moses figure no" [17] Moses and Merneptah The troubled years of the reign of Merneptah is much more suited to the situation described in the "Exodus". It is doubtful that such a pharaoh, as Ramesses II , gave the Israelites go. The weakening of the empire began only when his son Merneptah. · Characteristically, the "Pharaoh-persecutor of" the Bible says about how to reign "a long time" [18] . And as you know, the reign of Ramses II was one of the longest in the history of Egypt (65). Exodus , the Bible says that is precisely when the son of Pharaoh's durable. · The Bible says: "Now there arose a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph , " and ordered the Jews to build the Egyptian city of Pithom , Rameses ( 1278 BC. e. , the new capital of Egypt, replacing Avaris - located 1 km from the capital of Egypt has XV Dynasty Hyksos ) [19] , and the Septuagint adds a third city - Heliopolis . The name of Rameses logical if these rules before Ramses II and praise the city for a long time of his reign. Moses lived in the royal palace (the capital of Avaris), near the construction site, where he killed the overseer. From this city ( Ex.. 12:37 ) the Jews and went east to Succoth . Specified in the Bible, the number of Jews who left - "600 thousand men," not counting women and children ( Exodus. 12:37 ) exceeded the population of Avaris three times that draws attention to the Papyrus Ipuwer describing the civil war with the Egyptians "Asians" (Hyksos ) and supposedly " ten plagues of Egypt . " What saith Merneptah stele ' The answer may be two. First, the pursuit of Israel could be part of a punitive campaign against Asians Merneptah: "" the children of Israel came out of the land of Mitzrayim (Egypt), "" ( Exodus. 13:18 ). Perhaps, by the seaside, an armed conflict in which the special circumstances helped Israel to withdraw from the chase. The claim that Israel was defeated, can easily be interpreted as the usual exaggeration of the victorious hymns. The same can be said about the song of Moses. [20] A second explanation can be found in the book. 1 Chronicles . [21] It is said that at the beginning of Israel dwelt in Egypt efraimity made ​​a trip to Palestine and, despite a number of setbacks, founded a few cities. In Genesis. 34 states that the Israelites conquered the city of Shechem, which later in the invasion of Canaan, Joshua took peacefully and made ​​their center. The fact that a part of Israel remained in Canaan, and the captivity of Jacob in Egypt, supported by reference to the military annals of Thutmose III (1502-1448) Iakovel Palestinian areas [22] . The Bible tells us that the new Pharaoh feared that the Jews would not have entered into an alliance with his enemies. [19] It is likely that there were meant tribesmen from Canaan that year were defeated Exodus Merneptah. After the conquest of Canaan, the Israelites both streams merged into one, as well as the "Moses core of the nation" characterized by greater spiritual power, it suppressed the more primitive Israelis Canaan. Antagonism of Israel and Judah may be an echo of the primordial duality of the people. By the above conclusions were reached shortly after the discovery of the stele of Merneptah. [23] At the present time, this view is gradually adopted. [24] There is speculation that the princess was good Termutis, daughter of Ramses II . See also: Joseph Fine # Historical identification of Joseph and Irsu Osarsif Osarsif - suggested name of Moses in ancient Egyptian sources. Mentioned Hellenistic historian Manetho in the non-safety work "History of Egypt", which cites Josephus in his polemical treatise " Contra Ap . " Moses and Akhenaten There is a theory which states that Moses has inherited the idea of monotheism from the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep IV Akhenaten (reigned about 1351-1334 years BC. e., XVIII dynasty ), known for his religious reforms and attempts to translate monotheism in Egypt. [25] probably Moses lived after Akhenaten. [26] [27] There is an opposite point of view, which is that on the contrary, the pharaoh Akhenaten have borrowed the idea of monotheism of the Jews who settled in Egypt, which, thanks to Joseph occupied a very high position in the state. The enmity of Egyptians against the Jews, which led to the exodus of the Jews from Egypt, began, in fact, a failed attempt to plant in Egypt monotheism . [ citation 1,109 days ] Moses, Thutmose II and Senmut There is also an amateur hypothesis that the princess-usynovitelnitsey was Hatshepsut , daughter of Thutmose I ( XVIII dynasty ), known later as a female pharaoh. [28] Moses was Pharaoh Thutmose II and / or Senmut , architect and possible lover of Hatshepsut. The author of the hypothesis that explains the absence of the mummy in the tomb of Thutmose II, in contrast to her image of a typical Egyptian, and the presence on the statue of Tuthmosis II is not Egyptian, Jewish and anthropological evidence. [29] Assumes referring to the large uncertainty in the genealogy of the royal era of Thutmose, Amenhotep, that the pharaohs had double names, that is, the same could not bear the name of the pharaoh "Amenhotep" and the title of "Thutmose," and, therefore, the pharaoh who ruled during adulthood Moses was Ahmose I , a pharaoh who ruled after the Exodus was Amenhotep III, whose first-born ( dead at " ten plagues ") was Tutankhamun . [->0] - http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c'depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%26num%3D100%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D860%26noj%3D1&rurl=translate.google.com.pk&sl=ru&u=http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB:The_Finding_of_Moses.jpg&usg=ALkJrhhF0XfR24Mcs2CSnlA9wtCyomQIhQ [->1] - http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c'depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%26num%3D100%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D860%26noj%3D1&rurl=translate.google.com.pk&sl=ru&u=http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB:Paolo_Veronese_005.jpg&usg=ALkJrhjm7cPP6ghH1MOfRXPWmzE0M6Ml4Q [->2] - http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c'depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%26num%3D100%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D860%26noj%3D1&rurl=translate.google.com.pk&sl=ru&u=http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB:Cirroferri_-_moisesfilhasjetro02.jpg&usg=ALkJrhife6oVyQtkvwUBX0_dgPl6u128SQ [->3] - http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c'depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%26num%3D100%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D860%26noj%3D1&rurl=translate.google.com.pk&sl=ru&u=http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_079.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiZOltJnyYejDwWderQ4i33FQTBIA [->4] - http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c'depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%26num%3D100%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D860%26noj%3D1&rurl=translate.google.com.pk&sl=ru&u=http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB:Moisey_prorok_ikona.jpg&usg=ALkJrhgebCev6WZmO0TaZ7LOWsoSg3G50w