Modern_Technology_Has_Increased_Material_Wealth_but_Not_Happiness

Unit 8: Science and technology I. Key Terms 1. Applied science : refers to scientific research that concentrates on the development of technology. 2. Interdisciplinary : involving two or more different subjects or areas of knowledge. 3. Industrial technology : refers to the technology that helps bring about our modern society. 4. Industrial assessment : an evaluation in which any proposed large-scale technology should be tested and evaluated before it is put to use. 5. Technology : refers to all the way use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and desire. 6. Automation : the introduction of computers and other machines as part of its operating system. 7. Anatomy : the branch of science that studies the physical structure of animals, plants, and other organism. 8. Breakthrough : an important new discovery, especially in science, medicine, or technology that has a dramatic and far-reaching effect. 9. Physical science : a science that studies non-living things, ex. Physics and chemistry. 10. Life science : a branch of science that is concerned with plants, animals, and other living organisms, ex: biology, botany, and zoology. 11. Geology : the study of the structure of the earth or another planet, esp. its rocks, soil, and minerals, and its history and origins. 12. Conquer : to overcome a difficulty, problem, or illness, ex: conquered his fear of heights and hoping to show that a zero tolerance policy can conquer street crime. 13. Monotonous : uninteresting or boring as a result of being repetitive and unwanted. 14. Social science : the study of society and the way people live. 15. Earth science : the scientific study of the structure, age, etc. of the Earth. 16. Political science : the study of how people get or complete for power and how it is used in governing a country. 17. Technological age : The way people work to obtain most of life’s necessities and many of its pleasure. II. Multiple-choice Questions Choose the best alternative for each of the following statements. Write your choices in the boxes provided. 1. Which of the following is NOT true' A. Science advances as scientists accumulate more detailed facts and gain better understanding. B. Science can be accepted as part of scientific knowledge though there is no verification by other studies. C. The word science is an originally Latin word scientia which means knowledge in English. 2. Science is distinct from other types of knowledge in that………… A. Its progress depends on new ideas expanding or replacing the old ones. B. It can be scientifically proved. C. It is always growing and improving. D. All of the above 3. In what way does science benefits people’s everyday lives' A. It transforms human lives B. It offers new sources for people to use C. It helps increase agricultural products. D. It helps people to be able to deal with infectious diseases. E. It can create life-saving machines to help save people’s lives. F. It leads to the development of destructive weaponry. G. The world will experience fuel shortage. H. All the above, except F and G. 4. How can science impact people’s philosophical thought' A. People no longer believe that nature creates everything. B. It leads people to analyze natural happening with reasons. C. It causes people to learn about their world and universe. D. All of the above. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of science' A. Physical science C. Earth science B. Mathematics D. Life science 6. What are the benefits of technologies providing to human beings' A. Increased production B. Reduced labor C. Easier labor D. Higher living standards E. All of the above 7. Which of the following descriptions does NOT refer to the undesirable effects of technology' A. Environmental degradation B. Loss of natural resources C. Fewer people feeding a lot of people D. More people losing jobs E. People having no pride F. None of the above G. All except C 8. Mechanization and automation directly lead to which of the following results' A. Depletion of the natural resources B. Environmental pollution C. Technological unemployment D. Job dissatisfaction 9. “Technology can be advantageous only if it fits in smoothly with a country’s culture.”Which challenge does this phrase refer to' A. Combating undesirable effects B. Preventing undesirable effects C. Spreading the benefits of technology D. None of the above E. All of the above 10. What benefits of technology is the phrase “high life expectancy” linked to' A. Easier labor B. Increased production C. High living standards D. Reduced labor Write your answers here. 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | B | D | H | D | C | E | C | C | C | C | III. Gap Filling Put in one word or phrase to make the meanings of these sentences complete. 1. A theory developed by a scientist cannot be accepted as part of scientific knowledge until it has been verified by the studies of other researches. 2. The development of antibiotics and other new drugs has helped control many infectious diseases. 3. In some cases, the so-called interdisciplinary fields come into being owing to the different sciences overlap. 4. Science attempts to explain why and how things happen while the word technology is sometimes used to describe a particular of industrial technology. 5. In early 1990s more and more farmers began using tractor and other machines powered gasoline or electricity. 6. The fumes from the cars and other vehicles polluted the air with Carbone Dioxide gas (CO2) and other impurities and so threatened human health. 7. The use of electrically powered machinery in the United States and other industrial countries has greatly increased factory production, but at the same time, it has reduced reserves of oil and other fossil fuels. 8. The most common types of technological unemployment occur as a result of mechanization that is the replacement of human works with machines. 9. Many factories and offices have introduced computers and other machines as part of self-operating system alias automation. 10. Modern technology brings about with its enormous such challenges as combating undesirable effect; prevent undesirable effect, and spreading the benefits of technology. 11. Developing a substitute technology may lead to undesirable effects and can be costly; for instance, many industries that develop this kind of technology pass the cost on to buyers in the form of higher prices. 12. The transfer of technological knowledge from developed nations to the developing ones is one of the chief challenges; doing this may affect those countries economic, political, and social values. IV. Comprehension Questions Answer the following questions by using the information you have learned from the unit. 1. What is the difference between science and technology' * Answer: - Science means to cover the broad field of knowledge that deal with observed facts and the relationships among those facts. * Technology refers to all the ways people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and desires. 2. How have modern science and technology changed our lives' * Answer: Modern science and technology have changed our lives in many dramatic ways. For example: airplanes take people go everywhere, automobiles make communicate with people easily, and satellites create world connection….. 3. How can scientist study by divided' * Mathematic and logic * Physical science * Life science * Social science 4. Through the ages, technology has benefited people in our four main ways. What are they' * Increased production * Reduced labor * Easier labor * Higher living standard 5. Why is said that people have always lived in technological age' * Answer: Because people have always had to work to obtain most of lives necessities and many of its pleasures. 6. What are the possible side-effects of technology' * Environmental pollution * The depletion of natural resource * Technological unemployment * The creation of unsatisfying jobs 7. List some measurements to combat the undesirable effects of existing technologies. * Answer: With helping from industry and government, they can be retrained to fill more highly skilled and possibly more interesting jobs 8. List some measurements taken to prevent unwanted effects in the development of new technologies. * Answer: Any proposed large sociable technology should be thoroughly tested and then evaluated before it is put into use. 9. Why does installing technology effectively require understanding the way it will affect a country’s economic, political, and social values' * Answer: Because the introduction of technology will increase undesirable effects and danger the quality of life. 10. How can science affect everyday life' * Answer: It provides the basic of much of modern technology, the tools, materials, techniques, and sources of power that make our lives and work easier.