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Cell Phone Negotiations Negotiations between different countries is difficult and many people may not understand how to approach such a situation. The differences between Chinese and American negotiation teams cannot be more different in their approach to negotiation, and according to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions each country of negotiators will have tactics that will work for each group. Gender Differences Gender differences play a huge role in any culture whether the culture is American or Chinese male and females are different in many ways. But gender differences between countries is even more interesting due to culture being so different, while throwing in gender differences. The all-male negotiating team from the United States is seeking a cell phone price of $6 per unit, while the all-female negotiating team from China offers cell phones with a $9 per unit price tag. Male American(s) can be more of a hardball type negotiators when it comes to negotiating, and with the individualistic dimension of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. According to "Individualism" (2013), " Individualism is the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family” (para. 1). The female Chinese negotiating team is different due to the female gentleness opposed to the male assertiveness. China itself is known to be a collectivistic society where business is more group based rather than individual based. Gender differences also play a role on unit prices of the cell phones the lower prices of $6 per unit shows that gentleness of the Chinese women, and how they think "group", and how this can benefit a group rather than themselves. On the other side the American males unit price is higher due to making as a much profit as possible to create the "better culture" for themselves. Personality Personality plays a huge role in negotiations of products for any country, and personality also is much different from country to country as well. Chinese and American negotiators personality and relationships will show through in the negotiation process of the units being sold by each team. Chinese personality is known to be very formal, and according to "Pre-Departure Orientation for Chinese Students" (2013) "People most comfortable in the presence of a hierarchy in which they know their position and the customs/rules for behavior in the situation." The Chinese personality will be great for Chinese to Chinese negotiations for the cell phone units because it will lead to a healthy business relationship. Also the Chinese negotiation team group relation will work well with others due to the caring relationships that they tend to have with others. The American negotiation team is more of an informal personal relationship where the "group" mentality is not so prevalent in the negotiation creation. American male negotiations coupled with personality relationships go hand in hand especially when the American negotiator is negotiating with people of similar stature that gives them an advantage. Each group has its positives and negatives when personality is entered into the mix of negotiation. Both can even work together, and at the same time they can work against each other as well. Negotiations is about personality, and how someone fits with the other person. Personality is a huge factor on the fit of one person versus another. Culture Culture may be the single most important factor in negotiating within both of the countries, because not only is the culture different but the genders are different. Cultural gender differences is vast between both countries, and the biggest mistake that any one of the negotiating teams can make is miscalculating the differences: Social structure: The social structure between Chinese and American negotiators is great. Chinese respect hierarchy and formalities while Americans are much less formal. Confrontation: Chinese do not like confrontation even over business, and American negotiators can come off as very confrontation due to the nature of American business practices. Morals: Chinese women/men place very high value on their morals and so do Americans, but the values that are kept close are what is different. The differences are even greater when American males negotiate while there are female Chinese negotiators. The culture of the Chinese clearly shows that the Chinese value that their per unit price of $6 is great due to the closeness of the ties with one another. The Americans on the other hand would like to negotiate for the best price, and look to the social structure, confrontation and morals to help achieve the desire outcome. Perception, Cognition, and Emotion Perception, cognition and emotion of the male American negotiating team and the female Chinese team is important. The perception of the Chinese team and of the American negotiation team will speak for itself when negotiating. People are working with and some may do their own research on the tactics of each country, so that they can be best suited for the encounter. Cognition is also important of the negotiating due to memory, and repeating back what the customer wants. Listening skills is key when negotiating due to BATNA(s) being reach from both sides, and knowing when to stop The American negotiation team due to their lack of wanting to have close relationships can hurt the negotiation process. Chinese women on the other value the relationship that has been created unless the customer does not want that type of care for the services. Emotion is also huge within the American culture due to being so individualistic when it comes to creating such a business empire. Americans show emotion whether that emotion is in the form of excitement or anger Americans are going to use the emotion for themselves. Chinese emotion is rather lacking, and is not showing in the buss aspect of negotiations. The lack of emotion can hurt in the sale of the equipment for each party. Conclusion Negotiations between different countries is difficult and many people may not understand how to approach such a situation. Negotiating is important for two main reasons, and each country is difference in its approach. First Chinese negotiators like to have relationship when it comes to business that each person has some sort of connection. Second the American understands that their form of negotiation or "playing hardball" will not get them the friends they are looking for but puts the customers mind at ease. References Individualism. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/individualism/ Pre-Departure Orientation for Chinese Students. (2013). Retrieved from http://china-nafsa.aief usa.org/culture/differences.htm