Meat

* The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari’a, the law of Islam. All Muslims believe Sharia is God’s Law , but differ as to what exactly it entails * After Muhammad dies, the umma tried to conduct itself according to his example. This became harder and harder to do, however, as those who knew Muhammad best passed away and many Arabs found themselves living in far off parts of the conquered territories. * Islam slowly developed laws to shape social and religious life. The full sense of Islamic Civilization, however, goes well beyond the five pillars. When it comes to law, some Muslim thinkers felt that the reasoned consideration of a mature and intelligent man-women were only heard in religious matters-provided the best way to resolve an issue not covered by the Quran. Others argued that the best guide was the sunna, or tradition, of the Prophet and that the best way to understand the sunna was to collect and study many reports in circulation purporting to describe the precise words or deeds of Muhammad. * These reports were called hadith , and it gradually became customary to precede each hadith with a statement indicating whom the speaker had hear it from, and so on, back to the Prophet personally. * The Sharia’h contains categories and subjects of Islamic law called the branches of fiqh, literally meaning understanding. They include Islamic worship, Family relations, Inheritance, Commerce, Property Law, Civil law, Criminal Law, Administration, Taxation, Constitution, International Relations, War and Ethics, and other categories (that I am too lazy to type up). * Names for a Muslim Jurist include Fuqaha, the class of scholars who dealt in theoretical Islamic Law and or the fiqh. * The Shari’ah is categorized into the following topics: 1 Purification, 2 Prayer, 3 The Funeral Prayer, 4 The Poor Tax, 5 Fasting, 6 The Pilgrimage, 7 Trade, 8 Inheritance, 9 Marriage, 10 Divorce, and 11 Justice. In some areas, there are substantial differences in the law between different schools of fiqh, countries, cultures and schools of thought. All these mainly show of how Muslim should live ideally. * The concept of justice embodied in Shari’ah is entirely different from that of secular Western law. Muslims believe the Shari’ah law has been revealed by God. In Islam, the laws that govern human affairs are just one fact of a universal set of laws governing nature itself. Violations of Islamic law are offenses against God and nature, including one's own human nature. Crime in Islam is sin. Whatever crime is committed, whatever punishment is prescribed for that crime in this world, one must ultimately answer to God on the Day of Judgement * A confession, an oath, or the oral testimony of a witness are the only evidence admissible in a Sharia court, written evidence is only admissible with the attestations of multiple, witnesses deemed reliable by the judge. Testimony must be from at least two witnesses, and preferably free Muslim male witnesses, who are not related parties and who are of sound mind and reliable character; testimony to establish the crime of adultery, or zina, must be from four direct witnesses. * In accordance with the Qur'an and several hadith, theft is punished by imprisonment or amputation of hands. So don’t steal. * In accordance with hadith, stoning to death is the penalty for married men and women who commit adultery.