Literature_&_Journalism

Literature Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Why do we read literature' Literature represents a language or a people: culture and tradition. But, literature is more important than just a historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature; we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow and evolve through our literary journey with books. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the author's message. In academic circles, this decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze literature, there is still an artistic quality to the works. Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. Journalistic Language The language of journalism is changing. The terms that define the components of the craft are in flux. The vocabulary of newspapers is under challenge by both critics of the industry’s rigidity and by evangelists for new forms of journalism. Nowadays a strong impact of mass media on every human being is an indisputable issue, the language being the main tool of this influence (especially for the printed media). Mass media discourse in general and newspaper discourse as one of its varieties have two main functions: to inform and to persuade the reader. Newspaper discourses with prevailing persuasion function are aimed at regulation of the addressee’s behaviour and thinking and are thus argumentative by their nature. Another characteristic feature of such newspaper discourses is their multi-dimensional dialogic nature. Alongside the dialogue between the text of the article and the reader, the former is also a reflection of dialogues existing in another ‘real’ communicative space. This reflection is formally expressed by inserting into the text the utterances of other people in the form of reported speech. Literary Language A literary language is a register of a language that is used in writing, and which often differs in lexicon and syntax from the language used in speech. English has such a register. Consider this sentence: few people would speak such a sentence aloud, unless they were reading from a prepared text. Now think about this --- there aren't hardly any real life situations where somebody's going to open their mouth, and the first thing that comes out is Consider this sentence. The second sentence attempts to mimic more closely the usage of a particular form of spoken English as it contrasts with written English. Comparing the two, it is apparent that literary English differs from spoken English in a number of particulars. • It is "formal;" which is to say, it is an acrolith. Contractions and similar spoken forms are avoided or are written out in full. • It uses a different lexicon. The verb considers appears more often in writing than it does in casual speech; the noun phrase such a sentence is again something that is much likelier to be written than spoken impromptu. By contrast, a phrase like there aren't hardly any is far likelier to be heard spoken aloud than written down; in writing, one is drawn instead to there are no. . . Who actually uses one as an epicene pronoun in real life, anyways' • It observes the rules of prescriptive grammar much more attentively than spoken English does. • It has a simplified syntax. This observation seems counterintuitive at first. Written documents may well contain complex sentences that contain multiple subordinate clauses and similar grammatical features. However, their basic structure tends to break down into simple subjects and predicates. Pronouns tend not to proliferate in writing as they do in speech; the methods of voice inflection and other disambiguating devices that clarify their referents are not available in writing. Long emphatic negating phrases like there aren't hardly any seldom occur in literary English, because while they seem more colloquial, they are syntactically complex. They too can be disambiguated in speech much easier than in writing