Lab_Report_Acid_Dyeing_of_Nylon

MATS-22012 PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION B (COLOUR) | Laboratory Report 1Dyeing Nylon with Acid Dyes | Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..…1Research…………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Types of Nylon…………………………………………………………............1 | Properties of Nylon………………………………………………………………2 | Absorption to acid dyes…………………………………………………………2 Experimental………………………………………………………………………………………2 Aims and Projects………………………………………………………………….2 Apparatus……………………………………………………………………………..3 | Calculation (Recipe 5)……………………………………………………………3 Method………………………………………………………………………………..4 Results and Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...4 References…………………………………………………………………………………………4 Product and Performance and Evaluation B (Colour) Laboratory 1 Acid Dyeing of Knitted Nylon Sample 1. Introduction: Nylon, one kind of man-made fibre containing –CO-NH-, is a commonly-used polymer, created by the group led by W H Carothers. It is a symbol of the textile industry coming into another era. The two most common type of nylon is nylon 6 and nylon 6.6. Acid dyeing is a way of dyeing fabric in the acidic dye bath. In this laboratory, the PH is about 5.5. Base on dyeing characteristics, Acid dyes are divided into 4 types according to the dyeing characteristics: (1) Levelling Acid Dyes (2) Fast Acid Dyes (3) Milling Acid Dyes (4) Super milling Acid dyes. Because of having amino groups in molecular main chain, it can be dyed with all kinds of acid dyes by combining dyes with amino groups through electrostatic reaction. In this laboratory session, the purpose is to introduce how to dye Nylon fabrics with acid dyeing in five different recipes. 2. Research: The absorption of different types of Nylons to acid dyes I Types of nylon: Nylon Fibres is formed from long-chained polyamides. So the number of carbon atoms in each unit of monomer or co-monomer is used to divide different types of nylon fibres. According to the carbon atoms in each monomer, there are Nylon 4, 5, 6,7,8,9,11,12,13. And according to the number of carbon atoms in diamine and diacid, there are Nylon 4-6, 6-6, 6-10, 6-13, 10-10, 13-13. In the market, commonly –used nylon fibres are Nylon 6and Nylon 6.6. Below is the introduction about these two. (1) Nylon 6: Heating caprolactam with water will produce Nylon 6. (2) Nylon 6.6: Heating the solution which contains and will produce the nylon 6.6. II Properties of Nylon fibres: All nylon fibres including nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 have similar properties. Nylon is a kind of strong, tough, nontoxic and good quality in tenacity, abrasive resistance, heat resistance and cold resistance. What’s more, Nylon is easy to dye and hard to be damaged by external force and other solvents. However, Nylon will be damaged by touching strong acids. Here shows the comparison between Nylon 6 and Nylon 6.6. | Nylon 6 | Nylon 6.6 | Tightness | < | | Strength | < | | Heat Resistance | < | | Resilience | < | | Dyeing Saturation Value | > | | Toughness | > | | Process ability | > | | Softness | > | | III Absorption to acid dyes: In general, what happed in the pot is: (1) Aid dyes diffuse into fibre surface (2) Adsorb in the surface of fibre (3) Diffuse from the surface to the inside In this process, the chemical reactions below are involved. (D- Represents a dye anion) HOOC-Nylon-NH2 + H+ +X- HOOC-Nylon-NH+X- HOOC-Nylon-NH3+X- + Dye- HOOC-Nylon-NH3+Dye- + X- Because of the limited amino number of nylon and the nature of more hydrophobic, the dyeing absorption is different from wool and also different from different kinds of nylons. The content of amino group of Nylon6-6 is 0.03 mol/kg~0.05mol/kg and the content of Nylon 6 is 0.098mol/kg. The dyes can not be absorbed all because it is not hard to saturate the ammonium ions with acid dye anions For Nylon 6-6, the percentage of maximum dye adsorption of a trisulphonate dye ids 30%. And the other types of Nylon all are below 50%. There are many other factors affecting the absorption to acid dyes: temperature, PH, liquor ratio and other factors. 3. Experimental: 3.1 Aims and Objectives: This experiment is to understand the process of dye Nylon with acid dyes, which stock solution, should be added into the tube first, which measuring cylinder should be chose to measure the different required volume and why different recipe can make the almost same colour. Also, how much time needed in different temperature is also need to be acquired. 3.2 Apparatus: 1. A piece of knitted undyed Nylon fabric (4gm) 2. Stock Solutions: Stock Solution | Concentration | Intratex B | 1.0% | Ammonium Sulphate | 1.0% | NyLanthrene Red B-2BSA | 1.0% | Nylanthrene Yellow B-4NGL | 1.0% | Nylanthrene Yellow B-4RKN | 1.0% | Nylanthrene Blue B-2RF | 0.1% | Nylanthrene Blue 2-GL | 0.1% | Nylanthrene Blue B-NL | 0.1% | 3.3 Calculation (Recipe 5): 1. The Formula: Volume Required = Weight of Material (in GM) * %Shade Required / (In ML) Percentage Concentration of the Stock Solution 2. Volume Required of Intratex B = 4g * 1% / 1% = 4mls 3. Volume Required of Ammonium Sulphate =4g *2(g/L) / 1%= 8mls 4. Volume Required of NyLanthrene Red B-2BSA =4g *1.9263% / 1% = 7.7052mls 5. Volume Required of Nylanthrene Yellow B-4NGL = 4g *0.6027% / 1% = 2.4108mls 6. Volume Required of Nylanthrene Yellow B-4RKN = 0mls 7. Volume Required of Nylanthrene Blue B-2RF =0mls 8. Volume Required of Nylanthrene Blue 2-GL =0mls 9. Volume Required of Nylanthrene Blue B-NL =4g *0.0258% /0.1% =1.032mls 10. Volume Required of Water =40-4-8-7.7-2.41-1=16.85mls 3.4 Method: 1. Use small and accurate measuring cylinder to measure Nylanthrene Yellow B-4NGL (2.41mls). However, Nylanthrene Red B-2BSA (7.70mls) can not be measured by the accurate one because it exceeds the range. 3. Put the solution into the plastic pot which is supplied. When you measure another solution, do not need to wash the measuring cylinder because it still will be mixed in the plastic pot. 4. Shake the pot evenly and put the fibre into it. 5. Remember the number of the pot and hand it to the instructor. 6. the instructor put the pot into dyeing machine, set the right time at the right temperature, 10 minutes at 40℃ and rise 2℃ every minute for 30 minutes to reach 100℃. 7. Make it cool for a while and take it out carefully to rinse in warm water while squeezing it for several minutes. 8. Squeeze to dry. 4. Results and Conclusion: Five Nylon Fibres all became red, very similar, but, some pieces of fabric are darker and some pieces are lighter. The colour of our fibre is in the middle. This confirms that dyeing one type of colour can be dyed with 5 different recipes. Although Nylon fabrics can be dyed with all kinds of acid dyes(including weak and strong acid dyes), metal complex dyes, mordant dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes and direct dyes, milling dyes is the best choice because the structure of nylon. With the weekly acid dyes (PH=5-7), the fabric will have a high quality in washing fastness. 5. Reference: 1. Arthur D Broadbent, 2001, “Basic Principles of Textile Coloration”, Society of Dyers and Colourists, Thanet Press Ltd ,Kent, ISBN 0901956767, Page 54-56,240-241, 268-280. 2. Howard L Needles, 1986, “Textile Fibres, Dyes, Fishes, and Processes”, Noyes Publication, ISBN: 0815510764, Page 69-72, Page 165-169 3. Michael D. Radencich, Wayne Luallen, 1997, “Tying the Classic Salmon Fly: A Modern Approach to Traditional Techniques”, STACKPOLE BOOKS, Page 108-110 4. E.Atherton, D.A.Doweney and R.H.Peters, 1955, Studies of Dyeing Nylon with Acid Dyes, Textile Research Journal. 5. http://www.ehow.com/list_7617480_difference-nylon-6-nylon-66.html