International_Business_Practice

On Chinese modern landscape design trend Intruduction As the result of the interaction between humans and nature , landscapes bear witness to past and present relationships between human beings and their environment. Chinese traditional Landscapes are part of cultural heritage and key components of local, regional and national identities. Though they are perfect as merits of world landscap designs ,but it has its own shortages as huxiaoyu said:Chinese traditional lanscape had gradually develped in to full fulfillment and reached the summit in China. But along with the curruption of feudal socialty ,it ended its step to grow. Chinese traditional landscapes are bonded by limited space , egoist mindset,prejudice favor to small scenery and details,thus there are few scope for creating and changing. The situation is the traditional landscape can’t catch up our modernization. It can’t fullfil the public taste. So as a result ,we blindly adopt western style without considered the regional situation. Just as zhou point out:the landscape styles of residential districts are the same all the way without any local charateristics. And some are even blindly and completely imitating Western classical landscape design, such as setting their classical pillars and status in order to creat luxury and extravagent atomosp here. Ignoring the regional situation will not only result in heavy costs but also bring damage to people’s cultural-identification. For example the heavy costs in plants as zhouwenjuan point out “blindly import precious plants” will costs lots of labor and money while the growing speed of the plants are slow and can’t ideal landscape vision in short time.” In some aspect ,the western style is far better than our traditional ones, so we have enough reasons to admire and adopt their merits ,but total cut off our past and our unique characters are meanless. We are willng to find our identity though the architectures ,espacial our identity for culture and history ,even the plants have their special meaning. Which kind of landscape design concept is better . John, a famous young architect said: “My design process is always the same ,whether we’re designing a piece of furniture , a roof garden, or a building, the design process is modeled on the way that nature drives evolution through natural selection, our process is very iterative,first ,we do lots of studies and then we stand back and study them bearing in mind the project demands and circumstances, we put many things on the table and let the project itself decide on the right direction .it’s similar to how nature creats random genetic variation and then the environment determines which is the best adaption.” He design his works as nature as possible,and his project plan is well prepared. Allison Collions said “Throught the planning and design process the planning team prioritized this information based on the input they received from the public through an online survey, stakeholder interviews and an on-site open house; and honed the direction with the guidance of the project steering committee.” This design has the quality of humanization for considering people’s paticipation . They combine nature idea and humanization into their design , which we haven’t pay high attention to as zhou said: “Our landscape design usually happened after the completement of architect projects,playing a subodination role ,while foreign design gives much attentions to landscape design before they start to establish the architecture projects.” So we have to adopt naturalism,regionalism and humanization in our landscape design. Naturalistic Trend A. different attitude toward naturalistic trend between China and Western countries. B. Naturalistic trend find in American rain forest. Naturalistic has little relationship with naturalism. It means copying and showing things as they appear in the natural world as defined in Oxford Advanded Dictionary,rather than “a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment”as defined American Literature,where people are afraid of nature. But the Romaticism has great influence on natural landscape design for it admire nature beauty . So in different times the western people have opposite view about nature. While in China , we hold the daoism idea that the relationship between human and nature are always hamony till now. Naturalistic quality of Olymic Rain forest as following “lines of enormous trees straddle enormous moldering logs, their combined ages enough to bridge history to before the American Revolution, to before Columbus sailed West, even to before the Norman Conquest”and“You can walk inside the trunk of Quinault cedar, a rotted-out giant. You can sride across the inside of this tree for nine long steps,and around its perimeter for thirty-seven steps.” impress us most. We never frighten by the rotted trunk instead of admiring its long history. Because the established naturalistic atmosphere make us move closer to the nature and understand nature and ourselves better. Regionalism Trend A. the definition of reginoalism B. Regionalism Trend find in Chile vineyard American Traditional Dictionary define Regionalism as “ A feature, such as an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographic area;the use of regional characteristics, as of locale, custom, or speech, in literature or art.” It has something related with American Regionalism or local colorism as saying “ they worked from personal experience to record the facts of a local environment and suggested that the native life was shaped by the curious conditions of the local.” landscape design should focus on both geographic area and local culture area to achieve regional hamony. American Traditional Dictionary define Regionalism as “ A feature, such as an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographic area;the use of regional characteristics, as of locale, custom, or speech, in literature or art.” It has something related with American Regionalism or local colorism as saying “ they worked from personal experience to record the facts of a local environment and suggested that the native life was shaped by the curious conditions of the local.” landscape design should focus on both geographic area and local culture area to achieve regional hamony. Humanization A. the nesessary of adopting Humanization trend B. Humanization trend find in John’s roof garden design Each kind of architecture is regarded as the home of us so dwelling on the home is the process of hamonious connection between human and nature. So the landscapes are the result of people ‘s activity that they are adapting, creating and reforming natural surroundings in order to survive and living. It is necessary to adopt humanization ideology in landscape design as Wang Xiuhua said: “it is natural to call for humanization design and naturalistic for people’s need them. In our daily life we need a place to communicate, do exercise for relaxing and find our places among our surroundings by confronting with challeages ,searching for mutual-understanding and security.” John shows humanization in his roof garden design as “ the roof garden really changed their whole mindset about beign outside and its possibilities. A lot of them don’t have much expierece with the great outdoors:they’ve never been to a farm ,or see a potato grow so it’s kind of a revelation to see where food comes from and then to actuall harvest it themselves.changing these kids’s perceptions of the natural environment has has an enormous impact.”and “Architecture doesn’t end with the building façade-its influence continues into the surrounding environment.I want a constuctive educational environment –a horiculcual classroom where kid’s could spend their free time.” He carefully considered the childen’s need and the school’s requirement for an education enviroment. Thus the roof garden served as home greatly connect human and nature. The reflection on nature and culture and human’s role. A. nature B. culture Nature We should creat nature image and imitate nature in our design. Because Chinese cherished nature since ancient times as Daosim theory “understanding nature as Daoist”which means we should admire nature and live hamonily with nature. Imitating nature is the must way resulting from modernization especially in China. The huge population of China made true nature too luxury for city citizen. While imitating nature way of design could fullfil city residents’ persuing and longing for mother nature after they are tired for city lives by showing the vivid nature environment. As for culture,we should carry on our traditional merits while dig up local color. The social development calls for architectures bears Chinese characters and modernization on the base of Chinese tradition,so we should combine traditional theory , philosophy, and modern function and architect form together. At the same time the landscape should be suit for local fuction and form. As the saying goes “people form different places bear different culture” , so it is true to good landscape design. Conclusion So what kind of landscape design is suit for Chinese' The one that bears Chinese character and catching up the pace of modernization. So we should base on our own culture ,creat naturalistic, regional architecture concerning people’s need. 参考文献 涂以全.城市园林设计中的植物配置[J].城市问题,2004(4):31-32 胡晓宇.中国江南私家园林与英国自然风景式园林风格比较初探[D].重庆：重庆大学建筑城规学院,2007. 周文娟.现代城市居住小区生态景观的营造[D].南京：南京林业大学,2009 Zheng, B., et al., Preference to home landscape: wildness or neatness' Landscape Urban Plan. (2010) Collions,Allison. Living history—Dorris Ranch Master Plan. Landscape design.2010(7):34 Shimo,Alexandra.Design powered by nature –an interview with John Ronan ,Architect. Landscape design.2010(7):19-21 Artecho.Emerging urban agriculture—edible graden. Landscape design.2010(7):52 Martignoni,Jmena.A outlook of biodynamic agriculture-vineyard in chile. Landscape design.2010(7):29 O¨ zgu¨ner, H., Kendle, A.D. and Bisgrove, R.J. Attitudes of landscape professionals towards naturalistic versus formal urban landscapes in the UK. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2007:34-45