Impacts_of_Migration

Philani phungula 210521145 Impacts of migration on places of origin and destination Migration is the movement of people from their own original area to another area, whether in groups or travelling alone. People migrate for different reasons but whatever their reason is the area that thy migrate to is perceived to have pull factors (jobs, better health care and of unemployment and civil wars) and the areas places that they emigrate from are perceived to have push factors (low living standards, high rate of unemployment and civil wars) .This essay seeks to put in contrast the impacts of migration in southern African countries Migration has advantages and disadvantages for both the country that people leave behind and the countries that they go to. For instance when a large number of intellectuals leave a country in favour of another country ,the country that they leave will not develop properly because all the people who are educated enough to help a country develop and be productive are all gone, this is the case in south Africa ,every year thousands of varsity graduates pack their bags and go over seas for better paying jobs(Dalen and Esveld,2003.37 ).Another pull factor for the countries abroad like the USA, Britain and the majority of Europe is that that their standard of living is very high as compared to that of developing nations which means better health care, free education and even better pensions ,but for 3rd world countries their push factors are ,high levels of crime and unequal distribution of basic human facilities like health care and education. For most southern African countries there are serious life threatening push factors that force people to migrate to other countries, these push factors are civil wars, natural disasters and starvation. In Rwanda there was a civil war in the 1990s between two ethnic groups the Tutsis and the Hutus, the Hutus were the majority so they had the upper hand and they killed a lot of Tutsis so the people belonging to the ethnic group of Tutsis had to flee the country in search of safety from prosecution( Murphy,2000,95) , in Zimbabwe the currency has been devalued so much that it almost worthless compared to other countries economies as a result jobs are no jobs available people are tired of starvation so they emigrate from this country into neighbouring countries like South Africa and Zambia. Immigrants face big challenges when they reach their destination because locals are usually suspicious of them, local residents accuse immigrants of promoting cheap labour as they are willing to take any available jobs, immigrants are also accused of bringing diseases with them like HIV and aids (kleemens and Klugman, 2009), but sometimes these claims can be dismissed as stereotypes because a country that has a high influx of immigrants will boast a large variety of skill in terms of human labour, therefore that country will be more productive as a result the economy of that country will rise ,the interaction of people from different ethnic backgrounds and cultures also can be very advantageous as the exchange of different languages and ideas on how to handle day to day life situations will help people to enhance their communicating repertoires. Migration for most Southern Africans is usually involuntary because people in these regions migrate because of life threatening push factors like civil wars that seem to go on and on, killing millions of people every year so to avoid this situation most people emigrate to places they see as greener pastures, when they arrive in these ‘greener pastures they face many difficulties like being stereotyped and being accused of stealing jobs. Migration does have it advantages for the receiving country as it gets an extra hand of labour therefore increasing it output and production which means it economy will rise. Reference Dalen, hp and Veldt .2003.37.migratie out of Africa: what drives people to migrate; Tinbergen institute discussion paper Amsterdam; Tinbergen institute Murphy DB, 2000.Human geography: culture, society and space London: John Wiley and sons Kleeman and klugman. Human development report, overcoming Human Barriers: human mobility and development.2009