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Darwin &Wallace Finch’s beak size. 1. The three types of seed that finches can eat are hard seeds, medium seeds and soft seeds 2. The precipitation affects the seeds in different way. If there is no precipitation then there are a lot of hard seeds and no medium or soft seeds. If there is medium precipitation, which is measured by 50 cm then the medium seed is in abundance with 50%, the hard seed is about 25% abundant and soft seed is 25% in abundance. When there is 100% precipitation the soft seed is 100% abundance. 3. If the finches have little beaks then they can only eat soft seeds because the soft seeds are smaller. The smaller beaked finches might be able to eat some medium seeds but they will stick mostly to the soft seeds because it is the easiest to eat for the small beak finches. The large beak finches with are able to eat the hard seeds and the medium seeds but no soft seeds because they don’t be able to get them with their huge beaks. 4. Check the attached papers 5. The larger beaked finches will be able to have a faster growing population and the smaller beaked finches will have a population that grows slower but over time their beaks will grow large. 6. a. Darwin’s finches started out in 1997 with small beaks and the population grew slowly and in the first 100 years the beak size only grew by 4.00 mm but the population only grew by an average of 138 finches. After the 100-year mark the beaks grew from 14 mm to 16-22cm in the next 150 years and the population grew by an average of 325 finches. b. Wallace’s finches started out in 1997 with large beaks and the population grew super fast in two year from 200 to 743 and their beak size only dropped in size by and average of .20 mm. In the next 248 years the finches beak size only fluctuated by .60 mm on average but the population fluctuated from 781 to 877 after the first two years. 7. The types of seeds change in abundance due to the precipitation so if there is 100% precipitation then there will only soft seeds which means the Darwin’s finches will only have small beaks but if there is no precipitation then there will only be hard seeds which means Darwin’s finches will have to evolve to have bigger beaks. 8. There was little low rainfall on Darwin Island, which only produced hard seeds. The beak size started out at 11.99 mm with a population of 200 finches. Over the next 250 years the beak size slowly increased in size by an average of 1 mm in the first 100 years then after the first 100 years the beak size increased by an average of 3.33 mm in the next 150 years. 9. There is low rainfall on Darwin island there is going to be only hard seeds which means the beak sizes are going to have to increase to be able to eat the hard seeds. There is medium rainfall on Wallace island which means there is going to be 50% medium seeds, 25% of hard seeds and 25% of soft seeds so the beak size of Wallace finches aren’t going to change that much over time because there is a wide variety of seed types. 10. Darwin finches are going through a directional selection because they are trying to evolve to eat the hard seeds because there is low rainfall on their island. Wallace finches are going through stabilizing selection because there is a wide variety of hard, medium, and soft seeds to eat but all the finches started out with smaller beak so some of the finches evolved to eat hard seeds and some evolved to eat medium seed then all of them eat soft seeds. When we look at the data we see a huge jump in Darwin finches of beak size because they can only eat hard seeds. We see a steady climb in beak size of Wallace finches because they all don’t need to adapt to eat just one seed but they can spread out this is kind of like resource partitioning. 11. Increasing the island size is going to allow for more seeds to be in abundance because there is more area which is going to allow the finch population to grow but also the finches will have to evolve their beak size because the precipitation is only 20 cm/year which means there is a lot of hard seeds, some medium seeds and very few soft seeds. 12. The beak size in both populations of finches went up to reach an average of 23mm in size. The population of the Wallace Island, which was the bigger of the two islands, increased to reach an average of 1200 finches after 250 years. Darwin Island was the smaller of the two islands and even though the beak size had a similar average growth the population did not grow over an average of 385 finches over that 250 year. 13. High rainfall and a big island space on Darwin Island the population is going to be able to grow but the beak size is going to stay the same. Low rainfall and big island space on Wallace Island are going to allow the population to grow but the population is going to need to evolve and grow bigger beaks. 14. The experiment that was performed was Darwin Island had high rainfall and a large island space and the Wallace Island has low rainfall with big island space. Because there were high rainfall the finches on Darwin Island had the same average beak size over the 250 years with fluctuation between an average of 9mm and 11mm. The Wallace Island had low rainfall, which means there were only hard seeds, which forces the Darwin finches to evolve to have bigger beaks. The beak size on Wallace Island grew from an average of 12mm to an average of 27mm to adapt of the large seeds. Both populations grew in size because the island’s size allowed them to do this. Both started out with 200 finches and Darwin finches grew to about 1700 and Wallace finches grew to about 1450 finches. There is only a 250 finch difference between the two population which isn’t much the thing that changed the most was the beak size.