Hca_220_Appendix_F

Axia College Material Appendix F Identifying Anatomical Structures Ch. 3, 4, & 5 Complete activities I, II, & III. I. Use the diagrams on pp. 103-104 to complete sections A, B, & C. A. C. 1 Oral Cavity 1 Liver 2 Teeth 2 duodenum 3 Tongue 3 ascending colon 4 Sublingual Gland 4 cecum 5 Submandibular Gland 5 appendix 6 Parotid Gland 6 rectum 7 Pharynx 7 anus 8 Esophagus 8 Transverse colon B. 9 Descending colon 1 Esophagus 10 Sigmoid colon 2 Cardiac sphincter 11 ileum 3 Fundus 12 stomach 4 Body of the stomach 13 spleen 5 Pylorus 14 jejunum 6 Pyloric Sphincter 7 Pancreas 8 Duodenum 9 Omentum 10 Antrum 11 Rugae 12 cardia Determine the primary function of the following system components. Structure Function- What is the purpose of the body part' 1 Tongue- The primary function of the tongue is to mix food with saliva; the beginning of the process of digestion. It also is needed for verbal communication. 2 Submandibular gland The primary function of the submandibular gland is the production of saliva. It also contracts and expands depending on the amount of food entered. 3 Rugae The primary function of the rugae is to increase surface area of the organ. This allows the stomach to expand when filled with food. The rugae of the oral cavity aids in bringing saliva into the oral cavity. 4 Cardiac sphincter The primary function of the cardiac sphincter is to prevent food from re-entering the esophagus. The cardiac and pyloric sphincters work together to keep food within the stomach to completely digest it. 5 Duodenum The primary function of the duodenum is to produce mucus that aids in the process of digestion. The duodenum completes the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 6 Omentum The primary function of the omentum is to support and protect the stomach and small intestine. 7 Liver The primary function of the liver is to aid in digestion; detoxification. The liver helps the body to rid itself of impurities. The liver also decomposes red blood cells and produces needed hormones, as well as many other functions. 8 Pharynx The primary function of the pharynx is to act as a tunnel, allowing food (nutrition) to reach the esophagus and eventually the stomach. The pharynx is also active in inhalation and exhalation. II. Use the diagrams on p. 166 to complete sections A & B. A. B. 1 Nasal cavity 1 Bronchiole 2 Pharynx 2 Cluster of alveoli 3 Larynx 3 Carbon dioxide 4 Apex of lung 4 Oxygen 5 Rib 5 Capillary 6 Bronchus 6 Red Blood Cell 7 Sternum 8 Base of lung 9 Trachea 10 Cluster of alveoli 11 Bronchioles 12 Diaphragm Determine the primary function of the following system components. Structure Function- What is the purpose of the body part' 1 Cluster of alveoli Is the location where oxygen is exchanged into the blood stream. 2 Bronchioles The passageways for air to flow through the lungs. 3 Oxygen Oxygen is the inhaled air that moves from the alveoli into the blood. Oxygen is essential for the formation of the compound oxyhemoglobin. Oxyhemoglobin is distributed throughout the body for various uses. 4 Trachea A passageway that carries air to and from the bronchi. 5 Larynx This is also a passageway for inhaled and exhaled air. It is also the home of the vocal chords (essential for speech). 6 Carbon dioxide This is the waste product of cellular metabolism. 7 Red blood cell Red blood cells act as te carrier for oxygen to every cell in te body. 8 Mainstem bronchus To disperse needed air to the body. Within the mainstem bronchus, there are tiny hairlike structures (known as cilia) that capture and force particles (unwanted micros) out of the lungs. (coughing) 9 Diaphragm The diaphragm is the divider between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is a muscular sheet that contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity and draw in air. 10 Capillary The capillary is used to transfer oxygen into the blood in exchange for the release of CO2 out of the blood.   III. Use the diagrams on pp. 224-225 to complete sections A, B, & C. A. C. 1 Aorta 1 Aortic Arch 2 Superior vena cava 2 Ascending Aorta 3 Pulmonary Valve 3 Thoracic Aorta 4 Right Atrium 4 Brachial Artery 5 Tricuspid Valve 5 Radial Artery 6 Inferior vena cava 6 Ulnar Artery 7 Right Ventricle 7 Peroneal Artery 8 Apex 8 Posterior Tibial Artery 9 Interventricular septum 9 Posterior Tibial Artery 10 Left ventricle 10 Popliteal Artery 11 Chordate tendinae 11 Femoral Artery 12 Aortic Valve 12 External iliac artery 13 Mitral Valve 13 Internal iliac artery 14 Left Atrium 14 Common iliac artery 15 Pulmonary Artery 15 Abdominal Aorta B. 16 Renal Artery 1 AV Node 17 Coronary Artery 2 SA Node 18 Axillary Artery 3 Bundle of His 19 Subclavean Artery 4 Bundle branches 20 Common carotid artery 5 Purkinje fibers 21 Internal carotid artery Determine the primary function of the following system components. Structure Function- What is the purpose of the body part' 1 Brachial artery To carry blood to the upper arm. 2 Radial artery To carry blood to lower arm and along the side by the thumb. 3 Sinoatrial (SA) node This is the pacemaker of the heart. It originates the electrical impulse for the entire conduction system of the heart. 4 Aorta Receives blood from the left ventricle of the heart. There are four parts to the aorta; thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, ascending aorta, and the aortic arch. 5 Pulmonary valve Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It opens to allow blood to flow into the pulmonary artery and then closes to prevent the blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. 6 Chordae tendinae This supports the tricuspid and mitral valve and keeps their leaflets closed whne ventricles contract. 7 Atrioventricular (AV) node Is part of the conduction system of the heart. It acts as a receiving point for the electrical impulses from the SA node. 8 Left ventricle Acts as the main pump for the movement of blood throughout the body. 9 Right ventricle Is responsible for pumping blood into pulmonary arteries and then to the lungs. 10 Inferior vena cava Is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the human body, back into the right atrium of the heart.