Havard_Referencing_Style

HARVARD REFENCING STYLE REFERENCE LIST Article: Periodical - journal has a volume number and an issue number Author. Date. Title of article. Title of journal, volume of journal (number of issue):page reference, date of issue. |Harvard |a) Kruger, J.P. 2008. Sexism in advertising. Communicare, 7(3):12-15, March 11. | |example | | | |* b) Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. 1993. The ADA and the hiring process in organisations. | | |Consulting psychology journal: practice and research, 45(2):10-36. | |Notes |A journal article indicating journal title, volume (=7), issue number (=3), page | | |numbers (=12-15) and date (=March 11). | | |NB. The title of the journal is italicised, NOT the title of the article. | | |Example b) In-text referencing: (Klimoski & Palmer, 1993:13) | Examples marked * from: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (1994). 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. REFERENCE LIST Article: Periodical - journal has a seasonal date Author. Date. Title of article. Title of journal, volume or number of issue: page reference, Season. |Harvard |Lee, S.T. 2007. The semantics of advertising. Psychology today, 19:34-37, Fall. | |example | | |Notes |The season, "Fall", follows the page reference. | REFERENCE LIST Book: Single author Author. Date. Title: subtitle. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |Chase, J.A. 1979. Advertising: the hits and myths. New York: Doubleday. | |example | | |Notes |The subtitle: a colon after the title, space and then the subtitle. | | |The subtitle starts with a lower case letter (...: the hits..) | | |Place of publisher needs to be name of city and not country | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: Single author |Harvard |Chase (1978:100) explains that... | |examples |According to Chase (1978:100) this means that ... | | |....(Chase 1978:100) | |Notes |If you have made the author's name part of your sentence, only the year and page | | |number are bracketed | | |if the author's name is not part of your sentence, the author's surname, as well as | | |the year and page number are bracketed | REFERENCE LIST Book: Multiple authors Authors. Date. Title: subtitle. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |a) Henderson, R.S., Smith, P.G., Rossiter, I. & King, P.Q. 1987. The tenets of moral | |example |philosophy. New York: Van Nostrand. | |Note |The ampersand (&) before the last name. | | |NB. Your in-text reference would read: (Henderson et al., 1987:64). However do not use | | |"et al" in your reference list. | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: Multiple Authors |Harvard |Henderson, Smith, Rossiter and King (1987:64) argue that.... | |examples |According to Henderson, Smith, Rossiter and King (1987:64).... | | |....(Henderson, Smith, Rossiter & King (1987:64). | | |....(Henderson et al 1987:64). | |Notes |IWithin the text. the word 'and' is used but within brackets and in your reference | | |list, the ampersand (&) is used. | | |The first mention of multiple authors in a text gives ALL the surnames, in the same | | |order as given in the book but for the second any subsequent mentions the in-text | | |reference would read: Henderson et al (no italics, no full stop) which means | | |Henderson 'and the others' (Latin). | | |Note the position of the full stop. | Book: Multiple authors (using full name in reference list) Authors. Date. Title: subtitle. Place of Publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |a) Van Schalkwyk, Piet, Lotter, Bill C. & Van Wyk, Chris S. 1986. Language | |example |communication. Cape Town:ABC Publishers. | | | | | |b) Henderson, Ron S., Smith, Peter G., Rossiter, Ina C. & King, Paul Q. 1987. The | | |tenets of moral philosophy. New York:Van Nostrand. | |Notes |There is no full stop after a full name. | REFERENCE LIST Book: No author Title. Date. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |Advertising in the Western Cape. 2006. Cape Town: ABC Publishers. | |example | | |Notes |When no author is known, start with the title. | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: No author |Harvard |.... (Advertising in the Western Cape 2006:63-68). | |examples | | |Notes |When no author is known, use title. | | |Note the position of the full stop. | REFERENCE LIST Book: Chapter from a book with different contributors Authors. Date. Title: subtitle of the chapter. In Editors of book (eds.), Title of book. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. Page references. |Harvard |a) Bjork, R. A. 2008. Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In| |example |Roediger, H.L. & Craik, F.I.M. (eds.), Variety of memory & consciousness. Hillsdale, | | |NJ: Erlbaum. p. 309-330. | | | | | |b) Puttnam, R.A. 2007. The place of values in a world of facts. In Duff, A. & Smithson,| | |W.O., (eds). The nature of the physical universe. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: | | |Prentice-Hall. p. 124-139. | |Notes |You have consulted a chapter of the book. The chapter is by one person (or more) and | | |the book by another (or more). | | |The title of the book is in italics, NOT the title of the chapter. | | |NJ = State of New Jersey in the USA. | | |Name(s) of the editor(s) of the book is given in inverted format (Last name, First | | |Name). | REFERENCE LIST Book: Chapter or article in book Author. Date. Title: subtitle of the chapter. In Editors of book (eds.), Title of book (page references). Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |Blaxter, M. 2008. Social class and health inequalities. In C. Carter & J. Peel. (eds). | |example |Equalities and inequalities in health (120-135). London: Academic Press. | |Notes |Blaxter is cited in the text (see below for in-text reference) | | |when editor is not in author position, name and initials are not inverted. | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: Chapter or article in book |Harvard |Blaxter (in Carter & Peel 2008:120) explains that .... | |examples |.... (Blaxter in Carter & Peel 2008:120) | | |  | |Notes |Always mention the secondary source (in this case Carter and Peel) but make sure | | |that your main in-text reference corresponds with the entry in your reference list. | | |Note the position of the full stop in the second example. | REFERENCE LIST Book: Edition other than the first Authors. Date. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |a) Brunner, H. 2006. Hieroglyphic writing: the Egyptian legacy. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford | |example |University Press. | | | | | |b) Mitchell, T. R, & Larson, J. R. 2004. People in organizations: an introduction to | | |organizational behavior. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. | |Notes |Subtitle: separated from the title with a colon. | | |The first word of the subtitle starts with a lower case letter. | | |The title ends with a full stop before the edition (3rd rev. ed.) statement. | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: Edition other than first |Harvard |Brunner (2006:46) explains that | |examples |.... (Brunner 2006:46). | |Note |Note the position of the full stop in the second example | REFERENCE LIST Book: Editors (or compilers) Authors/editors. Date. Title: subtitle. Place: Publisher. |Harvard |Gardner, B.P. & Smith, G. (eds). 2008. Child psychology: an introductory guide for | |example |parents and teachers. Harmondsworth: Penguin. | |Notes |Always place an ampersand (&) before the last name. | | |The editors (eds). must follow the names. | | |Lower case e in 'eds'. | | |The first word of the subtitle starts with a lower case letter (an...). | REFERENCE LIST Book: Review - Author of review indicated Author of the review. Date. Title of the book being reviewed, Author of book. Date. Reviewed in: Title of journal review is published in, Issue:Page reference, Date of issue. |Harvard |Reagan, M. 2007. The beach, by Alex Garland. 2006. Reviewed in: Village voice, 42:56, | |example |March 11. | |Notes |Alex Garland has written the book with the title The beach. | | |M Reagan wrote a review of the book in the journal with the title Village voice. | | |Both the title of the book and the title of the journal are in italics. | IN-TEXT REFERENCE Book: Review - Author of review indicated |Harvard |Reagan (in Garland 2006:56) explains that .... | |examples |.... (Reagan in Garland 2006:56). | |Notes |Note the position of the full stop in the second example | Book: Two items by same author in the same year Authors. Date(a). Title, Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |a) Pringle, Gillian S. 2008a. The allegorical novels of J.M. Coetzee. Grahamstown: | |example |Rhodes University. (PhD thesis). | | | | | |b) Pringle, Gillian S. 2008b. Aspects of style in the novels of J.M. Coetzee. College | | |English, 35(6):34-41, September. | |Notes |The date is followed by an "a" or a "b". | | |The items are alphabetical by title: The allegorical ... files before Aspects of style| | |... | | |"The" is ignored in alphabetical listing. | | |Example a) is a thesis and therefore the qualification that the thesis is for must be | | |added. | | |Example b) is a journal article. | Brochures Name of organisation that produced the brochure. Date. Title of brochure. edition. [Brochure]. Author. |Harvard |Research and Training Center on Independent Living. 2007. Guidelines for reporting and | |example |writing about people with disabilities. 4th ed. [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS. | |Notes |The author, K.S. Lawrence is subordinate to the company / organisation that produced | | |the brochure. | | |The format is given in square brackets at the end of the entry. | | |In-text referencing: ("Research and Training Center", 2007:1) | Conference proceedings Author. Date. Title of paper. Title of published document, Place and date of conference, page reference(s), Place (of publication): Publisher. |Harvard |Truter, Mavis. 2005. The role of the court interpreter in the new South Africa. | |example |Proceedings of the 2005 Conference of the South African Institute of Translators, | | |Bloemfontein, 18-23 June 2005, 46-59. Johannesburg: The Institute. | |Notes |Published conference proceedings. Cite only the paper read by Truter. | | |Title of the paper: "The role of the court...". | | |Title of the published volume: "Proceedings..." | Correspondence Author of the letter. Date. Description of the type of correspondence, Date of correspondence. [Note of location of the original document] |Harvard |Theron, C. 2007. Letter to the Town Clerk of Stellenbosch, 5 May. [Original copy in | |example |records of the Town Council of Stellenbosch.] | |Notes |  | Course notes Author. Date. Title: sub-title. Place: Name of Institution. [Indicate that these are course notes] |Harvard |Roux, B. 2003. Reasons for Absenteeism. Cape Town: Cape Technikon. [Course notes.] | |example | | |Notes |  | Dictionary Title: subtitle. Edition. Date. Place of Publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |a) Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. 10th ed. 2007. Springfield, MA.: | |example |Merriam-Webster. | | | | | |b) Shorter Oxford dictionary. 9th ed. 2007. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | |Notes |The position of the date - it follows the title and the edition. | | |Merriam-Webster is a publisher. | | |MA - the state of .... in the United States of America. It is customary to follow place| | |names in the USA with the abbreviation for the state. Click here for a list of | | |abbreviations for the states. | Encyclopaedia - Author indicated Author. Date. Title article. Title of encyclopaedia, volume of encyclopaedia, page reference. |Harvard |Lessing, B.P. 2005. Nuclear energy. McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science and technology,| |example |12:127-129. | |Notes |NB. The title of the encyclopedia is in italics, NOT the title of the article. | Encyclopaedia - Author not indicated Title article. Date. Title of encyclopaedia, volume of encyclopaedia, page reference. Place:Publisher. |Harvard |Medieval manuscripts. 2007. Encyclopedia Americana, 14:346-347. Danbury, Conn:Grolier. | |example | | |Notes |If the author is not known, start with the title of the article. | | |The title of the encyclopaedia is in italics, NOT the title of the article. | | |14 = the number of the volume in the set. | | |346-347 = the page numbers in volume 14. | s Government publications: Departments Correct name of country. Name of department. Date. Title. Place: Publisher. |Harvard |South Africa. Department of Home Affairs. 2008. Guidelines for chairmen of publications| |example |committees. Pretoria: Government Printer. | |Notes |The official name of the country is the entry element. | | |Give the full name of the department. | | |Publisher will be the official printer/publisher for the government of that country, | | |e.g. | | |South Africa: Government Printer | | |UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office - HMSO | | |USA: US Government Printing Office | Laws Name of country (jurisdiction). Date. Author. Date. Title of act. Place: Publisher. [Laws.] |Harvard |South Africa. 2007. Atomic Energy Act, No 92 of 2007. Pretoria: Government Printer. | |example |[Laws.] | |Notes |The official name of the country is the entry element. | | |Give the full name of the department. | | |Title of the act is in italics. | Electronic References: Web site Author. Date (last updated). Title of web site. [Online]. Available: URL/Internet address. [Date you accessed the site]. |Harvard |McKiernan, G. 2008. Project Aristotle(sm): automated categorization of Web resources. | |example |[Online]. Available: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/Aristotle.htm [4 | | |September 2008]. | |Notes |You have to provide the full URL in the reference list. | | |Access date is very important as information on the Internet changes very rapidly. | | |In-text example (McKiernan, 2008). | Article from online database Author. Year, 'Article title', Journal Title, volume, issue, paging (if given or indication of length), viewed Day Month Year, Name of database service (if given) Name of database, item number (if given). |Harvard |Tator, C & Cushman, R. 2006 'Hockey injuries of the spine', Canadian Medical Journal, | |example |vol. 33, no. 6, p. 99, viewed 23 September 2007, EBSCOhost database Academic Search | | |Premier, item: 13488934. | |Notes |The title of the journal in which the article has been published is in italics. | Interview Name of person interviewed. Date. Description of interview with day, month and year. [format] |Harvard |a) Smuts, Dene. 2007. Interview with the author on 4 August 2007. Cape Town. [Cassette | |example |recording in possession of author] | | | | | |b) Schaie, K.W. 2008. [Personal communication]. April 18. | |Notes |Example a) You have interviewed Dene Smuts and have taped the interview. | | |Example b) You have had a personal conversation with K.W. Schaie. | Legal cases |Harvard |Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v Borough of Vryheid 2007(1) SA 617 (A) | |example |  | |Notes |Format: Name vs Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date). | | |In text referencing: Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v Borough of Vryheid (2007). | | |Legal cases are reported in the South African Law Reports. | | |2007(1) = the year and the volume of the SA Law Reports. | | |SA = a South African case. | | |A = Appeal Court. | Publisher: Society. Author. Date. Title:sub-title. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. |Harvard |Rowse, Mildred K., (ed.). 2007. The librarian's guide to the use of AACR2. London: | |example |Library Association. | |Notes | | Secondary source (one source cited in another source) Author. Date. Title: Sub-title. Journal Title, Volume: Page references. |Harvard |Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. 2008. Models of reading aloud: | |example |Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological review, 100: | | |589-608. | |Notes |A study was done by Seidenberg and McClelland. | | |Coltheart et al later refers to this study in their article titled "Models of reading | | |aloud..." (The study is cited in Coltheart et al.). | | |The secondary source (the second source) should be given in the reference list. | | |When the cited work (the first work) was not read then the in-text reference will look | | |like this: | | |Seidenberg and McClelland's study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtin, Atkins & Haller, | | |2008) confirmed that ... | Telephone conversation |Harvard |Schahie, K. W. (personal communication. April 18, 2007). | |example | | |Notes |You had a conversation with K.W. Schahie. | Television broadcast Name of producer. (Title of producer). Date. Title programme. Place: Broadcast service. Month and day. |Harvard |The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour. 2008. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting | |example |Service. Oct 11. | |Notes |Entry is under the title of the programme if you do not know who produced it. | | |The title of the programme is in italics. | Theses and dissertations Author. Date. Title of article. Title: subtitle. Place of Publisher (city): Academic institution. Degree. [format if other than print] |Harvard |a) Potgieter, R.S. 2005. Die advertensiewese in Suid-Afrika: 'n kritiese ondersoek. | |example |Pretoria: UNISA. (M Com-verhandeling). [Mikrofiche] | | | | | |b) Almeida, D. M. 2008. Father's participation of family work: consequences for | | |father's stress and father-child relations. British Columbia, Canada:University of | | |Victoria. (MA-thesis.) | |Notes |In example a) you used the microfiche copy of the thesis - the format is given in | | |square brackets at the end of the entry. | | |Use the language of the publication - if the thesis is in Afrikaans, give the | | |bibliographic detail in Afrikaans; if it is in English, give the bibliographic detail | | |in English. | | |Example b) is an example of a printed thesis. | Video Title: subtitle. Date. Place of publisher (city): Name of publisher. [format] |Harvard |a) The interview game. 2006. London: BBC. [Video recording] | |example | | | |b) Silent hunter. 2007. Producer, John Varty; director, Duncan McLachlan. s.l: | | |Londolozi Productions. 1 videocassette (VHS) (49 mins). [Video recording] | |Notes |The format [video recording] is placed at the end of the entry in square brackets. | | |Example a) shows the minimum information required. | | |Example b) shows an entry with full bibliographic detail. |