Get_Nine_Lives_from_Cloning

Running head: WEEK NINE Get Nine Lives from Cloning Victor Andrews University of Phoenix Get Nine Lives from Cloning Even though cloning can overpopulate the earth, the earth cannot meet the supply and demand of a growing population at these rates. The fate of cloning will fall onto the hands of society if the government does not make rules and guidelines for doctors and scientists to abide by. Cloning should be used for medical reasons such as reproducing hearts, kidneys, livers, and curing genetic diseases; scientists try to find ways to make humans live longer, and to revive endangered or extinct species. What is cloning' According to the World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 4, 1981 pg. 529 p.1-6., “Cloning is a group of organisms that are genetically identical. Most clones result from asexual reproduction, a process in which a new organism develops from only one parent.” Most higher animals cannot form clones naturally except when identical twins or other genetically identical multiple births occur. The experimental process for cloning certain animals involves scientists destroying the nucleus of the egg cell of the animal being cloned. The nucleus is removed from an animal of the same species. The donor nucleus is injected into the egg cell. The egg, with its new nucleus, develops into and animal that has the same genetic makeup as the donor. No one really knows if cloning is the right answer to a few of the world’s problems. The thought of cloning animals and humans is very frightening to most of society, for religious reasons and/or ethical reasons. There are many prejudice individuals in the world, which will not have a good reaction to living mammals and humans that are cloned. How would cloned humans feel about society’s reaction to them' Personally, I feel cloned humans would experience encounters worse than racism. This is an extremely sensitive subject to argue. There is no right or wrong answer to cloning and there are advantages and disadvantages to everything we do. The first date of cloning in history was in the year 1962. Biologist John Gurdon of Oxford University made a claim that he cloned South African frogs. The frogs cloned by Gurdon never survived into adulthood. The experimental tools and techniques developed by Gurdon are still being used today. On July 5, 1996, Dolly the sheep was the first organism cloned from adult cells. (Human Cloning) On April 27, 2000, scientists found a cell in cows that reverses their age. Six heifers were born under this experiment, and this process showed signs of youth prior to their chronological age. Scientists would take one young cell from a young healthy person and clone many of them; replace the old cells with the young cells, and provide them a young and healthy immune system or replace the elders’ ills such as Alzheimer Disease, bad hearts, livers and Diabetes. The main goal of this experiment is to extend human and animals life span. Scientists believe the heifers age reversed due to them using starved cells that were in a resting state, instead of cloning cells from cows at the end of their lifespan. Supplying a crop of youthful cells can be used for replacement tissues for the human body, and increasing the breeding years of farm animals. (Staff and Wire Reports, April 27, 2000) Doctors and scientist look for alternative ways to improve and preserve life. One advantage to cloning is to reverse the aging process. The cloned tissue could help aging people look young. This is a big deal to individuals who forever want to remain youthful. What if this experiment actually worked' It is possible the world could become overpopulated without cloning humans. Also, Doctors and scientists are continuing to research ways to reverse heart attacks, clone livers, and kidneys for transplants. It is possible with cloning; humans will no longer have defective genes; It can be possible to grow nerves for people whose spinal cords are damaged; we could clone bone marrow for adults and children suffering from leukemia; Ian Wilmut, the embryologist who first cloned a mammal named “Dolly” the sheep, and his team are working on trying to produce effective genetic therapy against cystic fibrosis. Victims of terrible car accidents or the war in Iraq and other countries that leave their faces deformed should now be able to have their features repaired with new, safer, technology. Limbs for amputees may be able to be regenerated. Farmed animals like sheep, cows, pigs, and horses can upgrade the herd quality using the current cloning techniques. Cloning technology can preserve endangered species by recreating them, which tissue samples remain. With cloning human stem cells, infertile couples will have an opportunity to have as many children as they want, and it will open doors for many more infertile couples to use this alternative to make babies. This gives those couples hope and make it possible for other infertile couples to use this method with making a baby. With the exception of Nadia Suleman and Kate Gosselin, infertility treatments have very slim chances of being successful. This can be an emotional strain on relationships and it can become a financial hardship. Most insurance companies do not cover fertility treatments for men or women. Fertility treatments cannot guarantee a healthy baby, and women over 35 are at a high risk for miscarriage. (Human Cloning). [pic] Much of society is against cloning for many reasons known and unknown. The fate of cloning will fall on the desperation of society. In situations of desperation, people will do anything to survive. Some disadvantages of cloning are overpopulating the earth, which would not meet the supply and demand the earth can reproduce at a time. Right now there is a rough estimate of 6.7684 billion that are living in the world today. According to the United States Census Bureau, the population is expected to double, which will make it impossible not meet the supply and demand the earth can reproduce at a time. Although technology has made it possible for humans to produce more food, it might not be at the rate of people or animals being conceived. Over ninety percent of animal cloning fails to produce workable clones. They suffer from respiratory distress and circulatory problems after they are born. Cloned animals that survive birth generally have immune dysfunction and malformed organs. Also, cloned animals suffer from ageing and they live a shorter lifespan than normal offspring (Morley, 2002). Most likely the failure rate would be the same for humans. Why' Because cloning is un-natural in every form or fashion; it is not meant for living beings to be duplication in such a manner. In my opinion, cloning is considered super-human, and doctors and scientists have to be careful because this is dealing with the people and animals we love. Humans and animals are not guinea pigs! Testing should be limited to a certain degree until it is proven successful and consistent. [pic] The person in charge of cloning would be compared to God or a higher power, and who knows if someone in this type of position would abuse the power. How would the person over these controversial procedures control what is ethical or unethical' I have not read about any particular religion that is supportive of cloning. Religion is a big deal in the United States. Since religion has been around for over fifty thousand years, it has a major impact on the way society thinks and feel about certain issues within the human race. The higher power is the only creator, and finding other ways. Many people believe slavery may come back into existence because of the history of this country. The world could even go as far as cloning certain ethnical groups, specifically for enslavement purposes. The United States was built on the backs of slaves, and some maybe looking to repeat history. Cloning humans for these purposes will make conditions unbearable and spread disease as well as forcing them to live in un-habitual conditions. After all, it’s only a clone. Society wouldn’t even compare a clone to a human conceived naturally; therefore, clone would receive unfair treatment. Certain organizations or the government such as the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force, and National Guard, might benefit from cloning humans because they may want to replace soldiers with human clones. The State and local counties may consider replacing maids and handy workers with clones. The possibilities are endless, but doctors and scientists must act with precaution. Rules and regulations need to be made and implemented to ensure the abuse of cloning will be to a minimum. Finally, the thought of duplicating a person or animal is frightening to most people. Next thing you know, we will see cloning of insects and putting your own human together, like a Mr. Potato Head! Overall, there are many advantages and disadvantages to cloning any type of life. Some experiments with cloning humans and animals may be more risky than others. Although the thought of cloning is a threat to most people, who knows what the world may bring' We must always be open to science and research, this is the only way to learn how life functions and excel in research about the unknown. References Benefits of Human Cloning. (). Website About Cloning. Retrieved July 1, 2009. Retrieved from http://robby.nstemp.com/about.html Staff and Wire Reports, (April 27, 2000, April 27, 2000). Scientists rewind aging clock in cells of cloned cows, study says . CNN.com - Health. Retrieved from http://archives.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/04/27/cloning.aging/ American Association For The Advancement Of Science (2000, April 28). Cloning Reverses Aging In Cow Cells, Science Authors Say. ScienceDaily. Morley, K. (2002, May). Office of Public Policy and Ethics. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from Human and Animal Cloning: http://www.uq.edu.au/oppe/PDFS/Cloning.pdf