Friends_Skills

Two classical figures, Quintilian and Cicero have influenced the modern state of rhetorical education. Both were influenced by Isocrates and looked for orators with a natural ability to communicate. They emphasized a cultural approach to rhetoric and viewed reading and writing as essential tools to effective oratory. Both were Roman figures crucial to the development in rhetoric in later eras such as the Renaissance. Cicero influenced Quintilian especially in his ideas of teaching rhetoric. Here is an overview of their different ideas about rhetoric. Quintilian argued that writing isn't just a skill but encourages personal growth. It serves as an example of transformative learning that is ethics-grounded and civically oriented. He organized oratory into five canons, invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. The goal was to learn to sift through information in order to present the most relevant and persuasive case in a given situation. He was concerned with developing a field of study in what seemed to have no specific subject and determined that rhetoric was the theory of effective communication and is based on a citizen capable of analysis, reflection and action. He emphasized real life application such as political action and as a means of entertainment and cultural criticism. Cicero was another classical figure who argued that the orator who needed to live a good life in order to be persuasive. Further, he has to empathize with his audience and believe in what he is saying. To become a good orator, one must recognize that truth is the aim of rhetoric and truth didn't exist prior to when it was communicated. He connected the virtue of the orator with the stability of the state. A virtuous democracy is maintained by the citizen's virtue and reflected in good public discourse. Rhetoric has the goal of proving claims, winning the audience, moving them to action through their emotional response and recognizing that ethical, evaluative and emotional climates determine what changes can occur. Definition of Oratory The power of persuasion Persuasion through speech Oratory as an art, science, and or skill Discovering and expressin what is just Using eloquence Speech as deception Cicero's Ideal Orator Knowledge of all subjects Style Eloquence Emotion Control Expression, emotion intonation etc. Quintillian's Ideal Orator Good and Just An evil man cannot be an orator; an orator cannot be an evil man Prudence and Discernment Eloquence Memory All knowledge depends on it History and Law Used to refute an attack by the opposition; advantage in Oratory Use of symbols and words to trigger other memories Supplies the opportunity for further knowledge Respecting the limits of memory