Expantion_of_a_Nation

Expansion of a Nation Original 13 Colonies The original 13 colonies were established prior to 1783. The main settlers were European like William Penn and Thomas Hooker. They came to the colonies for religious freedom, gold, spices, a new life, or to leave famine or war. The state that are a part of the 13 original colonies are Maine, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase was made in 1803. The main people involved with this purchase were Napoleon, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, Robert Livingston and Talley Rand from France. France sold us the land. This all happened because Spain originally had but gave it to France as a war debt. France then wanted to set up outposts and colonies. Thomas Jefferson found out and he wanted to stop the French from doing so. Then there was an uprising in Haiti and Napoleon changes his mind. He then sold it to the United States for 15 million dollars. Lewis and Clark were also part of the purchase. Lewis was Jefferson’s secretary and clerk was Lewis’ commander in army. They worked well together. As they were exploring the land they met Sacagawea. She became there guide and interpreter. Since she knew the land so well she saved there lives many times. Sacagawea was married to a French trader names Charbonneau. She was about 15 years old on the expedition and was 6 months pregnant. She carried her son through the whole trip, which lasted 2 years and four months. This expedition opened a passage west to the Pacific. The states that made up the Louisiana Purchase are Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris took place in 1783. The main people involved were Ben Franklin, John Jay and John Adams. These three men went to Paris and made sure that United States boundaries were set fairly. All land east of Mississippi, North of Florida and South of California. This was during the time of the revolutionary war when Spain still held control over Florida. The current states that were apart of this are Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, West Virginia. Red River Cession The Red River Cession happened in 1818. The British and American commissions, like Jay Isa and Clifford Barker, were the groups involved. They decided to the northern border at the 49th parallel. This was the after math of the war of 1812. They agreed to share the Oregon territory. The two states that make up The Red River Cession are North Dakota and Minnesota. Florida Cession The Florida Cession took place in 1819. The main people involved were John Quincy Adams, Luis de Orvis, from Spain and Andrew Jackson from the U.S. The U.S. was having troubles with the Indians. They attacked settlers near Florida. Andrew Jackson was told to bring peace between the Indians and the Americans. He then chased the Indians into Florida and kicked out Spanish Government. Adams convinced them to give up if the US leaves Texas alone. A clear United State-Spanish boundary was set to Mississippi. The States that were a part of this are Florida, Alabama and Mississippi. Texas Annexation Texas was annexed in 1837. The main people involved with this are were Stephen Austin, Santa Ana, Sam Houston, Davy Crocket and William Barrett. In 1821 Stephen Austin led settlers into Texas. They were forced to live by Mexican rule. Santa Ana refused to give Texas any freedom. This caused a war between Texas and Mexico. The United States then annexed Texas in 1837. Texas was the state that was a part of this. Mexican Cession The Mexican Cession happened in 1849. The main people involved were Santa Anna, James Polk, Zach Taylor and General Kearney. The US wanted the Texas border to go along the Rio Grande River. President James Polk sent foreign minister John Slidell to Mexican to settle land disputer in 1846, but the Mexican government refused to meet with him. The US then sent General Zach Taylor to the border with Mexico to face off with Mexican troops. The Mexicans ambushed the Americans scouting force and killed or wounded 16 of them. Both the house and the Senate voted to go to war. They sent 50000 men and 10 million dollars to pay for the war. Taylor invaded six days later and occupied the territory of Matamoras. He then proceeded that summer to capture 3 provincial capitals. Commodore Sloat, who commanded the US Pacific navy, captured California with little resistance. General Kearney was sent to invade New Mexico. He defeated a force of 4,000 Mexicans and Indians to take Santa Fe. Kearney sent Doniphan with 800 men to meet to with Taylor in Mexico, and he took 150 men with him to capture San Diego. After these battles President Polk offered peace to Mexico. The state involved with this are New Mexico, California, Colorado, Nevada and Utah. Oregon Cession The Oregon Cession occurred in 1846. United State and Great Britain were both a part of this. The Oregon Territory was very valuable because of fur trade, which was popular fashion in Europe. President Polk said either “54’ 40 or fight”. The demand for animal pelts decreased and there was for farming in Canada. This made the land not as valuable. They then agreed to set 49th parallel as the border. The states that were a part of this were Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase happened in 1853. The people involved were Gadsden, the United States, and Mexico. The U.S. wanted a transcontinental railroad. They though this land was nice and flat and made a good spot for it. The United States pays 10 million dollars to but the land for a southern railroad. They do end up building a railroad in the south as well in the north. The states that were a part of the Gadsden Purchase were Arizona and New Mexico. Alaskan Purchase The Alaskan Purchase happened in 1867. The people or countries involved were Seward’s Folly, The United States and Russia. Alaska had been controlled by Russian and they had little use for it. The just wanted the land to keep the British from pacific. They then offered to sell the land to the United State prior to the Civil War but we declined. But then in 1867 we bought it. We bought it for 7.2 million dollars. Many people thought this was a bad purchase because it seemed to be just a waste land. Later there was gold found in Alaska and many other natural resources. So it was actually a very good purchase. Alaska in the only state involved in this. Hawaiian Annexation In 1897 we annexed Hawaii. Hawaii had been used for trading and had been a good place to grow sugar. That was what most money was made from in Hawaii. They imported foreign workers and outnumbered the natives. The US workers put a tariff on imported sugar in 1870. In1887 US made Hawaii give land rights to Pearl Harbor. They then overthrew the monarchy and King Kalakaua gives voting rights to white landowners. He then died in 1891 and his sister Liliuakalani becomes queen. She takes away the voting rights. She is then overthrown by Plantation owners and imprisoned. The new leader is Sanford Dole, and he makes Hawaii a republic. US President Cleveland says to free the Queen and give her back her power, Dole refused. In 1897 President McKinley becomes president and finally annexes as a military need for the Spanish-American War. Hawaii is the current state involved with this.