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Civil War Study Guide Coppersheads, what were they' were a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. Republicans started calling antiwar Democrats "copperheads", likening them to the poisonous snake. The Peace Democrats accepted the label, but for them the copper "head" was the likeness of Liberty, which they cut from copper pennies and proudly wore as badges. Importance of Lincoln Douglas Debate' Series of seven debates between Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln and Democratic Sen. Stephen A. Douglas in the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign. They focused on slavery and its extension into the western territories. Lincoln criticized Douglas for his support of popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, while Douglas accused Lincoln of advocating racial equality and disruption of the Union. Douglas won reelection, but Lincoln's antislavery position and oratorical brilliance made him a national figure in the young Republican Party. Senator Crittenden presented a compromise, what would it have done' Proposed constitutional amendments that would reenact provisions of the Missouri Compromise and extend them to the western territories, indemnify owners of fugitive slaves whose return was prevented by antislavery elements in the North, allow a form of popular sovereignty in the territories, and protect slavery in the District of Columbia. The plan was rejected by president-elect Abraham Lincoln and narrowly defeated in the Senate. Whats a carpetbagger' a Northerner that came to the South during the Reconstruction (rebuilding after the Civil War) to take advantage of the situation after the war, usually for political or financial gain. Big Battle in the western theather, split confederacy in half' Battle of Vicksburg Leader of Radical Reconstructionists' Thaddeus Stephens What was the Freedmans bureau supposed to do' they were orginized by the Uninion to help reconstruct the south. they were supposed to help blacks and whites. they focused mainly on the blacks though. Why did the radical republicans impeach Johnson' Johnson wanted to follow through with Lincoln's rather lenient reconstruction plans. The Rads wanted to punish the South. What were the border states' The Lincoln administration regarded Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri as border states, critical because of their geographical positions and questionable in loyalty because of their strong ties to both South and North. What resulted in the impeaching of Johnson' Was he impeached, then removed' When Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865, he was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson, who attempted to continue Lincoln’s benevolent restoration policies. However Johnson was opposed by extremists, or Radicals, in the Republican Party who wished to punish the South. The Radical majority in Congress passed a series of laws intended to subjugate the southern states by placing them under direct federal control. Johnson vetoed much of this legislation, but his vetoes were often overridden by two-thirds majorities. Even so, many Radicals came to believe that Johnson was obstructing their political agenda, and they set out to remove this impediment. In 1867, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act. This prohibited the president from removing executive appointees (including cabinet members) without Senate approval. The law was a clear violation of the separation of powers as proscribed in the Constitution, and Johnson sought to challenge the legislation by firing his secretary of war, Edwin Stanton. Dred Scott decision- what did it do as far as all slaves' The ruling arguably overturned the Missouri Compromise as, based on the court's logic, any attempt at regulating slavery in the Federal Territories deprived a white slave owner of his property without due process. This factor upset the Northern Republicans and further split Northern and Southern relations, exacerbating violent sentiments leading up to the Civil War. How did 14th amendment affect the dred scott case' Although Dred Scott was never overruled by the Supreme Court itself, in the Slaughter-House Cases of 1873 the Court stated that at least one part of it had already been overruled in 1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment: The first observation we have to make on this clause is, that it puts at rest both the questions which we stated to have been the subject of differences of opinion. It declares that persons may be citizens of the United States without regard to their citizenship of a particular State, and it overturns the Dred Scott decision by making all persons born within the United States and subject to its jurisdiction citizens of the United States. Campaign of 1860- what was the republican party conserned about in respect to slavery' set the stage for the American Civil War. The nation had been divided throughout most of the 1850s on questions of states' rights and slavery in the territories. In 1860 this issue finally came to a head, fracturing the formerly dominant Democratic Party into Southern and Northern factions and bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party to power without the support of a single Southern state. The origins of the American Civil War lay in the complex issues of slavery, competing understandings of federalism, party politics, expansionism, sectionalism, tariffs, and economics. After the Mexican-American War, the issue of slavery in the new territories led to the Compromise of 1850. While the compromise averted an immediate political crisis, it did not permanently resolve the issue of The Slave Power (the power of slaveholders to control the national government). 10% plan - Said that when 10% of the voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S., your state was back in. Proposed by Lincoln Reconstruction Act- what was is going to provide/do' has two definitions: the first in reference to the entire nation in the period 1865-1877 following the Civil War, and the second to the process of transforming the Southern United States starting during 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy, as well as adding three amendments to the Constitution. In the different states, reconstruction began and ended at different times; federal reconstruction policies were finally abandoned with the Compromise of 1877. Reconstruction policies were debated in the North when the war began, and commenced in earnest after the Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863. Reconstruction policies were implemented whenever a state that joined the Confederacy came under the control of federal troops. President Abraham Lincoln set up reconstructed governments in several southern states during the war, including Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana, and engaged in experiments with giving land to ex-slaves in South Carolina. Radical Republicans in Congress overruled a veto by President Andrew Johnson and put the former Confederacy under military rule. The army then conducted new elections in which the freed slaves could vote while those who held leading positions under the Confederacy were denied the vote and could not run for office. What were norths advantages at the start of the civil war' Population, better weapons, use of the railroads was crucial to unions victory Jobs southern blacks got' Pullman porters What did Great Britain and France do during the civil war' They remained nuetral Reasons why it took lincoln so long to issue emancipation proclaimation- The Emancipation Proclamation stated that slavery in the south illegal and that all former slaves were to be freed he did not free the slaves in the north because he didnt want to upset slave holding states that were fighting for the Union. He waited so long because he wanted to make sure that his move would be constitutional and that he had plenty of support from the Union he found out it would be constitutional if he could say that it was a military nessesity so the main goul of the Proclamation was to cripple the econemy of the south which heavely realied on slavery thus destroying its ability to wadge war. So basically he waited so long to make sure it would be the right move. battle of antietam important' The main important thing about the Battle of Antietam was that the North was able to stop Lee's first invasion of the North, although at great cost. Lee, outnumbered nearly three to one, held his lines after the battle, then returned to Virginia. Bleeding Kansas- Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858. At the heart of the conflict was the question of whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free state or slave state. As such, Bleeding Kansas was a proxy war between Northerners and Southerners over the issue of slavery in the United States. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune; the events it encompasses directly presaged the American Civil War. Freeport Doctrine - articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois. Lincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between the principle of popular sovereignty proposed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the United States Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford, which stated that slavery could not legally be excluded from the territories. Instead of making a direct choice, Douglas' response stated that despite the court's ruling, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. Likewise, if the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence. Country that tried to take over Mexico and what we used to take them out – France, Monroe Doctrine during civil war what can confederates consider an advantage' Farming and agriculture Did Lincoln emancipation proclaimation free the slaves' it did not free all the slaves in the United States and here is why. The Emancipation Proclamation didn't actually free any slaves because it related only to areas under the control of the Confederacy. The South broke away from the North, and President Lincoln couldn't make slave owners living in the Confederate states of America obey the Emancipation Proclamation. After the Civil War ended and the South became part of the United States again, the South had to obey Lincoln. The Emancipation Proclamation didn't include slaves in the border states and in some southern areas under the North's control, such as Tennessee and parts of Virginia and Louisiana. Although no slaves were actually freed by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, it did lead to the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. The 13th Amendment became a law on December 18, 1865, and ended slavery in all parts of the United States. How did Lincoln win the election '(not by popular vote but something else) he won by the electoral vote 1856- who were the candidates' James Buchanan (democrat) John Fremont (republican) millard fillemore (American) 1856 – what was the know nothing party platform' 1. The KN party was formed with members of the now defunct Whig Party. 2. The KNs were extremely anti-immigration since they felt they took American jobs away from American citizens 3. They opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories 4. They favored internal improvements such as canals, roads, railroads, and bridges 5. They pulled votes from John C. Fremont (the Republican candidate) and led to the election of James Buchanan. Clement Vallandigham' was an Ohio unionist of the Copperhead faction of anti-war, pro-Confederate Democrats during the American Civil War. Party founded in 1864- national union party