Epilsey

This assessment the practitioner will be look at Epilepsy in two different settings. This assessment will focus on Epilepsy in 2011 and the difficulties children with epilepsy would have faced in the past. Using a Bio-psychosocial framework the practitioner will discuss Medical treatment and the difference from medical/ religious beliefs now and then. The difference in social attrudes and how Psychology this disorder affects children Epilepsy is disorder that occurs in the brain, Epilepsy causes recurring seizures. Seizures happen when the electrical activity in your brain is disrupted. This disruption can cause changes in your body movements, awareness, behaviour, emotions or senses. Seizures are also referred to as fits, attacks or convulsions. Epilepsy affects at least 456 thousand people in the United Kingdom. It usually begins in childhood, however one in three children will grow out of it by the time they get to adulthood. When a doctor has made diagnosis epilepsy, they will decide the best form of treatment. If the seizure was caused by an underlying correctable brain condition, surgery may stop seizures. If the seizure is due to epilepsy, the doctor will usually prescribe regular use of seizure-preventing drugs. If drugs do not work, other methods may be tried, including surgery, a special diet or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). The purpose of all epilepsy treatment is to prevent further seizures, avoid side effects, and make it possible for people to lead active and normal lives Childhood epilepsy well usually treated with seizure-preventing medicines called antiepileptic or anticonvulsant drugs. If the drugs don’t work or the child has to many side effects, the ketogenic diet may be tried. If Surgery is not an option a new treatment called vagus nerve stimulation. Children and adults can take the same anti-epilepsy medication. Medication may be prescribed as tablets, sprinkles, capsules or in syrup. The Practitioner experience of this disorder occurred when having a placement in a learning disabilities residential home in the Buckinghamshire . There was eight children that came for rest bite. All having mild to server epilepsy. These drugs are designed to prevent seizures. Some are successful with a limited number of seizure types; others have a broader range of action. Wherever possible, doctors try to control seizures with one drug. Some children, however, may have to take more than one. A child could respond so well to medication that no further seizures occur so long as the medication is taken regularly and an effective level is maintained in the child's blood. Most people with epilepsy live a full and long life.  However, factors associated with epilepsy and seizures that may increase the risk of early death.  Although Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is not well understood, it is believed that this is cause by the heart rhythm and the problems the heart faces during a seizure. SUDEP occurs more often among people with convulsive seizures, especially generalized tonic-clonic seizures that are not well controlled. The word epilepsy is taken from Ancient Greece, which meant "to take hold of", which in turn was combined from “to take". In the past, epilepsy was linked with religion and demonic possession. In ancient times, epilepsy was known as the "Sacred Disease" (as described in a 5th century BC Hippocrates said this is because people with epileptic seizures were being attack by demons, or that the visions experienced by persons with epilepsy were sent by the gods. A section from a Babylonian medical textbook, {2000BC} . The records show many of the different seizure we recognize today, and it emphasizes the supernatural nature of epilepsy, while the Ayurveda text of Charaka Samhita (about 400BC), describes epilepsy as "apasmara", i.e., "loss of consciousness". In most cultures, people with epilepsy have been stigmatized, shunned, or even imprisoned; in the Salpêtrière, the birthplace of modern neurology, Jean-Martin Charcot found people with epilepsy side-by-side with the mentally retarded, those with chronic syphilis, and the criminally insane. In Tanzania to this day, as with other parts of Africa, epilepsy is associated with possession by evil spirits, witchcraft, or poisoning and is believed by many to be contagious In ancient Rome, epilepsy was known as the Morbus Comitialis ('disease of the assembly hall') and was seen as a curse from the gods. As There was so much stigma in the past the treatment for Epilepsy was a lot different The treatment of epilepsy has mirrored the current understanding of the disorder. At the dawn of the 20th century, the use of bromides, an anaphrodisiac, dominated the treatment for epilepsy, and was able to provide long term remission to up to a quarter of patients; however its use was complicated by toxic side effects (bromism) such as cognitive slowing and apathy. The development of phenobarbital represented a major breakthrough in the care of epilepsy patients. In 1912, it was found to be an effective seizure suppressant. It continues to be the most commonly prescribed seizure medication worldwide, especially in developing countries, due primarily to its low cost.  In 1938, phenytoin was introduced as another treatment for epilepsy – and the use of experimental models of epilepsy to test drug efficacy heralded a new era in drug development (3). Carbamazepine was introduced in 1953, and was one of the first antiepileptic drugs developed by a pharmaceutical company (Geigy).  Valproate was licensed in the United States in 1976 for the treatment of absence seizures (4).         The last 20 years have witnessed an amazing increase in the number of antiepileptic drugs. Almost in rapid succession, drugs such as felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, tiagabine, pregablin, lacosamide, and rufinamide have been introduced to the American market. Each of these drugs contain unique properties, whether in its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, or side-effect profile (4).   The treatment of epilepsy has mirrored the current understanding of the disorder. At the dawn of the 20th century, the use of bromides, an anaphrodisiac, dominated the treatment for epilepsy, and was able to provide long term remission to up to a quarter of patients; however its use was complicated by toxic side effects (bromism) such as cognitive slowing and apathy. The development of phenobarbital represented a major breakthrough in the care of epilepsy patients. In 1912, it was found to be an effective seizure suppressant. It continues to be the most commonly prescribed seizure medication worldwide, especially in developing countries, due primarily to its low cost.  In 1938, phenytoin was introduced as another treatment for epilepsy – and the use of experimental models of epilepsy to test drug efficacy heralded a new era in drug development (3). Carbamazepine was introduced in 1953, and was one of the first antiepileptic drugs developed by a pharmaceutical company (Geigy).  Valproate was licensed in the United States in 1976 for the treatment of absence seizures (4).         The last 20 years have witnessed an amazing increase in the number of antiepileptic drugs. Almost in rapid succession, drugs such as felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, tiagabine, pregablin, lacosamide, and rufinamide have been introduced to the American market. Each of these drugs contain unique properties, whether in its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, or side-effect profile (4).   The treatment of epilepsy has mirrored the current understanding of the disorder. At the dawn of the 20th century, the use of bromides, an anaphrodisiac, dominated the treatment for epilepsy, and was able to provide long term remission to up to a quarter of patients; however its use was complicated by toxic side effects (bromism) such as cognitive slowing and apathy. The development of phenobarbital represented a major breakthrough in the care of epilepsy patients. In 1912, it was found to be an effective seizure suppressant. It continues to be the most commonly prescribed seizure medication worldwide, especially in developing countries, due primarily to its low cost.  In 1938, phenytoin was introduced as another treatment for epilepsy – and the use of experimental models of epilepsy to test drug efficacy heralded a new era in drug development (3). Carbamazepine was introduced in 1953, and was one of the first antiepileptic drugs developed by a pharmaceutical company (Geigy).  Valproate was licensed in the United States in 1976 for the treatment of absence seizures (4).         The last 20 years have witnessed an amazing increase in the number of antiepileptic drugs. Almost in rapid succession, drugs such as felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, tiagabine, pregablin, lacosamide, and rufinamide have been introduced to the American market. Each of these drugs contain unique properties, whether in its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, or side-effect profile The treatment of epilepsy has mirrored the current understanding of the disorder. At the dawn of the 20th century, the use of bromides, an anaphrodisiac, dominated the treatment for epilepsy, and was able to provide long term remission to up to a quarter of patients; however its use was complicated by toxic side effects (bromism) such as cognitive slowing and apathy. The development of phenobarbital represented a major breakthrough in the care of epilepsy patients. In 1912, it was found to be an effective seizure suppressant. It continues to be the most commonly prescribed seizure medication worldwide, especially in developing countries, due primarily to its low cost.  In 1938, phenytoin was introduced as another treatment for epilepsy – and the use of experimental models of epilepsy to test drug efficacy heralded a new era in drug development (3). Carbamazepine was introduced in 1953, and was one of the first antiepileptic drugs developed by a pharmaceutical company (Geigy).  Valproate was licensed in the United States in 1976 for the treatment of absence seizures (4).         The last 20 years have witnessed an amazing increase in the number of antiepileptic drugs. Almost in rapid succession, drugs such as felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, tiagabine, pregablin, lacosamide, and rufinamide have been introduced to the American market. Each of these drugs contain unique properties, whether in its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, or side-effect profile The treatment of epilepsy has mirrored the current understanding of the disorder. At the dawn of the 20th century, the use of bromides, an anaphrodisiac, dominated the treatment for epilepsy, and was able to provide long term remission to up to a quarter of patients; however its use was complicated by toxic side effects (bromism) such as cognitive slowing and apathy. The development of phenobarbital represented a major breakthrough in the care of epilepsy patients. In 1912, it was found to be an effective seizure suppressant. It continues to be the most commonly prescribed seizure medication worldwide, especially in developing countries, due primarily to its low cost.  In 1938, phenytoin was introduced as another treatment for epilepsy – and the use of experimental models of epilepsy to test drug efficacy heralded a new era in drug development (3). Carbamazepine was introduced in 1953, and was one of the first antiepileptic drugs developed by a pharmaceutical company (Geigy).  Valproate was licensed in the United States in 1976 for the treatment of absence seizures (4).         The last 20 years have witnessed an amazing increase in the number of antiepileptic drugs. Almost in rapid succession, drugs such as felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, tiagabine, pregablin, lacosamide, and rufinamide have been introduced to the American market. Each of these drugs contain unique properties, whether in its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, or side-effect profile Social- Now 50years ago Pyscho Now +