Effect_of_Exercise

Investigating the Effect of Increasing Exercise Intensity on Heart Rate The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the different intensities related to exercise on your heart rate and to assess the results. The method; firstly we calculated our resting heart rate manually using the first 2 fingers on our right/left hand and placed them on our wrist, next, we walked on a treadmill for 1 minute at 1.0km/hr. After walking on the treadmill for 1 minute, we use the heart rate monitors on the treadmill to take our pulse, using this data, we recorded it on the table provided. Then, we wait until our heart rate returned back to the resting rate, after resting we repeated the method by increasing the speed on the treadmill each time to, 4.0km/hr, 7.0km/hr, and 10.0km/hr. Respiration is the process in which that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose). The process is as follows; Glucose (from the digestive system) + Oxygen (from the respiratory system) Carbon Dioxide (waste product exhaled) + Water (waste product exhaled) + Energy (which is useful). This type of respiration is known as Aerobic respiration, as it energy which is released with oxygen. Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, it is usually written as beats per minute (bpm). Heart rates can vary, as it is due to the oxygen levels changing, such as while exercising. Heart rate can be measured in many places in the body, such as the wrist or the neck. Results Table Intensity(Km/Hr) | Heart Rate (bpm) | Range | | Person 1 | Person 2 | Person 3 | Person 4 | Person 5 | Person 6 | Person 7 | Person 8 | Average | High | Low | 0.0 | 60 | 75 | 54 | 66 | 72 | 79 | 76 | 77 | 70 | 79 | 54 | 1.0 | 89 | 108 | 86 | 100 | 99 | 153 | 126 | 126 | 110 | 153 | 86 | 4.0 | 107 | 129 | 90 | 116 | 126 | 146 | 133 | 127 | 120 | 146 | 90 | 7.0 | 143 | 152 | 111 | 149 | 103 | 160 | 165 | 163 | 150 | 165 | 103 | 10.0 | 155 | 163 | 126 | 152 | 138 | 162 | 172 | 167 | 154 | 172 | 126 | Key: * Outliers | Summary of Evidence: The graph representing the results table, expresses a positive correlation between the intensity and heart rate; as the intensity of exercise increases, as does the heart rate. At 0.0km/hr intensity the average is 72, whereas, at 10.0km/hr intensity the average is 158. All the error bars except the bar at 0.0km/hr intensity, are wide, suggesting that the results are less reliable. All the error bars except the bar at 0.0km/hr intensity, are overlapping, this suggests that the results of the experiment are more accurate, such as the bars at 1.0 and 7.0. In conclusion from the investigation, you can see that the results table shows that the heart rate didn’t raise a lot between the two intensities; 0.0km/hr and 1.0km/hr, but then the heart rate increased at each stage/intensity quite steeply. However, during the final intensity of exercise, the heart rate doesn’t increase much at all. This is due to the oxygen supply to the muscles had decreased, as this happens, a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise was taking place, instead of oxygen, as a result of this, aerobic respiration was unable to take place and anaerobic respiration took place. Our bodies need oxygen in order to efficiently break down glucose and process it into our cell’s primary energy source, so that our bodies don’t tire out. As the intensity of exercise is increased, we need more energy and therefore more oxygen. Our blood carries oxygen from our lungs to various destinations in our bodies such as muscles. As the oxygen demand is rising, our heart pumps faster to keep up the need for oxygen, sending more blood carrying oxygen to our muscles. If the correct levels of oxygen is not supplied to the body muscle, then as a result, lactic acid starts being formed, lactic acid is formed because glucose in our muscles is used up, and lactic acid builds up in our muscles, as a result of this, our muscles start to burn, and soon tire and give up exercise for that particular session. Due to this the C0₂ levels are set to rise, which would also contribute to the heart rate rising. Evaluating Data: During this experimentation, there were some important safety features which we had to bear in mind. First and foremost the most important thing to do before starting any exercise session is to ensure that you, warm-up your body. A warm-up is where you prepare your body for an exercise session or an athletic event, this warm-up is only for a short time, which prepares you and your body both mentally and physically for exercise and reduces the risk of any injury. A warm-up consists of a light exercise such as; stretching your different muscles e.g. calf, this muscle can be exercised by either jogging or a light run. By warming up before an exercise session, you increase blood flow to muscles and other soft tissue, which is an important factor in helping you to avoid damaging any ligaments, muscles and tendons, including the slightest strains and sprains. The physiological reason to warming up is to help your circulatory system in pumping oxygen rich blood to your working muscles. A warm-up prepares the body safely for the demands from exercise. A warm-up also helps break down the complexities of oxygen, as a result of this it increases the levels of oxygen which is delivered to the muscles. The body’s nerve paths are also all prepared by the warming up process, to be ready for the exercise session. While doing this experiment, we also had to bear in mind the safety of ourselves while using the treadmills. One of the most important issues when using a treadmill is that pain may easily be caused if you use the treadmill continuously, so the best possible way to resolve this is to take periods of resting, to prevent the pain from actually occurring, however, if you do discover any pain or are struggling to use the equipment, then the best solution is to press the emergency button which is located at the front of the screen, on most majority of treadmills, and take a rest. If you don’t rest, and just ignore the pains, then the pains in your body will then transform into even severe pains, such as muscles being torn, etc. When you start treadmill always start at a very slow speed every time you use it, then slowly increase the speed to the desired speed, you should never get straight of the treadmill, always stop the moving track first. If anyone would exit the treadmill while the treadmill is still running at a constant speed, then this would cause the person’s leg to step onto the ground with a slight force, which may cause calf pains. The method, I think from my view is, a well thought about plan, which has a good idea on waiting for a while so that the heart rate could recover back to a resting beat before attempting to do another speed, failing to do so could affect the results a large proportion compared to the persons who had a interval between intervals. If this type of experiment were to be repeated, I would suggest using bicycles as an alternative of a treadmill, the experiment hold the same aim but the intensity wouldn’t be speed in kilometres per hour but it would be replaced by the gears on a bicycle such as; 1, 2, 5. These improvements can support the reliability as to adding confidence to the results of the previous experiment, by comparing how the two experiment’s results compare to each other, such as; the heart rate at 1.0km/hr intensity has hardly risen from the resting heart rate, whereas, at gear 1, the heart rate has risen a lot from the resting heart rate. An outlier is to with numeracy, which is one that appears to be distinctively marked from the rest of the data of samples. Before calculating my averages I had removed outliers, the reason for me doing this is that outliers are set of data which is incorrect and doesn’t match the rest of the data gathered. As the intensity was increased, the heart rate also increased. This is due to the oxygen supply to the muscles had decreased, as this happens, a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise was taking place. As oxygen is being delivered less and less, the aerobic respiration is unable to take place and anaerobic respiration takes place. As this happens the body is trying to obtain more oxygen, so as our body would struggles for oxygen our heart then beats at a fast pace, this is because the oxygen which is being obtained has to be delivered straight away to the muscles needing it in urgency. After a while aerobic respiration is returned back to normal. The results were not as accurate as I had thought, because the error bars are very large, which suggests that the results don’t match very easily. Repeats of this current experiment were done as, 8 people of reliability was set. ff