Darfur_War

-English Essay- Anak Agung Istri Kalvika Ariviranti 007200800004//Banking and Finance Humanity Crisis in Darfur Darfur conflict is one of the biggest humanitarian crises in the world. Darfur is a name of place in Sudan, Africa which is one of the biggest areas in that country, lies on the western shore of the Red Sea. It is approximately as same as France size and occupied by more than six million people1. Regarding to the crisis in Darfur Koffi Annan called it, “little short of hell on earth3”. There has been enormous violation on human right occurs in that place since several years ago. The united nation report there are more than 2,700,000 people displaced from their home, around 300,000 people death because of killed, disease and other violation since the open war had started, and many other was treated inhumanely2. Humanitarian aid organization around the world try to help Darfur condition but unfortunately it can only reach 20% of the affected area since the instability situation in Darfur. Darfur crisis has become global issue for people around the world since it began turn up to the surface several years ago. Open conflict in Darfur which attract the world attention was started about six years ago. In fact, the conflict within this country has been started long time ago before the open war was begun. On February 2003, there are two militant parties called SLM/AT and JEMQ make up turbulence, take advantage of instability situation of the al-Bashirh regime and embarked on attack to the government military bases. The Rebellions group are consist of Sudanese Military, Janjaweed (Sudanese Militia Group) and many other radical group10. In the first year of the conflict, the violence had become out of control and acquired broader national implication4. Sudan accuses the government of Chad, the neighbor country, played an important role in helping the insurgents in Sudan; on the contrary Chad blame Sudan helped the rioters in its country. It became more complicated since the aroused of the two rebel groups (SLM/A and JEM) lead to a brutal counter-insurgency marked by gross human right violations. During the first and second year after the open war has been started, many other countries called the situation in Darfur as genocide because the huge number of death people because of being killed, disease, starved because of the war and also many human right deviations happen such as rape, torture, kidnapping, robbery, physic and mental pressures, and many others. Therefore, this conflict had drawn out international response and awareness since the first burst of it. Darfur current situation is not much change from the past several years. The conflicts still exist and peacefulness still cannot be reached whereas there are many international aids to find out the way to solve the problems. United nation has sent 26,000 International peace keepers to help to balance the condition in Darfur. There are also many agreements had been done in the last 6 years. In May 2006 the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, led by Minni Minnawi, signed a peace agreement with the Sudanese government. The other faction of the SLM, led by Abdul Wahid al Nur, the founding leader of SLM, refrained from signing the agreement10. However, The agreements and mediations than have been done could not effectively works to settle down the situation. This case became more complex since President Omar al-Bashir was caught by International Criminal Court (ICC) on March 2009. He was accused for helping the rebel groups, which is crimes against humanity and war crimes worsened conflict in Darfur and other areas in Sudan7. One of the good news is since the past two years, there are fewer deaths than during the period of fighting on 2003/2004. The aid from many social organizations, both local and international, also helps people in Darfur to get better living. Darfur condition should be better by now with the current help and contribution from many parties, but the reality is Darfur still suffer in the long term conflict. CNN wrote, “Darfur is a huge crisis, If the peace agreement between the north and south fails, then it's quite hard to see any peace agreement working in Darfur in the foreseeable future6” . While it has been six years since the conflict erupted, there are not many alteration which leads to secure and peace situation. There are several causes of the war in Darfur with different versions and point of views. The ecological phenomenon in Darfur is one of trigger for the conflict. Long time ago, Arab Nomad and the farmer of Arab and Africa lived in harmony. However, along with decreased of soil/land productivity, both of the tribal started the conflict. This ecological conflict leads this problem into the ethnic/tribal clashes and also religious issue. Muamar Gaddafi, the president of Libya said, “It is really ridiculous because the cause of Darfur conflict is only a camel5”, which is illustrate how tough the living in Darfur. The root of this conflict was actually a simple thing which is developed into serious situations. Many political issue is also cause war in Darfur, one of them is include the US intervene which is believed endorse the rise of open problems in Darfur9. Since Darfur is very rich in mineral natural resource such as: oil, gold, uranium, etc. US government was suspected want to dominate and colonize it, thus they made scenario of this problems but there is no real prove for that notion. Western and Islamic community has their own perception about the real causes of Darfur conflict. The crisis humanity in Darfur brings several effects not only for Darfur people but also people globally. Physical injuries are the most visible effect which can be seen since the turmoil and much violation happen in that place. The war, rape, and brutality will bring psychological trauma to the people especially for women and children. Trauma and bitterness usually give a long term impact peoples’ psychology. The increase of refugee rate is also one of the impact of this crisis because they feel insecure live in Darfur, thus it will be better to live in better place with their family. Based on United Nation reports, around 2,000,000 people have been displaced at the moment and approximately 9,000 people were killed since the first open war started10. Global impact concerning Darfur situation is the turn up of many sympathy and attention from people around the world. It is proven by the presence of over 20 International and local NGO are effectively works in Darfur in the field of Humanitarian aid and relive, such as: The Disasters Emergency Committee, The United Nation World Food Programme, Oxfam, Medecins Sans Frontieres, UNICEF, etc11. The war is affecting the business and political relationship between Sudan and China. Sudan was one of the oil suppliers for China, since Sudan rich of oil especially in Darfur. The humanitarian crisis in Darfur carried a lot of impact to people worldwide. There are several solution proposed to help improvement in Darfur condition. The simplest way to help Darfur is to tell the closest people like family, friends, and colleague about Darfur situation. It could also be inform in blogs, social community (such as facebook8 )and forum in internet. The purpose is to get people awareness of Darfur. Donation would very helpful for Darfur people especially money, food, medicine and volunteer since the crisis made people suffer a lot and many of them death because of diseases. Since the UN is not success to create peacefulness and stability in Darfur, Darfur people have to strive by themselves. People in Darfur have to be stand up to fight because it has been several years they become the victims of themselves because of the internal problems whether ecological, ethnic, religious, etc which is involve their government and the third parties inside and outside Sudan. People in Darfur should be well educated (especially school age), besides to obtain better knowledge, they must also have better understanding about what is going on in their country. Thus, they would know which side is right and wrong. This solution my not work in the short term period, but along with time go Darfur could be better place. It could spend more than one years, however if the people in Darfur want to try and struggle for their independent or reconcilement, it must be success sooner or later. The improvement of Darfur could be made by combining effort from outsiders (global people) and people in Darfur itself. In conclusion, there are some movement should be done to resolve or at least improve the condition in Darfur. “If we do not end war – war will end us. Everybody says that, millions of people believe it, and nobody does anything.12” War to bad purpose will never be good for both parties. It just makes everything turn worse and there is no better solution except stop it. it is really not an easy thing to solve a religious ethnic war that has been contaminated by kind of political interference. Everybody could only hope that Darfur war and crisis would be ended and people in Darfur could have better life in peace. ----------------------- T SLM/A : Sudan Liberation Movement/Army ; founder: Abdul Wahid al Nur Q JEM: Justice Equally Movement; Founder: Minni Minnawi h Al-Bashir : President of Sudan Humanity Crisis in Darfur