Civil_Rights

Associate Level Material Appendix C Leaders and Legislation of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements Identify leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification' What legislation was relevant during these critical times' Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |Martin Luther King Jr. |1955-1968 |Montgomery Improvement Association. Southern |His organization represented Rosa Parks and led| | | |Christian Leadership Conference |Blacks to use nonviolent direct action to | | | | |obtain the same rights that Whites already | | | | |enjoyed. Also used civil disobedience | | | | |techniques to give the Black community the same| | | | |rights as Whites (Schaefer, 2006 p.198). Led | | | | |marches through Birmingham to demand fair | | | | |employment opportunities, desegregation of | | | | |public facilities. And the release of 3,000 | | | | |people arrested during these marches (Schaefer,| | | | |2006, p.199). | |Stokely Carmichael |1966 |Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee |After James Meredith was wounded in his one man| | | | |march a to encourage fellow African Americans | | | | |to overcome their own fears and vote after the | | | | |passage of the Voting rights Act, Carmichael | | | | |continued the March and told the African | | | | |Americans we need Black Power to promote new | | | | |communities and institutions that will cause | | | | |group solidarity within the Black race, which | | | | |was necessary to survive in a pluralistic | | | | |society (Schaefer, 2006, p. 202-203). | | |1838-1895 |Anti-slavery convention in 1841. Agent for |Led abolitionists after being freed from | |Frederick Douglas | |anti-slavery movement in Massachusetts. Started|slavery by escaping by providing speeches | | | |anti-slavery newspaper, The North Star |against slavery through publications and at | | | | |conventions. First black citizen to hold a high| | | | |United States government rank. Provided | | | | |autobiography of his life as a slave and after | | | | |slavery, which is a book today that is part of | | | | |American literature. | |Booker T. Washington |1856-1915 |Head of educational institute for Blacks in |Became a spokesman for Blacks for decades after| | | |Tuskegee, Alabama (Tuskegee Institute). Famous |his famous speech in 1856. Gave hope to blacks | | | |speech in 1856 |and was congratulated by President Grover | | | | |Cleveland. Asked that blacks need to be | | | | |educated because it would be a wise investment | | | | |for whites. Was very popular among the white | | | | |community, which caused African Americans to | | | | |have the same rights and opportunities as | | | | |Whites (Schaefer, 2006, p.192). | |W.E.B. Du Bois |1905 |Niagara Movement. NAACP. |Direct inspiration for the beginning of the | | | | |interracial group NAACP, which is marked in | | | | |American history as the merging of white | | | | |liberalism and Black militancy, a coalition | | | | |unknown since the end of the abolition movement| | | | |and reconstruction (Schaefer, 2006, p.193. | |James Meredith |1962 |Civil Rights Activist/Integration of Blacks at |Wrote a memoir of his experience as the first | | | |Colleges in America |black American at Mississippi University in | | | | |1966 called Three Years In Mississippi. Gained | | | | |national recognition for the fight for his | | | | |acceptance into the University, which led to | | | | |the resolving issues within the issue of school| | | | |segregation. Carried a one person march to | | | | |encourage black Americans to get over their | | | | |fears and promote Black Power and gain its | | | | |acceptance, which has led to black | | | | |organizations all around America. | | | | | | |Malcolm X |1960’s |Nation of Islam |Taught how race and black nationalism was | | | | |needed for the black race to survive. Although | | | | |some black civil rights activists, such as | | | | |martin Luther King opposed his views, he was | | | | |very powerful into the black movement into the | | | | |Nation of Islam. | | | | | | | | | | | Part II Once you complete the matrix, use the space below to write a 75- to 100-word response describing the role civil disobedience played in the Civil Rights Movement. Civil disobedience played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement. This belief is based on that people have the right to disobey these laws under certain circumstances, which was embraced by Martin Luther King Jr., as he used these techniques to show whites and blacks that use nonviolent techniques of direct action to obtain rights that Whites already enjoyed, was a major step in the integration of blacks in America. Civil disobedience ended segregation seating on buses in the South, Rosa Parks, which eventually was accepted by Whites and allowed Whites to know that Blacks opposed racism, which undercut violent reaction by Whites (Schaefer, 2006, p.198).