Child_Development

|Age |Physical |Social/Emotional |Language/Communication | | |Development |Development |Development | |0-6 months |Legs not strong enough to stand. |Will settle at the sound of a familiar voice. Shows pleasure at |Makes happy noises. Turns head to sounds. Will stop crying to familiar | | |Developing |sounds he likes and at being talked to. Expresses distress. Stares|sounds. Makes individual sounds to express distress. | | |ability to hold head up at 3 mths, Grabbing at |at parent during feeding. Smiles. | | | |objects and bringing to mouth. | | | |6-12 |Will pull him/herself up to sit. Plays with feet |Actively plays with toys. Enjoys rattles and shaking toys. Puts |Makes more repetitive sounds. Laughs and screams with excitement. Listens| |months |and kicks legs. Bounces, rolls over. Start |arms up to be lifted. Touches the bottle or breast when being fed. |to voices. Copies simple sounds. Shouts for attention. Understands BYE | | |crawling. Leans to pick up things. Walks when |Developing identity and tests boundaries. Shows interest in |and NO. Can communicate using sounds. | | |holding hands. Pull him/herself up to stand. Sits |everything. Has favourite toys. Becomes unfriendly to strangers. | | | |up unsupported. |Recognises family. | | |1-2 years |Start walking. Can get up and down the stairs. Can|Separation anxiety. Loves looking at picture books. Uses action |Understands everyday words. Knows his/her name. Can follow simple | | |move around furniture. Often falls over. Kneels. |toys purposefully. Greets familiar people. Shows affection. Needs|instructions. Will scream to get own way. Pointing at things he/she wants. | | |Runs. Can carry large toys. Can drink out of a cup|reassurance. Clingy. Pretend plays with dolls. No sense of danger.|Speech is increasing. Recognises and points to body parts. Enjoys singing | | |and feed him/herself. |Helps to dress. Short attention span. Pushing boundaries. Can tidy|and stories. Can make him/herself understood verbally. Repeats words. | | | |up. | | |2-3 years |Can run easily and safely around objects. Climbs |Enjoys role-play and dressing up. Enjoys playing with home corner |Listens when being spoken to. Speech developing – can name many objects. | | |up and down from furniture. Kicking and throwing |toys. No sense of danger. Developing strong will. Does not like |Can follow instructions. Has ‘conversations’. Can speak many more words | | |balls developing. Can walk up and down the stairs.|being told off. Starts having tantrums. Beginning to understand |and can make sentences. Enjoys singing and nursery rhymes. Can ask | | |Enjoys riding toys. Walks on tiptoes. Jumping. |sharing. Starts to play with other children. Is aware of other |questions. Enjoys discussing stories in books. | | |Beginning signs of toilet training. |children’s emotions (if a baby is crying).Says MINE a lot and very | | | | |protective over favourite toys. Very reliant on parent and can be | | | | |clingy. | | |3-5 years |Confident on climbing and outdoor equipment. Rides|Affectionate – especially to younger children. Enjoys helping with |Very eager to learn – asking constant questions. Can count up to 20. | | |a pedal tricycle. Throws, catches and kicks a ball.|household jobs. More ‘pretend’ play, role-play and dressing up. |Speech is clear and understandable – can have conversations. Remembers and| | |Runs up the stairs. Runs on tiptoes. Can balance |Behaviour beginning to settle. Developing a sense of humour. Can |sings songs. Joins in on familiar stories and can tell simple stories. | | |on one foot. |tidy up toys. Plays with other children, sharing more willingly. | | | | |Can feed him/herself. Can go to the toilet alone. Can dress | | | | |him/herself. Can brush teeth and wash hands. | | |5-7 years |Dances, Can do sports and keep fit exercises. |Can still be anxious when away from family. Getting used to going |Can now speak competently. Can recall and relay the events of the day, and| | |Energetic. Enjoys outdoor activities. Learning to|to school for full days. Developing independence. Making special |remember past events. Good imagination and story telling skills. Begins to| | |swim. Starting to be able to ride a bike. Use |friends. Plays in groups of children, sharing and taking turns. |learn and enjoy foreign languages. Can make him/herself understood and can| | |skipping ropes. Karate. Many sports are now |Enjoys being given responsibility and realises consequences. |reason and argue with adults. | | |available and enjoyed. | | | |7-12 years |Growing stronger. Enjoys swimming, sports. Can |Rebellion is beginning, and questioning adult authority. Is more |Realising the power of words, but doesn’t always realise how hurtful they | | |walk long distances. Can ride a bike. Growing |independent, but still needs reassurance from her parents. Beginning|can be. Strong communication skills. Can explain and reason with adults | | |taller. Can do more intricate things. Possibly |to mix with same gender children and enjoys group activities. |easily. Can express their feelings. | | |starting puberty. | | | |12-16 |Puberty is now beginning. Boys will grow taller |Mood swings become more regular. Concerns about self image, |Capable of communication with adults and peers. Can hold discussions on | |years |and widen – looking more like men. Girls will grow|identity and school will increase. Possible anxiety and insecurity |numerous issues and put across relevant arguments. | | |taller and hips and chest will grow wider. Both |may develop, helped by support and understanding from parents. | | | |will be growing stronger. |Behaviour can deteriorate. Personal space is not respected. Bad | | | | |language and habits are being learned from his/her peers, and | | | | |boundaries are being pushed. Beginning to show interest in the | | | | |opposite sex, and will start to develop relationships. Becoming | | | | |secretive and withdrawn. | | |Age |Intellectual |Activities/Equipment |Health |Safety & Security | | |Development |Provided |Needs |Arrangements | |0-6 months |Alert - follows people with eyes and head. Looks and |Black and white pictures for stimulation. |Immunisations – diphtheria, tetanus, |Ensure baby safely strapped into buggy/chair. | | |plays with hands and fingers. |Brightly coloured toys with different textures and|whooping cough, polio. Only breast milk |Sleeping positions in cot – feet to bottom. Not| | | |sounds. Rattles for noise and comfortable for |or formula feeds. |overheated or with cover over head. Alert for | | | |holding. |Protect from germs and pollution. Sun |pets. | | | | |safety | | |6-12 |Watches more intently at thing going on around them. |Brightly coloured toys with different textures. |Immunisations. Protect against germs. |Stair-gates on all steps, and be aware of | |months |Passes toys from hand to hand. Recognises names. |Toys that have buttons and other parts to push, |Washing hands and toys. Sun safety. |dangers in the kitchen. Be aware of placing | | |Points at pictures. Enjoys story time. Using thumb |pull, turn. Toys that have an action (push a |Choosing healthy and appropriate food for |items on surfaces where the baby can reach up | | |and finger to pick things up. Remembers toys and what|button and something pops up). Picture books. |weaning. Be aware of high temperatures – |and pull down over itself. Hot drinks and | | |they do. |Animals. Music and stories. |febrile convulsions. |burns. Tripping hazards. Poisoning – keep all | | | | | |chemicals/medicine out of reach. | | | | | |Cover plug sockets. | |1-2 years |Knows how to use objects. Can build tower of bricks. |Naming cards – body parts, faces, food, animals. |MMR Vaccination. Watching for childhood |Stair gates and access to dangerous areas | | |Small motor skills developing. Can scribble with |Shape sorters. Water play. Sand play. Play-doh |illnesses. Protect against germs. |(kitchen). Keep hot drinks and foods out of | | |pencil. Can identify pictures with words. |with shape cutters. Crafts – crayons. Paints. |Encourage health & hygiene. Sun |reach. Cover plug sockets. Keep chemicals & | | | |Glue. Glitter. Blocks, lego. Balls. Musical |protection. Keep fever under control. |medicines out of reach. Tripping hazards. Lock| | | |toys. |Risk of febrile convulsions. |doors – no access to leave the house. Strap | | | | | |safely in buggy, or holding hands/harness when | | | | | |on the street. | |2-3 years |Can hold a pencil in stronger hand. Can make |Toys to develop hand eye coordination – puzzles, |Watching for childhood illnesses. As the |Continue to restrict access to dangerous areas | | |deliberate marks on paper – up and down, round, side |beads, threading, scribbling with crayons. |child has more contact with other children|such as kitchen. Walking children should be | | |to side, dots. Building towers. Can identify people in|Painting, sticking – working with colours, shapes,|(at play group / nursery) they will |held on a harness, or by the hand when outside. | | |pictures. Can identify colours and shapes. |different textures. Role-play toys – kitchen |contract more infections. Chicken Pox is |Start teaching children Road Safety. Keep all | | | |equipment, dolls, construction, cars, emergency |one risk. Ensure a healthy diet is |chemicals and medicines out of reach. Start to | | | |services. Books, longer stories. Repetitive |adopted. Good hygiene practice at all |teach ‘stranger danger’. | | | |stories. Music – to sing and dance to. Balls. |times – especially after going to the | | | | |Jumping games, running – going to park. Trips out|toilet/potty. | | | | |to museums, adventure parks. | | | |3-5 years |Names colours. Builds high towers and simple |Books, music. Memory games – cards. Role-play – |Ensure healthy diet and good hygiene |Teach ‘stranger danger’. Teach Road Safety. | | |buildings. Enjoys arts and crafts and makes |home corner – kitchen, dolls, clothes. |practice. Develop good dental hygiene, to|Be aware of illnesses and infections the child | | |deliberate pictures. Can use scissors. Holds a pencil|Construction toys. Diggers. Lego and blocks. |keep baby teeth healthy in preparation for|may come into contact with. Chicken pox, head | | |correctly. Can draw simple pictures – house, people. |Puppets. Art and crafts – more specific colouring |adult teeth. Problems with eye sight |lice. | | | |books. Sticking and glitter. Beads – necklace |could become apparent. Regular checks at |Teach your child what to do in an emergency. Do| | | |making. Painting. Plastercine. Junk Modelling. |opticians and dentists. |not allow them to be alone in the house, or to | | | |Outdoor play – swings, slides, climbing frames. | |open the front door. Ensure they are safe while| | | |Tents and tunnels. Puzzles – wooden and jigsaw. | |taking a bath, or playing with water outside. | | | |Counting games. Stencils and shapes. Planting | | | | | |flowers in the garden. Water and sand play. | | | | | |Introduce simple instruments. Baking. | | | |5-7 years |Enjoys learning a greater number of subjects. Can |Still interested in construction and creation – |Teach about healthy eating. More aware of|Teach stranger danger and road safety. Teach | | |read and understand what they are reading. Starts to |lego, knex, blocks. Enjoys role-play – beginning |what is good and bad for you. Encourage |independence, but to be constantly aware of | | |write about stories they read. Mathematics developing|to show preferences in activities – boys and |good hygiene, and dental practice. Still |dangers around them. Still do not allow to stay| | |– ability to add and subtract. Simple multiplication.|girls. Arts and crafts, creating from raw |alert for childhood illnesses. Continue |in the house alone. Do not allow them to open | | |Understanding and interest in Science. Enjoying |materials with less instruction. Themed activities|to check on eye sight and teeth. |the front door to strangers. | | |languages. Learning to read the time. |– space / the world / festivals. Simple sewing, | |Start to teach their home address and telephone | | | |beading, threading. Outdoor activities – swings, | |number. | | | |climbing frames, ropes, swimming. Starting to | |Teach about the emergency services, how to | | | |show interest in playing games on the computer and| |contact them, and what to do in an emergency. | | | |developing ITC skills. Word games – scrabble. | | | | | |Board games – more complicated rules. Cooking. | | | | | |Gardening. Instruments. | | | |7-12 |Solving logic problems. Deeper understanding of |Less ‘playing’ and more ‘researching’. Creative |Puberty may be starting. Good nutrition |Be alert for bullying in school. Discussions | |years |science, the world and culture. Very large vocabulary|play – building more complex models and buildings |is essential. Limit the amount of fat in |about events at school, or anything bothering | | |and good reading level. Deeper understanding of cause|– following instructions. Playing board games |diet. Lots of fruit and vegetables to |him/her. Road safety. Teach First Aid. | | |and effect. Understands past, present and future. |with more reality involvement – Monopoly. |give vitamins. Lots of calcium. Start to | | | |Doing more complex mathematical calculations. |Understanding more complex rules. Playing |teach about drug abuse. Discourage | | | |Understands the concept of money and finance. |instruments and learning to read music. Computer |smoking and drinking of alcohol. | | | |Developing ICT skills. |games and programmes – developing typing skills. |Encourage to exercise every week. Start | | | | |Outdoor activities – bike riding, swimming, tennis|to discuss puberty and sex education. | | | | |– hand eye coordination vastly improved. Karate |Look out for allergies. | | | | |and group sports. Cooking – learning about health| | | | | |diets. Gardening. Measuring/weighing – science | | | | | |experiments. | | | |12-16 |Deciding on subjects to study at school, and showing |Reference books. Musical instruments. Outdoor |Diet is of growing importance. Puberty is|Teach health a healthy and safe attitude to sex | |years |signs of preferences (maths/English/science). Have |activities – bikes, team sports, karate, swimming,|causing him/her to put on weight. Changes|education. Teach them about birth control and | | |idealistic views of the future. Beginning to consider |dance, aerobics. |in the body are confusing and need to be |also about Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Teach| | |career options. Learning in more specific ways as |Building models, creating things – woodwork. |monitored. Girls need to be aware of |them not to experiment with drugs and the | | |subjects in school increase, and work load multiplies.|Enjoys playing games on computer or games console.|periods. Sleep times are longer. Be |dangers involved. Encourage them not to drink | | |Good understanding and skills in ICT. More intricate |Television and movies feature more. |aware of anorexia and other eating |alcohol or to smoke. Teach them about safety on| | |craft work. Possible beginning to do woodwork and | |disorders. Encourage exercise. |the internet, to be aware of dangers in chat | | |other specialised crafts. | | |rooms. To be alert for signs of bullying in | | | | | |school our outside. |