Cellular_Respiration

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it I. Background: all eukaryotes perform cellular respiration, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists. II. Overall Cellular Respiration reaction: III. More Background: The "goal" of cellular respiration is to change energy found in fuel into energy that the cell can utilize effectively. A. Fuel = glucose 1. each mole of glucose has about 686 kcal of accessible energy in bonds. This is a measure of ΔG (Gibb's free energy), which is the maximum amount of energy available to do work (vibrate molecules) from the reaction. B. Cellular energy molecule = ATP The Cellular energy molecule that cellular respiration produces is called adenosine triposphate. C. example of the work ATP can do: 1 keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it C. example of the work ATP can do: D. Under cellular conditions (in vivo), ATP has about 12-14 kcal/mole (usable energy). ΔG = -12 kcal/mole. the above ΔG value is for in vitro conditions. 1. To do: Calculate how many moles of ATP could be made if cellular respiration was 100% efficient ' 2. In reality, cells can produce only about 36 moles of ATP per mole of glucose. How efficient is the reaction' 3. What happens to the excess energy' IV. Cellular respiration is an oxdiation reduction reaction! 2 3. What happens to the excess energy' keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it IV. Cellular respiration is an oxdiation reduction reaction! A. Glucose is oxidized - loses high energy electrons B. Oxygen is reduced - gains low energy electrons. Are you asking what happened to the energy in the electrons' C. The result is cellular respiration: the movement of high energy electrons taken from glucose, transfered through a series of reactions that uses the energy in them to make ATP, and finally the addition of low energy electrons to oxygen to form water. V. NAD+ and FAD get reduced to carry electrons and protons. A. NAD+ +2e- --> NADH, H+ niacin in diet B. FAD + 2e --> FADH2 riboflavin in diet C. Key concept: The electrons that NADH and FADH2 carry will + provide energy for the active transport of H across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (draw pic) 3 riboflavin in diet keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it C. Key concept: The electrons that NADH and FADH2 carry will + provide energy for the active transport of H across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (draw pic) VI. Cellular Respriation in detail: the 3 main stages of Cellular Respiration A. Glycolysis - literally means cutting of glucose, and that is what happens. 6C glucose is broken down into 2, 3C pyruvic acids. MAIN JOBS: make 2 ATP, 2 NADH. . 4 A. Glycolysis - literally means cutting of glucose, and that is what happens. 6C glucose is broken down into 2, 3C pyruvic acids. keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it MAIN JOBS: make 2 ATP, 2 NADH. . 1. Glycolysis in detail, part 1: the split. 5 keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it 2. Glycolysis in detail, part 2: the ATP and NADH 3. SUMMARY: IN OUT B. Pre-Krebs and Krebs Cycle Recations 1. the pre-Krebs pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction MAIN JOBS: Make NADH (one per pyruvate, or 2 per original glucose) 6 keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it SUMMARY: IN OUT 2. The Krebs Cycle: MAIN JOBS: Make NADH, FADH2 and ATP. SUMMARY: IN OUT 7 keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it SUMMARY: IN OUT C. Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis MAIN JOBS: unload high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2, use their energy to actively transport H+ across inner membrane, and then produce ATP using diffusion. 1. where is the energy going' 2. 8 keywords/quesions notes where is the energy going' extra info i get it 2. 3. ATPase/ATP synthase SUMMARY: IN OUT VII. Fermentation: Cellular Respiration makes ATP (about 36) when there is oxygen in the cell. But if there is no oxygen, then fermentation can help cells survive temporarily. 9 keywords/quesions notes extra info i get it VII. Fermentation: Cellular Respiration makes ATP (about 36) when there is oxygen in the cell. But if there is no oxygen, then fermentation can help cells survive temporarily. A. Fermentation is unloading of NADH so that glycolysis can continue! 1. lactic acid fermentation 2. alcoholic fermentation B. Again, all of the ATP made during fermentation is produced by glycolysis. If you are confused, make sure that you get some help. Check the detail in class and on the other handouts!!!!! 10