Causes_of_Ww1

Causes of WW1 CAUSES OF WW1 1. IMPERILASM 2. LONG TERM! LONG TERM! THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM: * THE TRIPLE ENTENTE – Russia, France, Britain * THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE- Austria-Hungry, Italy, Germany 3. THE ARMS RACE- MILITARISM 4. NAVY 5. NATIONALISM Short term Short term 6. THE ASSASINATION OF ARCH DUKE FRANZ FERDINAND The world at the beginning of the 20th Century: * Influence the way you live: sex, nationality, social class, economic position, gov+location * “membership” – certain class , reflect economic role + opportunities * UPPER CLASS; family, own land of others, politics, provided officer class with nations military forces, enjoy high status, didn’t reflect talent or ability. * MIDDLE CLASS; new group involved in development, control of industries, commercial ventures. Law medicine. Individual efforts; mimicked upper class. * URBAN WORKING CLASS: provided labour for those who controlled nations resources. Low wage, bad living conditions, struggled, over crowd conditions. * RURAL WORKING CONDITIONS: seasonal nature of much of the available work. Similar conditions were the same. INDUSTRIALISATION: * Making goods using machinery , no labour * Work more specialised , production greater and more efficient * BRITIAN- COAL , TEXTILE * GERMANY- ENGEERING * Competition economic, colonial power. * Advancements: electricity (factories, tramcars), replace stream trains (added growth ) * Regional phenomenon, business, finical sectors that encouraged agrarian economy. * Nation indoor to become more powerful and improvement living: EXTENT OF INDUSTRIES, TECH, and COMMITMENT TOWARDS MODERNISATION. URBANISATION: * CATYLST for change of old, political, social, economic, cultural order of the eager 21 century * For people to live in cities, leave rural. * Problem rapid: housing cheap, no sewage, coal fires pollution, spread of disease. * SOCIAL CHANGE * 20TH century- women second class * Benefits, wealth , position didn’t support them * Few opportunities FORMS OF GOV. * Dynastic= inherited power. EMPEROR FRANZ JOESPH , AUSTRIA , TSAR NICHOLAS 2 – ROMONOV(autocrat) * Britain- constitutional monarchy. Democracy. IMPERIALISM MORE POWER FOR NATIONS, BY TAKING CONTROL OF OTHER NATIONS+RESOURCES. NEW IMPERALISM: LATE 19 TO EARLY 20TH - AGGRESSIVE PUSUIT OF COLONIES, RIVARLY, DRIVEN IDEAS OF OWN, RACIAL, INTLLECTUAL SUPERIORTY. NATURE OF COUNTRIES+ REASONS SOUGHT COLONIES: * BRITIAN- 1. Great power. 370 million ppl. (African continents, Canada, Australia) 2. Increase international market, investment, protection of existing trade. * FRANCE- 1. 2ND greatest, 58 million( Africa , Indochina) 2. Restoring lost pride, franco-prussian war. New market, investment. * GERMANY- 1. missed opportunity to take control of land overseas 2. OTTO VON BISMARCK – GERMAN CHANCELLOR UNTIL 1890. COMPETING WITH BRITIAN, GIVE POWER TO PRESSURE BRITIAN GIVING INTO SOME OF GERMANY’S FOREIGN POLICIES. * AUSTRIA-HUNGRY- 1. Est. expansion of Europe. Borders 2 countries, 50 million ppl. * RUSSIA- 1. Acquired empire through expansion of Europe, 1/6 earth's surface. 2. An economic, strategic power, territory in Iran, blackens. 3. Balkans = Mediterranean sea, 4 diverse raw materials 4. Persia= rich oil. * UNITED STATES= fix problems 1890 depression * JAPAN= gain access raw material own area. . Strength. * Colonial peoples, cheap labour, pay tax to support the colonial masters. BACKGROUD OF WW1 – 1890- 1914 CAUSES LONG TERM 1. Nationalism: * powerful nation states made in Europe from the French revolution * End of Napoleonic war. SETTLEMENT OF CONGRESS VIENNA 1915 , principle of nationalism ignored to keep peace * Germany – Italy, divided states. Strong nationalist movements led unification ITALY 1961 & GERMANY 1971 * Franco Prussian war (1870-71). France revenge for loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. * Problems Austria –hungry & Balkans, cause of nationalist groups * Pan Slavism –(slaves) – of Serbia, Russia , support Slavic brothers , Austral-Hungry Pan Germanism 2. Imperialism * Increase conflict Europe * Manufacturing increase – GB,G,F * Economic expansion – Africa, Asia, etc. * 7 crises foreshadowing the war- North Africa, clash of GER, BOTH B&F * Austria-hungry, Balkans nations (Balkans" covers not only those countries which lie within the boundaries of the Balkan Peninsula) and Russia were tempted by decaying Ottoman Empire. 3. Alliances * WW1 was caused in part by the two opposing alliances by BISMARKIAN DIPLOMCY after the Franco Prussian War. * In order to isolate France: formed 3 emperors league in 1872- ALL ALLIANCE BETWEEN GERMANY andR+AS! * TERRITORAL SETTLEMENT- CONGRESS OF BERLIN (indep state , Turkish territories Bosnia handed to A-H administrator . changes in Balkans , led to 1914 . impact Russians resentful about Bismarck’s role in diplomatic defeat, suspicious Germany policy) * French occupied Tunisia, Bismarck advantage of Italian resentment to France, created the TRIPLE ALLIANCE.! 1882 G+I+AUSTRIA HUNGRY. * Italy agreement = to stay neutral. If war A-H protest Italy from France. * R+ A-H, suspicious conflicts 1887- Balkans, Bismarck fixed, Reinsurance Treaty with R, allowing both powers to stay neutral if war. * 1890- Kaiser William 2- abounded Bismarck system * 1894- Russia France- DUAL ENETENT * 1896- BUIILD BATTLE FLEET * 1904- FRENCH APPROACHED BRITISH , OUTSTADING COLONIAL AFFAIRS * 1907- ANFLO-RUSIIAN ENTENTE – DISAGREEMENTS AFG+PERSIA * TRIPLE-ENTENTE 4. Militarism * Glorification – ideas of a Prof Military class + heightened influence of military men on the policies of the government. * Force military as a solution to problems, militarism main causes. * 1889- Modernize royal navy * 1896- Germany high sea fleets * German navy- Grand Admiral Von Tirpitz. * He – build , 2/3 of the royal Navy , concentrated North sea * Tension between bag = B, negotiate an end to the naval race. * 1906- Britain limitations in naval construction. * Germany= neutrality in any European war. * Couldn’t be agreed, Britain feared Germany domination of Europe. * Sir John fisher, began expand the British fleet. ANGLO –GERMAN NAVAL RACE 1906- Britain HMS DREADNOUGHT. * 1898- GERMANY SET OUT NAVY 2 THE SIZE OF BRITIANS * 1906- LAUNCED HMS DREADNOUGHT * THE MILITARISM EVIDENT IN ANGLO GERMAN NAVAL RIVARLY WAS ALSO EVIDENT IN THE ATTEMPT OF OTHER GREAT POWERS TO EXPAND THEIR MILITARYLY CAPABILITIES. * Steam turbine engines instead of piston engines, 1st time ever. * Weakened naval position. * Made all battleships, absolute * Germany built own * 1908-intesified. German naval law – 4 new dreadnoughts * 1912- Britain again to truce naval race * European = arming preparing for war. * After 1880’s infantry increases , cause of repeating rifles * France= 3.5 million * Germany 3.5 million * Russia = 4 million EUROPE 1890 * GB balance for power. * France fear Germany * Italy , ottoman empire weak by strategically located * Russia isolated. THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM The triple entente the triple alliance 1. GB GERMANY 2. RUSS TENSION A-H 3. FRANCE Italy The allies the central allies BG GERMANY RUSSIA A-H FRANCE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ITALY BULGARIA SERBIA ROMANIA ALL IT NEEDED WAS A SPARK THE BALKAN POWER KEG: