Bsnl

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Reported By:- GOHIL INDRAVIJAYISNH.N. ELECTRONICS & COMM. S – 137406033 INDEX Page no. • Acknowledgement …………………………………………… 3 • Objectives ……………………………………………………. 4 • Introduction ………………………………………………….. 5-12 • Invention of telephone ……………………………………... • Over view of BSNL ………………………………………... • Layout of Exchange …………………………………………. 13-19 • Types of Exchanges ………………………………………….. 20-61 • C-dot dss………………………………………………… ✓ C-dot dss max ……………………………………... ✓ C-dot dss max –l …………………………………… ✓ C-dot dss max-xl…………………………………… • 5ESS ……………………………………………………. • Services ………………………………………………………... 62-103 • Wire line ………………………………………………….. • Internet …………………………………………………... ✓ Dial – up …………………………………………... ✓ Broad Band ……………………………………….. • VOIP ……………………………………………………... • WLL (cdma) ………………………………………………. • GSM (mobile) …………………………..………………… • 3G ………………………………………………………... • Reference………………………………………………………………….. 104 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ➢ I am Indebted to My Colleagues of Electronics & Communication Department at Wahdwan City, Kotharia Road. Who have helped inspired encouragement in various ways in completing this task' I am pleased to acknowledgement the helpful comments and suggestions provided by many student. ➢ No words can give an adequate expression to our feelings of indebtedness. ➢ To our guide Mr. D. N. Parmar (S.D.E) B.S.N.L Exchange Dhangadhra phones work of this nature would not have been Possible without the encouragement & meticulous attention received from him. His invaluable guidance showed us the right direction of training report development his aim was not only to make us good engineer but also equally efficient professional. -: OBJECTIVES :- ➢ Our Report based on the C-dot dss Exchange. ➢ C-dot is an Exchange which is most used in telephonic system. ➢ It the Exchange Which Control the whole Process in our telephonic system. ➢ In this system it contains the it’s different categories. LIKE • C-dot dss Max • C-dot dss Max-l • C-dot dss Max-xl ➢ It is the System which is normally used for connection of the telephonic Systems. ➢ Work on telecom technology products and services. ➢ Provide market orientation to R & D activities and sustain ➢ C-DOT as center of excellence. ➢ Support Telco’s and service provides in the introduction of new technologies, features and services by optimal utilization of installed network. INVENTION OF [pic] “ TELLEPHONE ” ➢ Alexander Graham Bell patented the first Telephone instrument capable of practical use in 1876. This method was used in the first commercial instrument developed by Bell in 1876. In 1878, the first telephone exchange was established at New Haven. ➢ In 1880, two Telephone Companies viz. The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. and The Anglo-Indian Telephone Company Ltd. approached the   Govt. of India for permission to establish Telephone Exchanges in India. The permission was however refused on the grounds that the establishment of Telegraphs was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work in the event of sufficient demand. By 1881, Govt. of India changed their earlier decision and license was granted to the original Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening Telephone Exchanges at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Karachi and AHEMDABAD. ➢ 28th January, 1882, is a Red Letter Day in the history of Telephone in India. On this day Major E. Baring, Member of the Governor General's Council declared open the Telephone Exchange in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. The exchange at Calcutta named "Central Exchange" was opened at third floor of the building at 7, Council House Street. On 30-06-1882, the Central Telephone Exchange had 93 numbers of subscribers. ➢ On 1899, The Central Tele-   phone Exchange was shifted to   1, Council House Street. The   management of the Oriental   Telephone Company was   subsequently taken over by Bengal Telephone Company Limited. The telephone system in the city remained under management of Private Company till 1941 when all the shares of the Private Company were purchased by a Public Enterprise. The capital expends-   denture involved in this deal was Rs 117 lakhs only. From 1st   April 1943, the control of the Telephone system in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay was taken over directly by the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Deptt. In 1985, Indian P & T was bifurcated and the control of Telephone has been transferred to Deptt. Of Telecom. On 01-10-2002, the telephone system of Calcutta came under Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) along with all other circles except the city of Delhi and Mumbai which are under Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). [pic] [pic] | | [pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | ➢ Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Formed in October, 2000. It is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company. • B: BHARAT • S: SANCHAR • N: NIGAM • L: LIMITED. ➢ Providing comprehensive range of Telecom Services in India: • Wire line, • CDMA mobile, • GSM Mobile, • Internet, Broadband, • Carrier service, • MPLS-VPN, VSAT, • VOIP services, • IN Services etc. ➢ Presently it is one of the largest & leading public sector unit in INDIA. ➢ BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. • Today, It has about 46 million line basic telephone capacity. • 8 million WLL capacities, 52 Million GSM Capacities. • More than 38302 fixed exchanges, 46565 BTS, 3895 Node B (3G BTS), 287 Satellite Stations. • 614755 Rkm of OFC Cable, 50430 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.6 Lakhs Villages. ➢ BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. ➢ Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services.BSNL is numerous Uno operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer. ➢ BSNL cellular service, Cell One, has 55,140,282 2G cellular customers and 88,493 3G customers as on 30.11.2009. ➢ In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. ➢ BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, Account Less Internet (CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in country. ➢ BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0.6 million Data One broadband customers. ➢ The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. ➢ Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351, 820 million (US $ 8 billion) with net profit to the tune of Rs.99, 390 million (US $ 2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630, 000 million (US $ 14.37 billion). ➢ The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India. ➢ Mobile phone arena: • BSNL has geared itself to expand its cellular network to cater to an increasing number of subscribers. BSNL provides quality cellular services through optic fiber rings. Tariffs are structured to meet the needs and affordability of various kinds of customers. ➢ Cell One post paid services : • Apart from roaming facility, additional services like Short Messaging Service (SMS), Voice Mail (All that one has to do is dial the Voice Mail Number, give the message followed by receiver's cell number), and Internet access through Wireless Application Protocol (Wireless Application Protocol) can be availed through Cellone.Cellone subscribers can avail roaming facility by paying the roaming activation fee. ➢ Excel pre paid services : • Excel Pre paid cards is available in the denominations of Rs. 70, Rs 150, Rs 300, Rs.500, Rs.1000 and Rs 2000. The validity period is 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively. In case a subscriber wants to convert Excel pre-paid scheme to post paid scheme, it can be done without paying any additional activation charge. ➢ Tarang WLL : • The advent of CDMA technology has led to many further additions in the cellular industry. Keeping pace with the latest technology, BSNL's Tarang - Wireless in Local Loop (WLL) system connects subscribers to PSTN using radio frequency signals as a substitute for conventional wires for all or part of the connection between the subscribers and the telephone exchange. Tarang WLL offers a range of value added services such as - voice mail service, call waiting, call hold, call divert, 3-way call conferencing, caller line identification presentation (CLIP), caller line identification restriction (CLIR), STD/ISD locking, internet and data/fax transmission. • Yet another prominent segment is Internet services offered under the brand name Sancharnet. BSNL has achieved the numero Uno position in the Internet service market, this year. According to the latest number published by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), BSNL has a live subscriber base of 11,28,172 as of March 31, 2004, up from 4,45,992 subscribers in fiscal 2003. BSNL provides free all-India roaming and enables its users to access their accounts using the same access code and user-identification (ID) from any place in the country. For details about Sancharnet dial up packages log onto - http://www.sancharnet.in/ • In an effort to increase the reach, Internet dhobis were commissioned at all the block headquarters. BSNL also provides Web-hosting services to its customers. It also launched Internet telephony services under the brand name Web Phone. Besides BSNL also forayed into satellite communications. In its Endeavour to promote the services, BSNL also introduced several promotional packages on its services. • The services wouldn't make great impact if there is a huge gap in communication between the customer and the service provider. In its Endeavour to bridge such gap and ensure customer satisfaction, BSNL has a chain of customer service centers spread across the country. Providing a single window solution to customers, the customer service centers and call centers offer information on matters related to mobile and landline phones. • Above Shown Are The Primary Services Which Are Provided by The BSNL. -: EXCHANGE LAYOUT:- GENERAL This document describes the general layout and other requirement for C-DOT DSS Max exchanges. It is given the reader broad outline of C-DOT exchange environment i.e. Layout of switch/iop/omc room, electrical requirements and other preliminary arrangement like air-condition, floor preparation etc.They typical layout of C-DOT DSS MAX exchange consists of the following:- • Switch Room • IOP Room • Operator & Maintenance Room • Power Plant And Battery Room • Main Destruction Frame (MDF) • Transmission Room • A/C Room • Engine alternator room In single Base Module configuration, the switch room and are provided a single room whereas in Multi base Module configuration, switch room, IOP room and OMC room are generally located side by side on the same floor serrated by glass partitions. Other equipment like power plant, battery, transmission equipment, MDF, etc. are installed in separate rooms, either on the same or Different floors of the exchange building. In SBM configuration window type A/C are provided in switch room it self.A/C rooms house the requirement number of air condition units. Typical dimension of A/C room is 4.0m x 6.0m. -:SWITCH ROOM:- INTRODUCTION C-DOT DSS MAX switch room consists consists of BM & CM cabinets mounted in standard suites. The cabinets are organized in group four cabinets each. Each such group is called a half suite. In MAX-L/MAX-XL configuration the exchange can be organized as a number of half suites or full suites. For max-l /max-xl configurations min. one & half suites has accommodate CM in second half suites from wall. If configuration of MAX-L/MAX-XL requires amore than 2 suites then CM is to be installed in 3rd suites. It is also suggested that one DCDP is sufficient to cater power full requirement of 3 full suites with IOP,ADP,& OMA. If 4th suite is included then one more DCDP is required.To meet power requirement of 4th & 5th suite. To allow a free movement of a personal & access to equipment the following standard suites. Arrangements have been followed. • Min. dis. between two suites-1000mm • Min. dis. between first suites & wall-1000mm. • Min. dis. between last suites & wall-1600mm • Min. dis. between suites & wall-2200mm. • Min. dis. between first suites & wall-1000. ✓ On the power side end -2200mm. ✓ On the other side end -1000mm -: SWITCHING ROOM EQUIPMENT:- C-DOT max exchange switch room accommodates cabinets mounted in a standard suite. The cabinets are fixed to the switch room iron work & are interred connected by a cable. The height of iron work is around 2.4 meter. The cabinet size is: • Height: - 1.854 meter • Width: - 0.985 meter • Depth: - 0.624 meter An equipped cabinet weight between 350-400 kg. Earthling:- ❖ Earth resistance should be less than 0.5 ohms. Air-Conditioning:- Cabinets do not require any upward of a conditioned air through their bottom. Air supply grills, throwing conditioned air, may be conveniently located on the sides, or on the flash ceiling, if provided, to ensure uniform distribution. Heat load of the exchange due to occupancy & lighting load in the switch room omc room is also considered air considered provisions. For five full suites configuration. -:HEAT LOAD:- • Occupancy: 6 persons. • Power Dissipated by Equipments: 40kw. • Lighting Load: 1w/sq.ft. Air conditioning provision shop are required to provide the following stipulated Conditions in side the switch room/omc room. • Temp.: 21+_ 4C. • Relative Humidity: 45%-65%. • Fresh air: 1 & ½ changes per hour. • Air Cleanliness: filter ration 99% down to 5 micron. It is proposed to take into account the ambient condition prevailing out side the switch room, depending upon the part of country for which the C-DOT exchange is being planted. An adequate safety is considered while finalizing the air conditioning requirements depend upon the ambient condition of the locations. INPUT/ OUTPUT PRCESSOR (IOP) ROOM EQUIPMENT:- IOP room houses the following equipments:- • IOPs - 2 no. • VDU terminal (console) - 2 no. • IOP power distribution panel (IOP PDP) - 1 no. • Modems for RSUs - 2 no.(one at RSU end& one at MBM end) Line drivers:- If the distance between IOP and the operator poison in MDF room is more then 30 m. Line drivers have to be installed at IOP end and at operator position end. Miscellaneous:- Flooring false ceiling lighting and air conditioning are applicable as indicated in it. Operation & maintenance centre (OMC) room:- The OMC room incorporates the following equipment:- |Equipment |Qty. | |Alarm display panel |1 | |OMA |1 | |In director panel for fire detection system |1 | |Printer -1 for each IOP |2 | |Terminals |As per table below | VDU TERMINAL REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION:- |SR. NO. |CONFIGURATION |TERMINAL | | |(console+OMC+MDF) | | |1. |< 10 kg. |7 nos. | |2. |>= 1Okg. |10 nos. | POWER:- • -48 V DC supply to ADP & OMA is required. • Inverter supply to printers & VDUs. POWER PLANT & BATTERY ROOM POWER ROOM:- Presently in SBM exchanges conventional power & batteries are being dispatched where as in MAX-L/MAX-XL exchange only SMPS power plant and VRLA batteries are being dispatched. CONVENAIONAL POEWR PLANT:- The following equipment are housed in this room • Float Rectifier • Switching cubicle • IDP • Battery charger Dimensions of this room are same as for any Electronic exchange. CONVATIONAL BATTERY:- The battery room accommodates 2 x 24 cell batteries. It is compulsory that the battery room is located next to the power room. Dimensions of battery room are similar to applicable as for any electronic exchange. -:MDF ROOM:- Equipment:- The MDF room/cable chamber is located as in any other auto exchange building. MDF would provide easy access to in any used for terminating external cables on line side & equipment cables on exchange side. Facilities for disconnection. Complete flexibility will be available through jumper pair for inter connecting any line side cable pair to any equip. no. on the exchange side of the MDF. IDC type connector blocks are employed for easy, quick & effective connection. 10 pair modules with 100 pair connector blocks on the line side & 8 pair module with 64 pair connector blocks on the exchange side are used with protection module on the line side. MDF is provided in a form of verticals of height 3.5 meter. On the exchange side of the MDF each verticals is fixed with 10 nos. of 64 pair connector block consisting of 2/8 LSA module & on line side of MDF is fixed with 10nos. of 100 pair connector block consisting of 2*10LSA modules. IPMs are provided on line side for all terminations. [pic] [pic] [pic] 1. C-dot dss Exchange Here we studied about only the C-Dot Dss Exchanges. ➢ BRIEF HISTORY : - • The government; it was established in August 1984 as an autonomous body. It was vested The Center for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is the telecom technology development center of with full authority and total flexibility to develop state-of-the-art telecommunication technology to meet the needs of the Indian telecommunication network. The key objective was to build a center for excellence in the area of telecom technology. ➢ The management of  C-DOT has a three-tier structure: - • The governing Council: provides policy guidelines and approves the annual budget of the center. • The Steering Committee: has the role of reviewing and monitoring the performance of the center. • The Project Board: is responsible for the implementation of C-DOT’s project and the day-to-day function of the center. ➢ C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) was set up in August 1984 by the government of India. The Center for Development of Telematics is an autonomous body and is the center for the development of telecom technology. ➢ C- DOT has been given total flexibility and full authority to develop telecommunication technology of a world-class standard that will meet the telecommunication network needs of India. ➢ The main objective in setting up Center for Development of Telematics was to have an excellence center in the telecom technology area. The initial work of C- DOT in 1984 was to design and develop exchanges that are digital and also to encourage their manufacture on a large scale by the Indian industry. The scope of work of C-DOT was increased in the later period as it was given the charge of developing transmission equipment in 1989. C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) has offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, and Bangalore. | | ➢ The product portfolio of C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) consists of intelligent network solutions, products of access network, WDM & SDH technologies, support operation systems, management network systems, communication satellite systems, voice IP solutions, and switching digital systems. C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) has a 3-tier management structure, which includes the Steering Committee, the Governing Council, and the Project Board. ➢ The various objectives of C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) are to provide solutions for the future as well as current telecommunication requirements and also to converge networks that include those that are required for village applications. Further the various objectives of C-DOT are that it would work on services and products that are telecom technology based and built joint alliances and partnerships with Telco’s, solution providers, industry, and various other development organizations so as to offer solutions. ➢ C-DOT(Center for Development of Telematics) objectives includes that it would support service providers and Telco’s and help them to introduce new features, services, and technologies by the maximum utilization of the networks that have been installed. C-DOT has world-class standard infrastructure that includes R&D center and labs, employing around 907 people. The various achievements of C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) are that it has deployed telecom equipment worth around Rs.7500 crore, has made significant royalty and technology transfer earnings, and has solutions, technologies, and products of wide range. ➢ C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) achievements are that it has set up the process for the transfer of technology that is used for the purpose of production by multiple manufacturers, created a huge supply of technical manpower in the sector of telecom, and has done the development of technology with very low amount of capital investment. C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) has transferred various technologies to the manufacturers such as SBM RAX, NSE, IVRS, DSS MAX, 265P RAX, HDSL Modem, TDMA- PMP, and Enhanced IVRS (EVC). ➢ C- DOT (Center for Development of Telematics) thus, has been able to fulfill its objectives by manufacturing and transferring telecommunication technology to the manufacturers. Thus in the future also the Center for Development of Telematics must continue to make efforts to develop high standard telecommunication technology for this will help the country to grow ➢ The C-DOT DSS  FAMILY:- C-DOT DSS MAX is a universal digital switch can be configured for different application as local, transit or integrated local and transit switch. High traffic or capacity of 40000 lines as local exchange or 15000 trunks as Trunk automatic exchange. The design of C-DOT DSS MAX has seen by a family concept because of its advantages like standardized components, commonality in hardware, field hardware that used minimum number of cards, standard cards, racks, frames, cabinets and  distribution frames are used which facilitated flexible system growth that make C-DOT DSS MAX easy to maintain and highly reliable. FLEXIBLE ARCHITECTURE:-             C-DOT DSS is a modular and flexible digital switching system which provides economical means of serving metropolitan, urban and rural environments. It includes all important feature and compulsory services, required by the user with option of up gradation to add new feature and services in future. The architecture for the C-DOT DSS is such that it is possible to upgrade a working C-DOT Single Base Module.(SBM) or Multi Base Module (MBM)exchange  to provide Integrated Services Digital  Network (ISDN) service  by adding minimum addition hardware modules while continue to having existing hardware units. Another factor of architecture Remote Switching Unit (RSU). Is support ISDN. This RSU provides switching facility locally even in case of failure of the communication path to the parent exchange. The resources, which depend upon the number of terminal, are provided within the basic growth unit the Base Module. Base Processors are provided for handling call processing locally. In a small system application, these processors independently support call processing, exchange operation and maintenance function. ➢ ARCHITECTURE OF C-DOT DSS MAX:- C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges can be configured using four basic modules. 1. Base Module 2. Central Module 3. Administrative Module 4. Input Output Module Structure of C –DOT DSS MAX ➢ HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE:- [pic] ➢ C-DOT MAX  exchange can be configured using four basic modules:- 1. BASE MODULE (BM) 2. CENTRAL MODULE (CM) C 3. ADMINISTRATION STRATIVE MODULE (AM) 4. INPUT OUTPUT MODULE (IOM&IOP) a)   BASE MODULE (BM): -          The Base Module is the basic growth unit of the system. It interfaces the external world to the switch. The interfaces may be subscriber lines, along and digital trunks. Each Base Module can interface up to 2024 terminations. The number of Base Modules directly corresponds to the exchange size. It carries out majority of call processing function and in a small exchange application, it also carries out operation and maintenance function with the help of Input-Output Module. The Basic functions of base modules are:- 1. Analog to digital conversion of all signals on analog lines and trunks. 2. Interface to digital trunks and digital subscriber. 3. Switching the calls between terminals connected to the same Base Module. 4. Communication with the AM via the CM for administrative (i.e. Call processing) functions. 5. Provision of special circuits for call processing support e.g. Digital 6. Tones, announcement, MF/DTMF Senders/receivers. 7. Provision for local switching Unit (RSU) as well as in case of Single Base Module Exchange (SBM_RAX). ➢ There are two types of Base Modules:- 1. Single Base Modules(SBM) 2. Multi Base Module (MBM) In SBM exchange configuration, the Base Module acts as an independent switching BM directly interface with the Input Output Module for bulk data storage, operations and maintenance function. Clock and synchronization is provided by a source within the BM. It is a very useful application for small urban and rural environments. The Base cabinet houses total 6 frames:- •Terminal Unit (TU, Top 4 Frames) system and provides connection to 1500 lines and 128 trunks. In such a configuration. •         Base Processor Unit (BPU, 5th frame) •         Time switch unit (TSU) (1) DIGITAL TERMINAL UNIT( DTU ) : - Digital terminal unit is used to interface digital trunks, i.e. used between the exchanges. one set of Digital Trunks Synchronization (DTS) Card along with the Digital Trunk Controller(DTC) card is used to provide one E-1 interface of 2mbps.Each interface occupies one TG of 32 channels and four such interfaces share 4 TGs in a DTU. Here Terminal Unit Controller (TUC) is used of TIC and DSP cards. Out of 32 channels, 30 for voice communication and remaining two for Signaling  and Synchronization. In DTU 4 TGs are there so total number of unit are 4*30 = 120 units in DTU. (2) Signaling Unit Module # 7 or (SUM) : - It is used to support SS7 protocol handlers and some call processing function for CCS7 calls.SS7 capability in C_DOT DSS MAX exchanges is implemented in the form of SS& Signaling Unit Module (SUM) .The sum hardware is packaged into a standard equipment frame, similar to that of terminal unit. It is a module by itself and contains global resources. It interfaces with the Time Switch via Terminal Unit Controller (TUC) on a 128 channel PCM link operating at 8mbps. ISDN:- To support termination of BRI/PRI interfaces and implementation of lower layers of DSSI Signaling protocol. They are used as carriers to transport bulk volume of data. With the increasing use of internet access, the use of ISDN interface is likely to go up as it provides the reliable access to the user at the rate of 64/128kbps. It is of two types i.e. circuit switched voice and data and packet switched data. In circuit switch the traffic is routed through ISDN and is packet switched data the traffic is routed through PSPDN. • REMOTE SWITCH UNIT : - In this time switch card BMs are replaced  by Enhanced Switch Cards(ETS). It is used when the e exchange is at a far distance from the central module. It can modified BM via 2 mbps digital links. Analog and Digital trunk interfaces are also implemented in RSU to support direct perenting of small exchanges from RSU. Instead of perenting it to the main exchange. RSU is an autonomous exchange capable of local call completion. Only the even numbered BMs can be configured as RSU i.e. a maximum 16 RSUs are possible in C-DOT DSS MAX-XL. Remoter Switch Unit                                                 Normal BMs 1. Type of connectivity used is                        1.Type of connectivity is through E-1                                  data cables cards of 2mbps and E-3 cards of 32Mbs. 2. Contains Time Switch Cards.                   2. Contains Enhanced Switch Card. 3. Situated at a Distance.                               3. Should be in side of CM. • TIME SWITCH UNIT (TSU):- Time Switch Unit (TSU) implements three basic function as time switching with in the Base Module, routing of control message within the Base Module and across Base Module and support services like DTMF circuit, answering circuit, tones etc. These functions are performed by three different functional units, integrated as Time Switch Unit in a single frame. i.e. • SERVICE UNIT : -            It is integrated around three different cards as Tone Generator with Answering Circuit (TGA), Service circuit interface Controller (SCIC) and DTMF Controller, (MFC) Card. These three forms TGs towards Service Circuit interface (SCI). • BASE MESSAGE SWITCH (BMS) : -         Base Message Switch (BMS) route the control message with in the Base Module, across different Base Module and also Administrative Module via the Central Module. It is implemented around two cards as Message Switch Controller (MSC) with the Message Switch Device (MSD) with 16 HDCL links. So total 22 HDLC channels are implemented for communication with the Base Processor, Time Switch Controller, and Service Circuit interface Controller with in the BM. It transfers the message between the Base processor and these controllers. To supports 8, 00,000 BHCA, MSC AND MSD cards are replaced by a high Performance Switch (HMS) with high speed up to 750 Kbps, 32 bit microprocessor. TIME SWITCH (TS): - The Time Switch complex is implemented using three different functional cards as multiplexer/demultiplexer (TSM), Time Switch (TSS) and Time Switch Controller (TSC). The Time Switch complex performs time switching with in the Base Module: • Four 128 channel multiplexed link from four different terminal units which may be any combination of ATU,DTU,#7SU AND ISTU. • One 128 channel multiplexes BUS from the Service Circuit interface Controller (SCIC) in the Time Switch Unit. • Three 128 channel link to support on board three party conference circuit (3*128). BASE PROCESSOR UNIT:-             Base Processor Unit (BPU) is the master controller in the Base Module. It is impleted as a duplicated controller with memory units. These duplicated sub-units are realized in the form of the following cards :- 1.      Base Processor Controller (BPC) Cards. 2.      Base Memory Extend (BME) Card. 1. Base Processor Controller(BPC) Cards : -  BPC control time switching within the Base Module via the Base Message Switch and the Time Switch Controller. It communicates with the Administrative processor via Base Message Switch for operations and maintenance functions. In a SBM configuration, BPC directly interface with the Alarm Display Panel and the input Output Module.             To support 8,00,000 BHCA, the BC card is replaced by High performance processor card.(HPC) i.e. Protocol Handler Card (PHC) which contain 26 slot,8slot for the power supply, 2 for memory and remaining 10 for message switching. 2. Base Memory Extender (BME) Card: - It is for the storage purpose i.e. saving memory purpose. It can store up to 16 bits ➢ CENTRAL MODULE Central module is responsible for space switching of inter-Base Module calls, communication between Base Module and Administrative Modules, clock distribution and network synchronization. For these function central module has a Space Switch, Space Switch Controller, a Administrative Processor and a Central Message Switches CMS(A,B,C,D). In a 32 Base Module configuration , there are 64 bit parallel buses carrying the voice information  from Base Module to the Central Module, and also the Switched information in the [pic] Control Scheme for Space Switch The administrative processor communicates with the IOPs which act like a central storage. Administrative processor is also connected to Central Message Switches CMSA and CMSB through which AP communicates to SSC. The SSC is connected to all the CMSs (A, B, C, D) so as to communicate with all the BMs through these Central Message Switches (CMS_A, B, C, D). ➢ There are two types of Central Module : 1. CM-XL (Extra Large) 2. CM-L (large) | Central Module Large (CM-L) |Central Module Extra Large (CM-XL) | |1.There are one BTU (Base Terminal Unit)    and one  SSU (Space Switch Unit) |1. There are two BTU and two SSU. | |2. The 8 MHz clock may be locally generated at the Space Switch Clock (SSK) |  2. The 8 MHz clock may be locally generated at the Central | |card in CM-L. Or may be derived by using Network Synchronization Equipment |Clock (CCK) Card in CM-XL. Or may be derived by using Network | |(NSE) in this. |Synchronization Controller Card. | | 3. In CM-L, CM provides connectivity to 16 BMs. | 3. In CM-XL, CM provides connectivity to 32 BMs. | | 4. Each message switch is a high performance message routing block, | 4. Each message switch is a high performance message routing | |implemented by using high speed 16 bit microprocessor Motorola Company (MC). |block, implemented by using high speed 16 bi microprocessor | | |Motorola Company (MC). | Each BM interfaces with CM via two 512 channel parallel buses as BUS-0 and BUS-1,each operating at 4 Mbps. These buses carry voice information of 512 termination of the Base Module towards CM. In the reverse direction, after space switching has been done in the Space Switch under the control of Space Controller (SSC), the same buses carry the switched voice information for 512 termination towards BM. Thus, in a 32 Base Module configuration, there are 64 parallel buses carrying  the voice information from Base Modules to the Central Module, and also the switched information in the reverse direction. ➢ CM HARDWARE DISTRIBUTION :- CM Hardware is distributed in following frames: - • Bus Terminal Unit (BTU) Frame • Space Switch Unit (SSU) Frame • Space Switch Controller Unit (SCU) • Administrative Processor Unit (APU) ➢ BUS TERMINATION UNIT : - It contains Multiplexer and Demultiplexer. It is Basically an Interface Unit Between the BM and Space Switch. There are two buses-Bus 0 and Bus 1.Bus 0 contain all even time slots and Bus 1 carries all odd time slots. Bus is terminated from the Base Modulation. It controls the Space Switching between Base Modules. BTU insert the message CMS to BMS and vice versa.   ➢ FUNCTION:- (a)    Caters to maximum 16 BMD in release one. (b)   Multiplexes the data for Space Switching. (c)    De multiplexes the Switched Bus. Space Switching Controller Unit(SCU) : -             It is a CPU complex and interfaces with space switch and clock for controlling the space switch. SSC communicates with the CMSs which in turn enable the SSC to communicate with the BMs. It contain Power Unit FUNCTION: - (a)    Controller for the Switch •         Time slot management and allocation •         Switch monitoring for sanity •         Switch diagnosis (b)   Communication b/w the central message switch and Aps, BMs (c)    System clock generation (d)   Management of power alarms in BTU,SSU and SCU Space Switch (SS) and Space Switch Controller (SSC) 1. In order to take care of the large number of interface signals, the switch portion of CM is divided into three stages viz. MUX stage, Switch stage and DEMUX stage. The MUX and DEMUX stage are implemented on single card to provide the Base Module to Central Module interface in each direction. Interfacing and switching are controlled by SSC which provides control signals for the MUX/DEMUX cards and the space Switch cards. 2. MUX/DEMUX Cards extract the information from time slots 0 and 1 of Bus 0 and Bus 1 from the Base Modules. These time-slot carry control message from each base Module and these messages are sent to the Central Message Switch (CMS). The CMS sends this message to the Space Switching controller (SSC) on a 128 kbps link to control space switching based upon the information. 3. Four 512-channel buses from four BMs are multiplexed to form a 2048-channel,16Mbps multiplexed BUS which is sent to both copies of the Space Switch Switch Card. Space switching  of these 2048 channels is done based upon the switching information received by Space Switch Controller (SSC) from CMS Central Message Switch (CMS): -             It consists of four different message switches and each one of them is implemented by using high speed 32 bit microprocessor. All Central Message Switches (CMS 1, 2, 3 & 4) are used for routing of messages across the Base Modules. ➢ CALL PROCESSING:- There are five function steps of call processing including the location of the originating and terminating equipment. These steps are: - •   Origination: - Origination begins when the subscriber line goes off hooker incoming trunks seized. It receives the incoming digits, selects the digit analysis tables, and determines the screening information for this call. •   Digit Analysis: - It interprets the digits it receives from origination, select a destination for each call, and passes the dialed digits to routing. Routing/Screening:- Routing uses the destination information from digit analysis and screening information origination to select the terminating trunk group or line. • Charging:-It uses the charging information from routing to expand the charging data into a format usable by call accounting process. • Termination: - The last step in call processing is termination. Termination Processor is different for calls destined for lines and call destined for trunks.  Trunk termination: - A trunk member of the trunks group is selected based on a predetermined pattern. After selection the digits are out pulsed to the distant office. Line termination :- The line identified in routing is checked to determine the line has any special features. Ringing is applied to the line if applicable or the special feature is activated. ➢ SIGNALING:- What is Signaling' Signaling refers to the exchange of information between call components required to provide and maintain service.             As users of the pubic Switched telephone network, we exchange signaling with network element all the time. Examples of signaling between a telephone user and the telephone network include. Dialing digits, providing dial tone, accessing a voice mailbox, sending a call waiting tone, dialing *66(to retry a busy number), etc.             Signaling system 7 is means by which element of the telephone network exchange information. Information is conveyed in the form of messages. Signaling System 7 messages can convey information such as SS7 is characterized by high-speed packet data, and out-of-band signaling. ➢ ISDN:- (INTEGRATED DIGITAL SERVICE NETWORK TERMINAL UNIT)             One of the four ATUs/DTUs in a Base module be replaced by ISTU to provide Basic Rate Interface (BRI)/Primary Rate Interface in C-DOT DSS. It is directly connected to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM Link. INTRODUCTION:-             ISDN is comprised of digital telegraphy and data transport services offered by region telephone carries ISDN involves the digitization of the telephone network which permits voice, data, text, graphics ,music ,video and other source material to be transmitted over exiting telephone wires. The emergence of ISDN represents efforts to standardize subscriber service user/network interface and network and inter network capabilities. ISDN application includes high speed image application; addition telephone lines in home to serve the telecommuting industry, high speed file transfer and video conferencing. Voice service is also an application for ISDN. Architecture of ISDN Terminal Unit In C-DOT DSS architecture the ISDN interface are terminated on a new add on terminal unit as ISTU. A maximum of 256 bearer channels are provided by integrating one ISTU which can be configured to support any combination of BRI or PRI interfaces. If the requirement of PRI/BRI interfaces more than 256 bearer channels ,one or more. ISTU, can be integrated in C-DOT DSS with the option of equipment them in the same BM of distributed across different BMs in the exchange. The architecture also support in signaling providing time slots for switching channels, carrying data & voice. SERVICE:- There are two types of services associated with ISDN:- 1. BRI 2. PRI 1. ISDN BRI Service  The ISDN Basic rate interface(BRI) Service offers Two B channel sand one D channels (2b+D). BRI B channels service operated at 64 Kbps and is carry user data. BRI d channels service operates at 16 Kbps and is meant to carry control and signaling information, although it support user data transmission under certain circumstances. The BRP also provides for framing control and other overhead, bringing its total bit rate to 192 Kbps. The BRI physical layer specification is International Telecommunication  Standard Section (ITU-T). (Formerly the consultative committee for international telegraph and telephone (CCITT) 2. ISDN PRI SERVICE The ISDN traffic is of two distinct types:- •         Circuit switched voice & data •         Primary Rate Line (PRL) ➢ ALARM DISPLAY PANEL (ADP):- The ADP is used in the C-DOT to display the status of the system in single base module configuration. It can also be used with a two base module system. The status is displayed on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and seven segment LED display. Fresh faults are reported on the panel by blinking the LEDs accompanied by an audio alarm to draw the attention of the operator in turn is expected to acknowledge the faults. ADP is a microprocessor based hardware unit which is attached to the BP (in SBM) or AP (IN MBM) by HDLC (HIGH DATA LINK CONTROLLER) link for providing audio visual indication of system faults. A seven segment display shows the count of lines and trunks currently faulty.   ➢ ALARM PHILOSOPHY :- • In a C-DOT DSS, there are three categories :- -non urgent => green LEDs. -urgent        => orange LEDs. -critical       => red LEDs . ➢ FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION :- The ADP is housed on three cards:- 1. Controller card. 2. Display card. 3. Power supply card. 1. Controller card :- It is a subdivided into following blocks:- (a)   CPU LOGIC:- It generates clock required by microprocessor, buffers for buffering for CPU address and data bus, power on reset logic to generate the signal. (b) MEMORY:-    Occupies address space RAM. (C) DISPLAY CARD INTERFACE:- Consist of logic which generates the various strobes for the registers on the display card   (D) INTERRUPT AND WATCHDOG DOG :- The sources of interrupt for the CPU are:- (I)    Real time timer (ii)   Acknowledge switch (iii)  LED test switch (iv)  The two HDLCs. The sources for generate one interrupt line for the microprocessor. (e) INPUT /OUTPUT PORTS AND AUDIO ALARM:- input port is used to determine the configuration of the system and the source of the interrupt. Output port is used for cleaning the various interrupts & for enabling the audio alarm. The audio alarm is implemented using a piezo-electric buzzer  (f) COMMUNICATION INTERFACE:- Consists of clock generator for the HDLs ➢ Termination Capacity of Exchange Configuration:- |Sr. No. |Exchange Configuration |Termination Capacity Description | |1. |Single Base Module(SBM) |1500 lines and128 trunks. The trunks may be analog and/or digital. | |  | |The no. of trunks can be increased at the cost of reducing | | | |subscribers. | |2. |Multi Base Module (DSS-MAX) |Ideal configuration to support 40,000 lines and 5500 trunks with 20 | |  |(i) MAX-XL |line BMs and 12 Trunks BMs. The trunk capacity can be increased by | |  | |450 at the cost of 2,000 subscriber or vice versa | | |(ii) MAX-L |Ideal configuration to support 20,000 lines and 2700 trunks with 10 | | | |line BMs and 6 Trunk BMs. The trunk capacity can be increased by 450 | | | |at the cost of 2, 000 subscriber and vice versa. | |3. |Remote Switching Unit (RSU) |2,000 Subscriber Lines. Trunk interface at the cost of subscriber | | | |lines. | |4 |Multi Base Module TAX |14,500 Trunks | ➢ SOFTWARE ORGANIZATION:- The software is written in high level language ‘C’ & distributed over various processors and is structured as a hierarchy of virtual machines. The software features are implemented by communication processes. The operating system provides communication facilities such that the processes are transparent to heir physical locations. Resources are identified as ‘global’ or ‘local’ depending upon their distribution in the system. The resource which depends upon the number of terminal is provided within the basic growth module. The basic module processors are provide for handling call processing locally. In a small system application, these processor independently support call processing, exchange operation and maintenance functions. Central facilities are also provided to avoid repetition of large data & memory intensive functions. E.g., Processor architecture is characterized by distributed control & message based communication in order to achieve a loosely-coupled network for flexible system architecture. ➢ ROLE OF SOFTWARE IN C-DOT DSS:- • INTRODUCTION:- The main feature of the software architecture of DSS-MAX is as: • Distributed architecture to ma the distributed control architecture • Layered architecture with loosely coupled modules & well defined message interfaces. • Use of high level language • Modular design with each layer providing higher of abstraction • Time critical processes in assembly language These feature help in to achieve the following objectives: • Simplicity in design • Increased reliability due to fault tolerant software • Flexibility with option of up gradation to add feature & service • Efficiency and strict time check • Ease of Maintainability ➢  C-DOT DSS MAX Layered Software Architecture:- ➢ SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEMS:- The main subsystems of C-DOT DSS MAX are as: • C-DOT real Time operating system • Peripheral Processors subsystem • Maintenance subsystem • Database subsystem • Administration subsystem • IOP subsystem • Call Processing subsystem These subsystems are responsible for providing the following basic services: 1. CDOS: It is the operating system & provides the following function: • Process management • Resource management • Interrupt handling • Online & offline debugging 2. Peripheral Processor subsystem: It controls all the telephony software. It also carries out the commands given by the Base Processor for generating suitable telephony events. Another function is to carry out all the maintenance related test function on hardware. It consists of 8-bit microprocessors programmed in assembly language. 3. Call processing subsystem: It receives the information about telephony event that occur outside the exchange. It processes this incoming information & gives commands to the peripheral processors for interconnecting subscriber through the switching network. A special feature is to generate Exhaustive Call Event Record for every call. 4. Maintenance subsystem: It provides the following function: •         Initialization •         System integrity •         Switch maintenance •         Terminal interface •         Human interface 5. Administration subsystem: It consists of traffic, billing exchange performance measurement & human interface functions. It also provides online software patching capability. It is responsible for maintaining a large number of traffic records on the basis of information received by it through Call Event Records. Over 200 man-machine commands are provided for these operations. 6. Database Subsystem: It provides for the management of global data. The main objectives are: (a)    Easy access (b)   Quick access (c)    Transparency (d)   Consistency (e)    Security (f)     Synchronization ➢ BASIC SERVICE IN DSS MAX:- The most important function of a DSS switch is to process subscriber calls. Subscribers’ call can be classified as line-to-line, line-to-trunk, and trunk-to-trunk. Lint-to-line is a call that starts on a line served by a DSS switch and terminates to another line served by the same switch. The BMs involved in the call will perform almost 95% of the total call processing function. During a line-to-line call, the origination BM detects when a subscriber’s telephone receiver as been picked up. The BM provides the dial Tone and then removes the Dial-Tone when first digit is dialed. It then collects and analyzes the dialed digits. Next, the BM sends a request to the AM for a call path. The terminating BM locates the subscriber line for the line-to-line call and provides ringing. When AM has selected an available path. It alerts the CM to set up link between the BM’s. The CM provides call paths between BM’s and carries all internal system communications. The function of BM, AM, and CM in trunk-to-trunk call are basically the same as line-to-line call described above except that the originating BM detect a trunk seizure rather than a subscriber picking up the receiver. Also, the terminating BM locates as available trunk instead of line. The above scenarios may differ slightly, if the call involves both and trunk. ➢ Line-to-Line call can be of two types: •        INTRA_BM: When both subscriber lines connected to same BM. This doesn’t require use of CM. •        INTER_BM: When both subscriber lines are to different BMs. This requires use of the CM. ➢ OTHER SERVICE PROVIDED BY MAX:- The MAX provides the following features apart from processing of a telephone call: Number identification Service: • Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP): The Calling Party’s details are given to the user along with the incoming calls. Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR): With this service the calling party may restrict presentation of its number to the called party. • Calling Line Identification Restriction Override (CLIRO): The subscriber with this facility receives the details of the calling party even if it has asked for its restriction. • Malicious Call Identification (MCID): During conversation the subscriber can use a procedure to identify the malicious caller. ➢ Call offering supplementary Service: • Call Forwarding' Unconditional (CFU) L It allows the user to forward all incoming calls to another number. ➢ Call completion Services:- • Call Waiting:  A Subscriber engaged in a call, is given an indication that another caller is trying to call him up. The  user can then talk to a caller by keeping the other holding. • Call Hold: This allows the user to put th call into wait for the being and initiate or accept a new call. The user can retrieve the call put on hold whenever required. ➢ Multi Party Services: • Three Party Conferences: It enables the user to establish, participate in and control a simultaneous communication involving the user and two other parties. The served user can disconnect one party, disconnect the three-way conference or communicate privately with one of the parties. • Multi Party Conference: It allows uses to establish and control a conference involving at the most 6 users. The conference controller may add, drop, isolate, and reattach parties from the conferences. - Hot line Timed & without timed out services. - Morning alarm facility. - Call restriction services. - Call forwarding facility. - Conference facility. - Malicious call identification facility. ➢ POWER PLANT OF C-DOT DSS MAX:- • From the power supply bus bar power is tapped through cables to each suite separately. In this there is five modules, each having 200amp. As input. In this, AC is input and DC is output. In this input is between 340-475 V and output is 48V. There are two batteries if one is not conduct than other is used. These are connected together if both are disconnected than till 15-20 minutes power is supplied. From the rectifier, which derives 48V DC from 440V AC. Power cables are terminated on the DC distribution panel (DCDP). From the DCDP, power cables run along the cable runways and ladders and terminated on the power distribution panel (PDP). Distribution panel consists of two bus bars for –48V, one each for copy 0 and copy 1 equipment. Similarly there are two bus bars for ground. • For each base module cabinet, the power i.e.-48V is tapped twice one for each plane through a fuse. Whenever the fuse blows off the LED, which is connected in parallel glows on the FBI card, and an audio alarm is given at a centrally located point. 2.5ess exchange. 5ESS Switch Very Compact Digital Exchange (VCDX):- The smallest configuration of the 5ESS (5E) family, the 5ESS Very Compact Digital Exchange (VCDX) switch is a compact, packet-ready switch that delivers a full range of services from a single platform, using the same hardware and software as our full-size switch. As part of our 5ESS Switch portfolio, the VCDX is the industry's most reliable switching platform and combines the speed and flexibility of a modern workstation with the high capacity of a world-class switching system. The VCDX can easily evolve into a full-size switch or become an element in a packet network within our Circuit-to-Packet Networks architecture, a convergent architecture that provides both cost-saving packet functionality and high-quality voice functionality. It is the ideal product for bridging the transition of circuit networks to Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) / Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The smaller VCDX enables a minimal circuit switch investment to efficiently evolve into a data network that provides a mix of circuit and data switching to meet your customer's demands. Whether you're a voice, Internet, or applications service provider, the VCDX gets you operational quickly and economically. The VCDX provides the same dependable features of a full 5ESS switch in a much smaller footprint, allowing your customers to offer the same broad array of services that a larger switch could offer. Ideal for residential, rural, and suburban markets, the VCDX is also fully scalable to a full 5ESS switch, letting your customers preserve their investment when their capacity demands increase. ➢ The VCDX switch offers: • a modular design for incremental implementation • a compact size that's ideal for smaller applications • remote capabilities to support digital loop carriers • a reliable and flexible platform - the 5ESS switch - for multiple applications • a wide variety of voice, data, and wireless services • a scalable architecture that converts into a full 5ESS switch • toll/tandem capabilities. • Modular Design:- The VCDX allows your customers to dedicate space incrementally for specific services as they need it. The VCDX can easily evolve into a full-size switch, or it can become an element in a packet network within our Circuit-to-Packet architecture. Minimum Footprint:- • Compact size • Housed in three cabinets that are 6 feet high, 29.9 inches wide, and 23.6 inches deep • Ideal for locations with small-line-size applications Reliable Platform The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) consistently rates the 5ESS family among the industry's most reliable platforms, with the least amount of downtime of any switch in its class. Remote Capability:- • Supports TR08 and TR303 digital loop carriers such as the SLC-2000. (NAR) Service Capabilities:- The VCDX supports a wide variety of voice, data, and wireless services in a compact, digital switch: • Local and toll • Intelligent Network • Operator Services (INTL) • Centrex Service (Call Waiting, Call Hold, etc.) • Advanced Wireless Services either alone or with landline service, a low-cost application that ensures smooth call handoffs between regions and improves billing for cellular customers • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) voice mail and national services • Network Management • International Telecommunications Union (ITU) #7 signaling (INTL) • SS7 • Stand-alone Signaling Transfer Point (STP), reducing network traffic by routing calls correctly the first time (INTL) • Various wideband applications • CDMA and TDMA • GSM (INTL) • V5 interface (V5.1 and V5.2) (INTL) • Carrier Identification Code (CIC) expansion • Interchangeable Numbering Plan Area (INPA). Line and Trunk Capacity:- The VCDX can support: • 20,875 lines • 25 Primary Rate Interfaces (PRIs) , 4,080 Trunks. Toll / Tandem Capacity:- The VCDX can support 16,000 Trunk DSOs, any combination of T1s (max 2,880), and STS1s. Key Characteristics The VCDX has:- • A powerful UNIX-based workstation featuring mirrored disk functionality for improved reliability • Digital Audio Tape (DAT) drive for routine backups and software updates to prevent loss of records • Switching Module 2000 (SM-2000), Lucent's most powerful module, handles all switching, call, and trunk processing independently from the workstation and maintains billing data to ensure that no records are lost, providing customers with uninterrupted service: o Emulator - 3B21 o Solaris - 2.6 o SM-2000 Memory - 160 MB o SM Memory (Signaling Configuration) - 64 MB o Maximum ODD sizes o SM - 128 MB o Optional additional serial ports o Office Backups - single tape o OS Interfaces Retrofit:- 5E10 to 5E11, 5E11 to 5E12, 5E12 to 5E13, 5E13 to 5E14 - International Releases also. Supported SS7 and Link Sets:- The VCDX supports 32 CCS signaling links (CCSLKs) and 16 link sets. [pic] [pic] Dial -up [pic] Broad Band [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] BSNL is the largest telecom operator in India and is known to everybody for Basic Telephony Services for over 100 years. Presently the Plain old, Countrywide telephone service is being provided through 32,000 electronic exchanges, 326 Digital Trunk Automatic Exchanges (TAX), Digitalized Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)  all interlinked by over 2.4 lacks km of Optical Fiber Cable, with a host of Phone Plus value additions to our valued Customers. BSNL's telephony network expands throughout the vast expanses of the country reaching to the remotest part of the country. |New Telephone Connections [pic] | | | |BSNL offers telephone connections in the following main categories to it's subscribers: | |[pic] | |Permanent Connections: | | | | | |Permanent connections are available in the following eight categories to suit different subscribers, | |For details about the schemes click here. | | | |[pic] | |Temporary Connections : | | | | | |Temporary Connections are provided for short period for emergency requirements of purely temporary nature. Temporary connections | |are to be provided for a maximum period of 3 months at a time in the case of private individuals and 6 months at a time in the | |case of Government Offices. The charges for the entire period along with security deposit, installation charges and rentals will | |be collected in advance. No waiting list is maintained for this category. | | | |[pic] | |Casual Connections : | | | | | |Casual connections are provided to applicants for social/religious functions, marriages, exhibitions etc., for a period not | |exceeding 30 days. | | | |[pic] | |Procedure For registration | | | | | |The standard application form prescribed for new telephone connection can be obtained free of cost from any of the designated | |offices of the BSNL or the Customer Service Centers located anywhere in the country. Photocopies of these forms as well as | |downloaded copies FROM THE Internet are also accepted. | |The completed application along with the demand draft may be given by hand in the office of the GM/TDM/TDE/SDE for registration. | | | |The completed application form may also be sent by registered post along with demand draft for requisite amount towards | |registration fee drawn in the name of designated authority, in the office of GM/ TDM / TDE /SDE under whose jurisdiction the | |telephone connection is required. | |In areas where telephone is available 'on demand' the form for New Telephone Connection (NTC) may be deposited without demand | |draft.  In such cases, after receipt of form for NTC, Demand Note for payment of applicable installation charges shall be | |issued.  On receipt of payment against Demand Note, the OB for installation of telephone connection shall be issued immediately. | | A Bona-fide Verification for new connection/shift of telephone connection is done by the Department before a new telephone | |connection is sanctioned or an existing phone is shifted to a new address. | | | | | | | | | | Shifting  of Telephones :- | | | | | |Shifts are of the following types: | | |• Within the same exchange area | | |• From one exchange area to another exchange area in Multi-Exchange areas | | |• All India Shift | | | Shifts within Same Telephone System : | | |• At any time with in the same exchange area. | | |• If Telephone has worked at least for 18 months in respect of NON-OYT connections and 6 months in respect of OYT connections in the | | |original exchange area or the date of registration for the connection to be shifted is prior to the release date of new lines of the | | |specific category in the required exchange. | | |• Application for shift to be made in prescribed form. | | |Remarks | | |For any type of transactions copy of registered deeds will be required. | | |In the case of telephone obtained under special category, SSI application for shift will not be entertained, unless the SSI certificate | | |contains the new Factory/ Office address. | | | | | | | | | | | |Shifts on all India basis | | |Permissible if the telephone has worked for at least 18 months in respect of NON-OYT connection and 6 months in respect of OYT connection| | |in the original exchange area or the date of registration for the connection to be shifted is prior to the release date of new lines of | | |the specific category in the required exchange. | | | Shifting Charges | | | | | |With effect from 24.11.2003. shifting charges  for local as well as All India shifting of fixed telephone (bfone) has been abolished.  | | |  | | | | | |FLPP (Fixed Line Pre-Paid Telephone):- | | | | | |FLPP (Fixed Line Pre-Paid)Service enables subscriber to make calls from a prepaid account linked to his telephone number. Unlike| | |the prepaid card 'ITC' service, where the authentication is done every time through a 16-digit PIN the authentication of FLPP is| | |linked to his telephone line & the user is not required to dial the Account number PIN for / authentication making it simpler to| | |use. | | | | Fixed Line Prepaid service offers:- • Conversion of fixed line to Pre Paid and get rid of telephone bills. • Easy de-linking from telephone line when prepaid is not required on any number • No need to dial Account number/ PIN every time you make a call. • STD/ISD Facility • On Line balance enquiry • 'Follow on feature' on no reply, busy and called party release to dial another number for subscribers other than PCO. • Easy recharge and no problem of bills • Free Level 1 service like 100, 101, 102 etc. available. • Free Level 1 IN services which are free to end-customers like Free Phone etc. are available. There can be four types of FLPP accounts namely • PCO FLPP Account, • PCO Local FLPP Account, • General FLPP Prepaid Account and • General FLPP Prepaid + Post paid Account. Internet Services:- Bsnl Offers Dialup Internet Services to the Customers by Post-Paid Service with the Brand Name ‘Net one’, And Pre-Paid Service with the Brand Name ‘Sancharnet’. The Post-Paid Service Is A Cli Based Access Service, Currently Operational In 100 Cities. Sancharnet Is Available On Local Call Basis Throughout India To Isdn And Pstn Subscribers. The Internet Dhaba Scheme Of The Company Aims To Further Promote Internet Usage In Rural And Semi Urban Areas. To keep Pace with The Latest and Varied Value Added Services to Its Customers, BSNL’s Uses Ip/Mpls Based Core To Offer World Class Ip Vpn Services. Mpls Based Vpns Is A Very Useful Service For Corporate, As It Reduces The Cost Involved As Well As The Complexity In Setting Up Vpns For Customers Networking. As On 31.03.2005, Your Company’s Total Internet Customer Base Was 17, 98,089 And Total Internet Dhabas Were 4143. A Total Of 708594 Dial Up Internet Connections Have Been Given During 2004-2005, Against A Target Of 7 Lakhs. BSNL’s Plans to Give 1215980 More Dial up Connections during the Year 2005-06. As On 31.1.2006, There Were 2367404 Internet Subscribers Working In Bsnl Net Work. Internet Dial –up Broad Band ➢ Dial-Up Overview:- Dial-Up Data Service provides dial-up connectivity through your Iridium phone to another computer, a remote LAN (e.g., a corporate network), or an Internet Service Provider (ISP). This service offers a typical data rate of 2.4 Kbps. You will be able to use Dial-Up Data service just as you would use the modem on your computer to dial a call through the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The only differences are that the dialed telephone number must conform to the international dialing pattern used by Iridium, and that you will use your Iridium phone as the data modem. In essence, your Iridium phone appears as an external modem to your computer. Before using Dial-Up Data, you will need to install the Motorola Satellite Series Data Modem driver (provided on the Iridium World Data Services CD) on your computer. You will then be able to use standard software applications (e.g., Microsoft Dial-Up Networking) to initiate data calls with Dial-Up Data Service. How it works. Dial-Up Data Service functions in much the same way. From the perspective of your computer, the Iridium handset is an external modem. On your computer, you will configure a dial-up networking connection. As part of that connection, you will identify the modem associated with the Iridium handset and the phone number to dial. Then, in dial-up networking you will enter your user name and password to access your ISP and you will initiate the connection. Your handset will dial and initiate a connection with the Iridium gateway through the Iridium satellite constellation. Since your Iridium handset is requesting to establish a data connection, the switch at the gateway will route the call through a modem. The modem at the Iridium gateway will then dials into and connect to another modem at your ISP. Once connected and a session has been established, you can check your email and browse the Internet just like you would across the PSTN. Figure 1 illustrates how a Dial-Up data call is routed. [pic] ➢ Hardware/Software Requirements:- To use Iridium Dial-Up Data Service, you will need the following: A Windows-based PC: • Windows95, 98, Me, NT4.0 (Service Pack 4 or later), 2000 or XP • CD-ROM drive • Serial port A SIM Card that is provisioned for data (note that this SIM can also be used for voice calls). An Iridium Phone with a data-capable internal software version and additional hardware/software: |Iridium Phone Type |Software Version Required |Hardware/Software Required | |Motorola 9500 Portable Phone |INC0620 or later1 |Data Kit | |Motorola 9505 Portable Phone |LAC109G or later1 |Data Kit | |Motorola 9520 Mobile Phone |RAC0620 or later1 |Data CD | |Motorola 9521 LBT-based products (e.g.|RAC0620 or later |Custom Cable, Power Supply2 and Data | |the Iridium 9500 Data Module) | |CD | |Motorola 9522 LBT-based products |All software versions for the 9522 are|Custom Cable, Power supply2 and Data | | |data capable |CD | |Euro COM Fixed Mount Unit |Transceiver software version 3.xx.xx |Serial Cable4 and Data CD | | |or later3 | | Modem Driver Installation and Configuration:- • Prior to using your Iridium phone as a modem for Dial-Up Data, you must do the following: • Install the Motorola Satellite Series™ modem driver on your PC, and • Set up and configure a dial-up networking connection. This section contains instructions for installing the modem driver and configuring Dial-Up Networking in selected Microsoft Windows environments. These instructions are identical to those that you would use to install and configure any new modem in Microsoft Windows. If you cannot find your operating system below, please refer to the user manual provided with your computer and follow the instructions for installing a new modem. Windows XP Setup In order to install the modem driver and configure dial-up networking, you will need the following: The Iridium World Data Services CD An available communications port on your computer (e.g., COM1) Administrator privileges (if using Windows XP Professional Edition) Install the Modem Driver – Windows XP 1. Close all applications 2. Choose Start > Control Panel to open the Control Panel window. 3. Double click on Phone and Modem Options to open the Phone and Modem Options window. 4. Click the Modems tab, and you will see all the modems installed on your computer. Click on Add… to open the Add Hardware Wizard for installing a new modem. This will begin the modem installation procedure. Henceforth, you can cancel at any time without affecting your system by clicking Cancel. [pic] 5. Choose the checkbox marked “Don’t detect my modem; I will select it from a list.” Then, click next >. [pic] [pic] 6. Click on Have Disk… to open the Install from Disk window. 7. The default drive setting is A:\, which is the default floppy drive on most computers. Insert the Iridium World Data Services CD into your CD drive, and click Browse… [pic] 8. Browse to the Dial-Up Data directory on the CD, and then click Open. [pic] 9. Click OK. [pic] 10. In the Install New Modem window, select the Motorola Satellite Series Data Modem and click next >. [pic] \ 11. Click the “Selected ports” radio button, and select an available Communications Port (or COM Port) on which to install the modem (e.g., COM1). This is the port to which you will connect your Iridium phone. Click Next >. [pic] 13. Click Finish to close the InstalNewModemwindow. [pic] BSNL BRODBAND:- BSNL has launched its Broadband Services in 235 cities. The service will be provided on existing copper infrastructure. Initially, High Speed Internet Service will be provided. Subsequently, other services such as VPN, Multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video-on-Demand, Broadcast application etc. will be added Data one is the brand name of BSNL’s broadband service being offered to BSNL’s land line customers: ❖ To provide high speed Internet connectivity (upto 8 Mbps) ❖ To provide Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the broadband customers ❖ To provide dial VPN service to MPLS VPN customers. ❖ To provide multicast video services, video-on-demand, etc. through the Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS). ❖ To provide a means to bill for the aforesaid services by either time-based or volume-based billing. It shall provide the customer with the option to select the services through web server To provide both pre-paid and post paid broadband services ❖ High speed Internet Access: This is the always-on Internet access service with speed ranging from 256 kbps to 8 Mbps. ❖ Bandwidth on Demand: For example a customer with 256 kbps can change to 1 Mbps during the video Conferencing session. ❖ Multicasting: This is to provide video multicast services for application in distance education, telemedicine etc ❖ Dial VPN Service: This service allows remote users to access their private network securely over the NIB-II infrastructure. ❖ Video and Audio Conferencing. Content based Services: Like Video on Demand, Interactive Gaming, Live and time shifted TV [pic] [pic] Charges of broadband in home plan:- | | | |Particulars |Tariffs | | |Home plan 250 |Home plan 500 |Home plan 1000 |Home plan 1800 |Home plan 3300 | |Bandwidth |256 Kbps |256Kbps |348Kbps |512Kbps |1Mbps | |Monthly |250 |500 |1000 |1800 |3300 | |Charges | | | | | | |Discounted Annual Payment Option to Customers|2500 |5000 |10000 |18000- |33000 | |(Rs) | | | | | | |Download/Upload Limit (GB) per month |0.4 GB |1.0 GB |2 GB |5 GB |10 GB | |Additional Usage Charges/MB beyond free |1.40 GB |1.20 |1.00 |0.80 |0.80 | |download/upload limit (Rs) | | | | | | |Free E-mail IDs/Space (Per E-mail ID) |1/5 MB |1/5 MB |1/5 MB |1/5 MB |2/5 MB | |Security Deposit |NIL |NIL |1 month rental |1 month rental |1 month rental | |Night Unlimited (0200-0800 Hrs) |Not available |available |available |available |Available | |Minimum Hire Period |Three month |One month |One month |One month |One month | Charging of broadband in business plan:- |Particulars |Tariff in Rs. | | |Business |Business |Business |Business |Business | | |700 |1200 |3000 |5000 |9000 | |Static IP Address (On |Not Available |Not Available |Not Available |One |One | |Request) | | | | | | |Web Hosting Space (On |Not Available |Not Available |Not Available |5 MB |5 MB | |Request) | | | | | | |Domain name (On request) |Not Available |Not Available |Not Available |One |One | |Security Deposit |1 Month Rental |1 Month Rental |1 Month Rental |1 Month Rental |Rs 5000/- | |Minimum Hire Period |One Month |One Month |One Month |One Month |One Month | The Broadband Service will be given through the state of the art Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based IP Infrastructure, which is designed to provide reliable routes to cover all possible destinations within and outside the country. Layer 1 of the network will consist of a high speed Backbone comprising of 24 powerful Core Routers connected with high speed 2.5 Gbps (STM-16) links. The routers are located on the national DWDM network interfacing at STM-16 optical level to provide for high transmission speeds. [pic] VOIP SERVICE ➢ What is VOIP' VOIP lets you make toll-free long distance voice and fax calls over existing IP data networks instead of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Today businesses that implement their own VOIP solution can dramatically cut long distance costs between two or more locations. ➢ That Was Then... For the past 100 years people have relied on the PSTN for voice communication. During a call between two locations, the line is dedicated to the two parties that are using it. No other information can travel over the line, although there is often plenty of bandwidth available. Later, as data communications emerged, companies paid for separate data lines so their computers could share information, while voice and fax communications were still handled by the PSTN. ➢ This Is Now... Today, with the rapid adoption of IP, we now have a far-reaching, low-cost transport mechanism that can support both voice and data. A VOIP solution integrates seamlessly into the data network and operates alongside existing PBXs, or other phone equipment, to simply extend voice capabilities to remote locations. The voice traffic essentially “rides for free” on top of the data network using the IP infrastructure and hardware already in place. ➢ Applications:- Voice over IP is ideal for multi-location businesses looking to reduce toll charges associated with intra-office calling. It is designed to help you maximize investments you’ve already made in your data and voice network infrastructure. Some examples of the many applications for a voice over IP network include the following: ➢ Office-to-office Communication:- A VOIP network can be as small as two offices or as large as hundreds of offices. Each office installs and configures a VOIP solution on their network to begin placing calls or sending faxes to the other offices on the VOIP network. ➢ Off-net Calling:- Telecommuters or customers off the IP network can make toll-free long distance calls by dialing into a local VOIP solution and placing calls to any other location on the VOIP network. You can even have a VOIP solution at a Remote site dial a local phone number for a free person to person long distance call. ➢ Create Off-premise Extensions:- Extend the reach of your PBX into home office locations. Simply connect a VOIP solution to the PBX at the Corporate office and another VOIP solution at the remote Office. Now, anyone can place calls to the remote office By simply dialing an extension number. ➢ Replace Expensive Tie Lines:- A company that utilizes tie lines to connect branch office PBXs to the corporate PBX can now use their own IP-based Wide Area Network to complete the call. [pic] ➢ Bandwidth Requirements One common misconception about VOIP is that it is a bandwidth hog, when, in fact, voice is a very efficient type of traffic. Voice compression standards like G.729 (8:1) and G.723 (10:1) are used to minimize the bandwidth required for voice. G.72 3, for instance, is the maximum Compression rate and requires only 5.3K bps (plus an added 7-8K bps for IP overhead). Even at maximum compression, your VOIP solution will still provide near toll-quality voice. As a rule of thumb, 14K bps of bandwidth per call is ideal. This includes the compressed voice packet and the IP overhead. To determine total VOIP bandwidth needed per Location, take the number of VOIP channels being used and multiply by 14K bps. Then double this number to accommodate for both voice and data traffic. It should also be noted that bandwidth is used only when someone is speaking. A silence suppression/Voice Activation Detection (VAD) feature is an option that frees unused call bandwidth for data traffic. This is significant, since callers are usually silent for 60 percent of the call. ➢ Interoperability:- Standards are still emerging that ensure VOIP features work with different vendor solutions. The H.323 standard is the one most widely deployed and is the only approved protocol adopted by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The H.323 standard provides support for audio calls to other H.323 clients, gateways, gatekeepers and conference servers. Another emerging standard is the Session Initiation Protocol, or SIP. Look for products that are adopting these two standards. ➢ VOIP Solutions:- From the wide variety of VOIP solutions available today, the one you select depends on the size of your business, the level of networking expertise available, the amount of integration with legacy equipment, and the level of voice quality you require. ➢ Routers:- Router solutions usually replace an existing network router and keep voice and data all in a single box. However, this solution requires networking expertise, and can be costly to install, while placing network services at risk during deployment and maintenance. ➢ The Multi-Tech VOIP Solution:- Multi-Tech's award-winning Multi-VOIP provides an easy and low-risk way for your business to save on long distance voice and fax costs. [pic] ➢ Easy to Install:- You don't have to change your PBX, data network, or Internet/Intranet access to implement the Multi-VOIP solution. There is no integrating this device with a PC, a server, or operating system. And to simplify installation, the central site can preconfigured all units before sending them to the remote sites. ➢ Low-risk:- MultiVOIP allows you to implement VOIP without interfering with your network infrastructure or phone system. If there are problems with the VOIP installation or the IP network goes down, you can still pick up your phone and use the PSTN to place a long distance call. ➢ Scalable:- The MultiVOIP design allows you to expand VOIP support as needed. Add more VOIP ports at a busy site with Another MultiVOIP. Add another office to your VOIP Network by installing a MultiVOIP at that office. ➢ Easy to Use:- Placing calls with MultiVOIP is like using your existing Phone system. No end-user training is required. ➢ Requirements:- You probably already have what you need to deploy a MultiVOIP network and start saving on long distance calls. To determine the number of ports that you need, first determine what percentage of the long distance bill is used for intra-office communication (typically between 25- 40%), then multiply the percentage by the number of lines at the location. If you are using tie lines, for every line that you support, you will need one port on the Multi-VOIP. MultiVOIP Site Requirements:- ❏ Ethernet LAN ❏ IP network ❏ IP addresses Try VOIP Now! [pic] You be the judge! Call our toll-free demo (in the USA) 1-877-TRYVOIP and hear for yourself how clear the connection can be. WLL (WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP):- BSNL WLL-M  is a communication system that connects customers to the BSNL Landline network using radio frequency signals instead of conventional copper wires, for the full or part connection between the subscriber and the exchange This comes with superior voice quality and high speed data capabilities. CDMA is popular with more than 100 million subscribers worldwide, and the number keeps on increasing exponentially.  • Service using Hand Held Terminal (WLL-M service) In this case, subscriber can carry a small handset of CDMA technology. There is no antenna or    any other equipment at subscribers premises. • Why Choose BSNL'S BSNL WLL CDMA Mobile BSNL's WLL BSNL WLL service is the most reliable and affordable service giving you the best of both fixed line telephony & Mobile telephony. It offers host of value added services at virtually no cost to our esteemed subscribers. Customer may get the handset by paying premium approx. Rs. 20/- per month only  for the comprehensive policy taken for the cost of handset. SERVICES:- BSNL WLL-M  offers you a host of value-added services: [pic]Voice-mail service:  24 hour personal call answering service [pic]Call waiting: allows you to receive an incoming call while already engaged in one call [pic]Call hold:  allows you to put a current call on hold and make a second call [pic]Call divert:    allows you to divert calls within your SDCA [pic]3-way call conferencing:     allows a conference between 3 persons from your mobile    handset [pic]CLIP (Caller Line Identification Presentation):  enables you to view the number of the    calling person when you receive a call [pic]CLIR (Call Line Identification Restriction):   enables you to block presentation of your    own number on a called person's phone [pic]Dynamic STD/ISD locking.  • Data / Fax transmission (upto 14.4.kbps). GSM SERVICES:- India's fastest growing cellular service, along with postpaid and prepaid services brings cellular telephony to the masses, through innovative technology and strategic pricing.  This ambitious service uses state-of-the-art GSM technology to attain global excellence and leadership in business. Our entry into this sector has brought GSM cellular service at an affordable cost to the common man. All serving a single objective, to provide better communication to millions across India. Customers have reposed tremendous faith in BSNL and it has enrolled over 30 Lakh Cellular customers within ten months of launch of Cellular service, an unprecedented mark in Indian Cellular Market. Why should you choose BSNL Mobile' • For the first time in the country, all major towns and cities are covered through our network • All major national and state highways are covered • National and International SMS facility • International roaming available for more than 300 networks across the world. The facility of one number roaming across the country • Appropriate and reasonable tariff packages to suit every pocket • Absolute transparency in billing. All regular features of cellular telephony, such as SMS as well as advanced features like MMS are available. • 24 Hour helpline all across the country. BSNL Service Plus:- Cell One provides a number of Value Added Services. These services helps BSNL serve you better & enhance the ease & quality of communication thus bringing global connectivity at your doorstep. [pic] Voice Mail Service [pic] Short Message Service (SMS) [pic] National & International roaming [pic] Call forwarding [pic] Call conferencing [pic] Call waiting and Call holding facility [pic] Unified Messaging Services: This provides Voice mail, FAX, e-mail, text to voice   services on your mobile phone. So stay in touch with your nears and dears by   means you like the most. [pic] Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Surf WAP enabled websites on Internet using   this service. [pic] Voice Mail Service:- Though you may miss a call, you will never miss what the caller has to say with Cell One Voicemail. It’s truly mobile voice mail. Cell One Voice Mail Service ensures that the customers never miss their calls even when their phone is busy, switched off, out of coverage, or the customer is simply too busy to take the call-in such cases, Cell One VMS greets the caller and records a message from the caller, which the customer can retrieve later at his convenience from anywhere in the world. This is available to all our post-paid customers. It's like having your very own ,mobile personal secretary and answering machine who listens to your incoming calls, greets the caller and stores the messages left by the caller so that you can listen and call them back later. Isn't your life real cool and easy! SMS (short message service):- Mobile to Mobile Messaging is a revolutionary new means of communication that allows Cell One mobile subscribers to send a short text message instantaneously to any other mobile subscriber. You can type down the message and send it to any mobile. The message can be of 160-character length including spaces, punctuation and special characters. The system sends  the confirmation about the delivery of the message to the sender as soon as the message is   delivered .If the called number is busy or out of coverage area, the system periodically monitors  the status of the called number and sends  the message as soon as it becomes active. NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ROMINNG:- At Cell-One, we believe you should be able to talk to whomever you want, whenever you want and wherever you want. That's why Cell-One offers you Roaming services designed to meet your needs. We thus make sure that you are always just a phone call away from your near and dear ones . Your Cell One number shall remain the same wherever you are in Mumbai, Luck now, London, Paris or anywhere else in the world. SEAMLESS ROAMING:- Since your number is the same wherever you go , the call will be forwarded to you . So no more missed calls . Further the caller does not require STD/ISD facilities to call you , if the call is being made from within the service area of your home network. All India roaming facility is available for both post and pre-paid mobile customers. INTERNATIONAL ROAMING:- International roaming facility is available for Cell One subscribers for more than 300 networks across the globe. Cell One NATIONAL ROAMING:- Makes you accessible across the country on one cell phone number. Providing you the most comprehensive coverage in the country. In case you are in a meeting or your Cell phone is switched off, using the Call Forwarding feature, you can forward your calls on a fixed line or cellophane where someone can see messages on your behalf. You can also forward an incoming call while speaking to someone. CALL FORWADING:- In case you are in a meeting or your Cell phone is switched off, using the Call Forwarding feature, you can forward your calls on a fixed line or a cell phone where someone can see messages on your behalf. You can also forward an incoming call while speaking to someone. You can activate Call Forwarding either by using the menu function of your cell phone or by using the codes mentioned alongside. Use the menu function to scroll to Call Forwarding and activate for the following options: • All calls • If busy • If no reply • If not reachable/switched off CALL WATING:- This feature enables you to speak to two callers, one at a time, without hanging up on either one of them. When this network service is activated, the network notifies you of a new incoming call while you have a call in progress. If another person tries calling you midway through a conversation, he/she will hear a message informing him/her that your line is busy, while you will hear beeps at intervals. You can accept the second call while putting the first call on hold. CALL CONFERENCE:- There are times when we have wished that we could speak to a group of people simultaneously. May be wanted to gossip with friends, or hold discussions with clients. Now you can have the privilege of a teleconference with upto 6 people, at the punch of a few buttons. 3G Systems:- 3G Systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range of services including telephony, paging, messaging, Internet and broadband data. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) started the process of defining the standard for third generation systems, referred to as International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). In Europe European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) was responsible of UMTS standardization process. In 1998 Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed to continue the technical specification work. 3GPP has five main UMTS standardization areas: Radio Access Network, Core Network, Terminals, Services and System ➢ 3GPP Radio Access group is responsible of: • Radio Layer 1, 2 and 3 RR specification • Iub, Iur and Iu Interfaces • UTRAN Operation and Maintenance requirements • BTS radio performance specification • Conformance test specification for testing of radio aspects of base stations • Specifications for radio performance aspects from the system point of view ➢ 3GPP Core Network group is responsible of: • Mobility management, call connection control signaling between the user equipment and the core network. • Core network signaling between the core network nodes. • Definition of interlocking functions between the core network and external networks. • Packet related issues. ➢ 3GPP Terminal group is responsible of: • Service capability protocols • Messaging • Services end-to-end interlocking • USIM to Mobile Terminal interface • Model/framework for terminal interfaces and services (application) execution • Conformance test specifications of terminals, including radio aspects ➢ 3GPP Services and System Aspects group is responsible of: • Definition of services and feature requirements. • Development of service capabilities and service architecture for cellular, fixed and cordless applications. • Charging and Accounting • Network Management and Security Aspects • Definition, evolution, and maintenance of overall architecture. Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP) was formed for technical development of cdma2000 technology which is a member of IMT-2000 family. In February 1992 World Radio Conference allocated frequencies for UMTS use. Frequencies 1885 - 2025 and 2110 - 2200 MHz were identified for IMT-2000 use. See the UMTS Frequency page for more details. All 3G standards are still under constant development. In 1999 ETSI Standardization finished for UMTS Phase 1 (Release '99, version 3) and next release is due December 2001. UMTS History page has a list of all major 3G and UMTS milestones. Most of the European countries and some countries round the world have already issued UMTS licenses either by beauty contest or auctions. 3G EVOLUTION [pic] Next step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS Networks Increased data rated up to 384 Kbps by bundling up to 8 channels of 48 Kbps/channel GPRS is based on modulation technique known as GMSK. EDGE is based on a new modulation scheme that allows a much higher bit rate across the air-interface called 8PSK modulation. Since 8PSK will be used for UMTS, network operators will be required to introduce this at some stage before migration to 3G. [pic] •  GSM can be upgraded for higher data rate upto 115 Kbps through deploying GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network. This requires addition of two core modules – SGSN (Serving GPRS Service Node) – GGSN (Gateway GPRS Service Node) • GSM radio access network is connected to SGSN through suitable interfaces. • GPRS phase-II will support higher data rates up to 384 Kbps through incorporating EDGE • (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution). • Further, to support data rates up to 2 Mbps, Third Generation radio access network (3G RAN) • W-CDMA is deployed. 3G RAN is connected to GSM MSC for circuit oriented services and to SGSN for packet oriented services (internet access). Therefore the migration path can be represented as :  • GSM GPRS W-CDMA. REFERENCE | C-DOT Library. | |•    C-DOT DSS MAX General Description. | |•   www.cdot.com. | |•   A Book Digital Switching System by Sayed Ali. | | | | [pic][pic][pic] ----------------------- B S N L 3. C-DOT 2.5ESS 1. OCB EXCHNGES | | |CENTRALMODULE | |AM | |BM1 | |BMn | |PBAX LINES | |ANAL妯姰姱娟 | |娠婄婅嫸嫹嫺 | |嬥展屛屝岈嶒 | |嶕嶗嶽嶾帨庛| |탰ꖻ탰粒烰籡| |Λ=ᔝ佨䉼ᘀⅨ㼛䈀| |Ī䩃 䩡 | |桰ᔨⅨ㼛ᘀ❨ጯ㸀Ī⩂| |䌁⑊伀͊儀͊愀⑊瀀h| |ᔝ豨ﱬᘀ❨ጯ䈀Ī䩃 | |䩡 | |桰ᘗ畨，䈀Ī䩃 | |䩡 桰ᔫⅨ㼛ᘀ❨ጯ | |㔀脈⨾䈁Ī䩃$䩏| |䩑䩡$桰ᘥ畨， | |㔀脈OG TRUNKS| |DIGITAL | |TRUNKS | |DIGITAL | |TRUNKS FROM | |RSU | |ISDN | |INTER-FACES | |(BRI/PRI) | |ADP | |IOM | |DISK | |VDU | |PRINTERR | |TAPE | | | |Space | |switch | |CMS | |A | |CMS | |B | |CMS | |D | |CMS | |C | |Administrative | |processor | |Space switch | |controller | | | |HARDWARE | |  |