Biology

Q6 Tendons Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connects the muscle to the bone. The bones in our skeleton unable us to walk, run, jump, lift , carry and do other important physical activates. Without the ability of tendons to connect the muscles and bones that are responsible for controlling these actions . It would be impossible for the body to move. Tendons are important for the body to move, so therefore it is important to keep the strong, healthy and free from harm. Tenosynovitis may be the result of over stretching or repeated movement causing inflammation and pain (Waugh & Grant). Ligaments ligament is a band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone, supporting or strengthening a joint, or preventing it from moving in the wrong direction. They are a vital part of the structure of our entire skeleton, and are present in every joint. Ligaments do not connect muscles to bone, which is the function of tendons. Ligaments are slightly elastic so that they stretch slightly with the movement of the joint. Athletes perform stretching exercises, which make their joints more supple. People who are “double jointed” have very elastic ligaments which allow their joints to stretch and contort further than normal (Parker, 2009). Cartilage Cartilage is a type of connective tissue in the body. It is made of cells called chondrocytes embedded in a matrix, strengthened with fibers of collagen and sometimes elastin, depending on the type of cartilage. There are three different types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibro cartilage. Cartilage serves to provide structure and support to the body's other tissues without being as hard or rigid as bone. It can also provide a cushioning effect in joints. Development of the bone begins before birth and it is not complete until the 25th year of life. As the bones develops it gradually changes from bone to cartilage. Q9 This means that muscles work together to create movement. This is done by a muscle called the agonist muscle contracting and the antagonistic muscle relaxes. In the case of the picking up of a book where the elbow joints will be used. The agonist contracts and the antagonistic muscle relaxes. In cooperation with this movement, the shoulder muscles act as fixation muscles. This is done in order to provide stability for the movement. Muscles in the forearm, play as synergists, special fixation muscles, which help keep the wrist steady in extension.