FDR New Deal--论文代写范文精选

51due论文代写网精选代写范文：“FDR New Deal”这篇论文主要讲述的是罗斯福新政。罗斯福新政指的是，美国第32任总统富兰克林·罗斯福上任后出台的一系列新政策。这些政策主要以救济、复兴和改革为主导，并被称为“3R新政”。新政策增加政府对经济直接或者间接的干预，缓解了大萧条带来的经济危机和一些不必要的社会矛盾。

FDR New Deal “I pledge you – I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people”, Roosevelt at the Democratic convention in 1932 in Chicago. Relief, recovery, and reform. These were the three main points in Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s approach to getting America back on its feet, when he was inaugurated in 1933. In the midst of the worst recession God’s own country had ever seen, here was a man who finally cared, and a man who wanted to do something about the problems that America had faced for some years now. Unlike the president before him, Herbert Hoover, who blamed foreign countries for America’s hardship and who wanted to see the economy be left alone for it to rise again, Roosevelt wanted to deal with the crisis hands-on, and with each troubled issue separately. Not being afraid of abandoning political principles for the sake of a better outcome, he saw each problem as exactly that, a problem. A problem that needed to be solved. The New Deal can be broken into two New Deals. The first New Deal was initiated virtually the first day Roosevelt was in office. His first initiative was to end the banking industry crisis sparked by the depression.

With his and the New Deal’s very pragmatic way of dealing with problems, Roosevelt simply closed all banks, then reopening the ones seemingly strong enough to survive, while closing the weak ones, and financially aiding those with momentary solvency difficulties. This immediately reinstated Americans trust in the banking system, causing the American people to once again making deposits instead of withdrawals, and thereby eliminating the crisis. This kind of experimental policy-making was typical for Roosevelt’s New Deal. Many of his initiatives were successful, but quite a few also failed to succeed. The point was that finally somebody tried to do something at least. For too many years, government officials had sat on their hands and tried to let the crisis solve itself. Now the New Deal was here and it shook up things, and put back the Americans trust in the government. It seems to me that by believing the government would turn things back around, the American people became more confident of the future and they were no longer afraid to go out and spend money once again.

This also helped put the banking industry as well as other industries back on track. The second theme of the first New Deal was to put an end to the rising unemployment. Roosevelt therefore decided to create the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). An idea rather reminiscent of an idea created at the same time by Hitler in Nazi-Germany, but with very different objectives. The camps were created for young men aged 18-25 whose families were on relief programs initiated also by the Roosevelt administration. By reforestation and helping improve public facilities, the young men based in camps all over the country helped preserve the country while getting paid. Though their salaries did not keep them on Easy Street the rest of their lives, it helped keep the men and their families well away from starvation level. A vast amount of the salary was sent back to their families, while the enrolees were being fed and housed by the government.

The CCC was probably the most prominent of all Roosevelt’s federal programs, but many similar relief programs were created during his first New Deal. Many of these initiatives were implemented in a period often referred to as simply “The Hundred Days”. This refers to FDR’s first hundred days in office. Within the first one hundred days after being inaugurated, Roosevelt proposed 15 bills to Congress, all of which were passed with relative ease . This may be seen as a sign of Roosevelt’s persistence and as an indication that his proposals were successful and just, but in retrospect, I believe, that one should also consider the fact that Congress at the time was overwhelmingly Democratic, and therefore Roosevelt did not meet much resistance in the legislative branch. However, earlier in his career, as governor of New York, Roosevelt had proven that he was able to pass bills even with a legislative branch of opposing views. Most of Roosevelt’s first acts as president were of a humanitarian approach. Basically, he required relief for American families that had suffered for too long, and at the same time recovery for the economy. Not being completely successful in the latter, his second New Deal now dealt with reform. Programs that were of a more radical nature were now being issued by the Democratic administration. Having realized that his initial programs were not sufficient to end the Depression, Roosevelt now wanted, in facing outcries from both left and right side of the political scale, to fight poverty and unemployment in a much more perpetual manner.

Instead of just providing relief for those in need, he now tried to halter unemployment by raising work opportunities. He created the Works Progress Administration (WPA), under which various construction jobs were brought into being. Other programs similar to WPA were designed. The programs all had one thing in common. Jobs! Instead of welfare, working opportunities had emerged. Later, I will discuss the sociological impact this had on the American society. Another domestic program, which unlike WPA today is still very much a key player on the political agenda, is the Social Security Act of 1935. The Social Security Act set up care for the elderly, the unemployed, dependent mothers and children, and the handicapped. Social Security was initially met with quite a bit of adversity. Conservatives, who had always believed in self-reliance and laissez-faire policy objected to this kind of interventionism from Roosevelt’s administration. Today, it is still very much an object of criticism, but at the same time it is heralded as one of the greatest things to come out of the New Deal. New Deal had a tremendous impact on many different aspects of American life, and today its footprints are still very much visible. The imprints that it left on nearly every aspect of political, social, and economic developments in the following decades are obvious. Politically, Roosevelt was a genius. He was able to recognize the essence of leadership through hard times, and provided the American people with a purpose in life. He sparked an optimism that his predecessors had been unable to. Although his New Deal had not exactly benefited African Americans, women, sharecroppers, Mexican Americans etc. he was able to win their support. These groups were not helped by Roosevelt in any way more than Hoover had helped them. His programs mostly served those people who were mentioned in the Social Security program. African Americans still saw prejudice in every aspect of their lives. New Deal did little to erase these problems. Nonunionized workers were not helped by any means in the same way that organized workers were. So, how was he able to win their vote' In that respect, I think, FDR owes a lot to his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, whom I have to say was very much a part of the New Deal.

By visiting and speaking to the dispossessed and forgotten, they saw in her a friendly face and her immense popularity with the weaker parts of society ricocheted off her and on to Mr. Roosevelt. Having said that, Roosevelt tried to help those in need. It just seems to me that the people who were on the lowest step of the latter were not the ones on the top of the list. But, it is also important to look at the time in which all this took place. Up until Roosevelt, presidents had continued to ignore the well-being of this group of people. Now, they saw a man who was willing to do something about the problems in society, and they probably felt convinced that their time would eventually come too. Socially, Roosevelt’s New Deal had a huge impact. On his path to a new and more stabilized America, FDR faced quite a bit of adversity. Throughout history, America had had its laissez-faire policy and the overwhelming belief in self-reliance, but now Roosevelt’s interventionism proved to be a success, and many Americans found that contradictory to what they had always believed in. Therefore, everywhere in America, people were faced with a dilemma, a dilemma of whether to support this successful president and hence cast away their own beliefs or to stick to their own opinions, stubbornly, and elect a new president. Most people chose the former, but while doing this, a new spirit erupted in the U.S. A new set of rules. Self-relying, “survival of the fittest”, “eat or be eaten” days had obviously not quite disappeared but at least a sense of caring for the weak now existed.

A welfare system, which by no means was as established and comprehensive as the ones we know exist in Scandinavia today, but one that changed Americans way of thinking and set up a new moral code. Suddenly, the working man had a voice, and politicians who cared for them or at least seemed to care to generate more votes. Labor unions grew dramatically in size as well as importance. Better conditions for unionized laborers were being negotiated, but at the same time, I believe it is crucial to mention that nonunionized laborers were still being if not ignored then at least overlooked. This group contained a big mass of workers throughout the country. Millions in the restaurant, retail, and service trades were still unorganized and therefore did not benefit directly from the New Deal. Psychologically, Roosevelt’s presidency had a great impact on the citizens of America. With his New Deal, he was able to lift their spirits, and as I mentioned, spark an optimism that had not been in the Americans minds for quite some time. The very fact that he was addressing some issues, which needed to be addressed and the fact that he was dealing with the problems in society raised people’s confidence in him and hence in themselves, leaving the Americans confident that better times were ahead. Even though many people consider Roosevelt’s New Deal to be the main reason behind the ending of the Depression, the fact remains that his reform programs did not improve the economical figures dramatically. He has always been credited, and rightfully so, with relieving human suffering, but this must be balanced against his failure to achieve economic recovery in the 30’s. Many people were still unemployed at the end of this decade.

Production was not up the pre-depression years. Actually, the New Deal led to one of the worst recessions in the 20th century. In the summer of 1937, not long after his second inauguration, Roosevelt refused to listen to economic experts advice that government spending needed to be increased. Instead he wanted to balance the budget, which led to a sharp decline in industrial production and hence a rise in unemployment. I previously mentioned his experimental politics, and his way of dealing with problems in society, but it must be said that the New Deal was centered around two legislative bursts in the spring of 1933 and the summer of 1935. During these periods Roosevelt put most of his programs into effect, but however effective or ineffective these programs proved to be, it is undeniable that his New Deal will forever be recognized and remembered as one of the most important time spans in American history and politics. However, I think Roosevelt’s leadership and personality greatly contributed to his and his terms’ undying fame. -C

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