Assignment_2-_Language_Related_Task

CAMBRIDGE ESOL CELTA ASSIGNMENT 2- LANGUAGE RELATED TASK TASK A- Analyse sentences 1-5 in terms of form, meaning and use, pronunciation and problems for learners 1) Have you ever been to Thailand' Form: auxiliary- present simple- subj. verb- proper “to have” pronoun + adverb + past participle + preposition + noun Have + you + ever + been + to + Thailand' Meaning and use: The present perfect. Questions whether someone has been to Thailand in their life-time. Used to talk about an action happening at an unspecified time in the past. The adverb “ever” is used to find out if an event took place. Pronunciation: /hæv juː ɛvǝ biːn tƏ taɪӀænd'/ I’ve = you’ve = he’s = she’s = we’ve = they’ve = Problems: Students may be tempted to use the past perfect instead of the present perfect as they are talking about something that happened in the past. In the early stages of learning students may try to use the verb “to go” which is often used with visiting places i.e. “have you ever gone to Thailand'” Students may confuse “ever” with “never”, used in a negative response to the question or in general negative statements. They may also say “not ever” instead of never and may miss the “no” out in negative replies. They may also struggle with correct positioning of the adverbs in the sentence. Eg, “No, I’ve never been to Thailand Pronunciation: Contraction of “I/you/he/she/we + have” = “I’ve/you’ve/he’s/she’s/we’ve etc. May need to drill this if new language. 2) I’m meeting him on Friday verb- subject present object + + proper Form: pronoun + tense of +….ing + pronoun + preposition + noun “to be” I + am + ….ing + him + on + Friday You + are etc. Meaning and use: The present continuous. I have made a definite arrangement to meet up with a someone on a specific day in the future. Used to talk about future plans or arrangements that have already been made, eg for tomorrow or next week. This structure is used when talking about people and in conjunction with a time reference. Pronunciation: aɪm mɪːtɪn I’m you’re he’s she’s we’re they’re Problems: Students may be tempted to use the present simple instead when discussing arrangements they have made. This confusion arises as the present simple is used in timetables, fixtures and programmes, eg the bus arrives at 07.00 Students may also be tempted to use “will” as the plan/ arrangement being discussed is taking place at a time in the future. The time reference is required to differentiate between something that is happening right now, eg she is staying with her friend (implies that this action is happening now). She is staying with her friend tonight (leaves no doubt that she is staying with her friend at a time in the future). Pronunciation: Contraction of I/you/he/she/we + am/are/is/are =I’m/you’re/he’s/she’s/we’re etc. May need to drill this if new language. 3) I wish I had studied harder at school Form: verb- auxiliary- verb- subject present object past past pre- pronoun + simple + pronoun + simple + participle+ adverb + position +noun “to wish” “to have” I + wish + I + had + studied + harder + at + school Meaning and use: Wish + the past perfect. Used to express regret or longing for something that happened or didn’t happen in the past, eg I wish I had studied harder at school. This implies that I didn’t study hard enough at school and I now regret it. This is also known as the “unreal past”. Pronunciation: he wishes she wishes Problems: Students may confuse this with the conditional aspect and try to use would have after wish, eg I wish I would have studied harder…which is incorrect. They may also try to use wish + past simple, eg I wish I studied harder which is, instead, used to talk about imaginary things we would like in the present, eg I wish I had a new car. Pronunciation: some students may find the pronunciation of the /sh/ sound difficult when conjugating the verb wish, especially the 3rd person singular, eg he/ she wishes 4) “I’d rather you didn’t bring Peter to the party Form: auxiliary verb “to do” past base proper pre- det- subject+modal+rather +object+simple+adverb+form+noun +position+erminer I +would+rather + you + did + not +bring+Peter + to + the contraction contraction I’d didn’t Meaning and use: I really do not want you to bring Peter to the party for reasons unspecified. This language is used to express preference that an action does not take place. It is often used to ask someone politely not to do something, eg I’d rather you didn’t drive my new car. Pronunciation: I’d = you’d = he’d = she’d = we’d = they’d = Problems: In this structure the modal verb to do is in the past simple form plus the base verb. However, the meaning is present and this may cause some confusion. As the party is taking place at a point in the future, students may try to use to do in the present simple form, eg I’d rather you don’t bring Peter to the party They may also try to use the modal will in order to refer to the future aspect, I’d rather you won’t bring Peter to the party. Both of these are incorrect. Ensure that students are aware that the contraction of I’d = I would (not I had) Students will need to know regular and irregular past participles Pronunciation: I/you/he/she/we etc + would = I’d/ you’d/he’d/she’d/we’d/they’d. Drill if necessary. 5) “I’ll have finished it by then” Form: subject past object pre- pronoun+ modal+modal+participle+ pronoun+position+adverb I + will + have + finished + it + by + then Meaning and use: Future perfect simple. I haven’t finished it yet, but my intention is to have it completed when a certain unspecified event / time in the future arrives. The action is seen as being in the past from a point in the future Pronunciation: I’ll = he’ll = she’ll = you’ll = we’ll = they’ll = Problems: Students may be tempted to use the modal “will” + the “base form” as used in the more direct form of future reference, eg I will finish it by then, but this implies an offer or promise rather than the definite completion of the action that use of the future perfect simple implies. Students commonly use “of” instead of have in this structure in its written form. Students will need to know regular and irregular past participles. Pronunciation: Contraction of l/ you/he/she/we etc. + will = I’ll/ he’ll/you’ll/we’ll etc. Students may find this difficult to both form and pronounce. May need to drill this if new language. Finished may cause problems for some students because of the / / sound followed by the –ed ending.