Art_History_Survey

Art History Survey II 9-9:50 Bartos Francisco Jose de Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Aragon Spain in 1746 to Jose Benitio de Goya and Garcia de Lucientes Salvador. Francisco was a Spanish painter and printmaker regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and as the first of the moderns. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown and chronicler of history. The subversive and subjective element in his art, as well as his bold handling of paint, provided a model for the work of later generations of artists, notably Manet and Picasso. He spent his childhood in Fuendetodos, where his family lived in a house bearing the family crest of his mother. In 1749, the family bought a house in the city of Zaragoza and some years later moved into it. Goya attended school at Escuelas Pias, where he formed a close friendship with Martin Zapater, and their correspondence over the years became valuable material for biographies of Goya. At age 14, he entered apprenticeship with the painter Jose Luzan. Goya married his wife Josefa on 25 July 1773. His marriage to Josefa and her brother Francisco Bayeu's membership of the Royal Academy of Fine Art helped him to procure work with the Royal Tapestry Workshop. There, over the course of five years, he designed some 42 patterns, many of which were used to decorate the bare stone walls of El Escorial and the Palicio Real del Pardo, the newly built residences of the Spanish monarchs near Madrid. This brought his artistic talents to the attention of the Spanish monarchs who later would give him access to the royal court. He also painted a canvas for the altar of the Church of the San Francisco El Grande in Madrid, which led to his appointment as a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Art. After contracting cholera and a high fever in 1792, Goya was left deaf, and he became withdrawn and introspective. During the five years he spent recuperating, he read a great deal about the French Revolution and its philosophy. The bitter series of aquatinted etchings that resulted were published in 1799 under the title Caprichos. In 1798, he painted luminous and airy scenes for the pendentives and cupula of the Real Ermita of San Antonia de la Florida in Madrid. His wife Josefa died in 1812, Goya was processing the war by painting The Charge of the Mamelukes and The Third of May 1808. Franciscio was preparing the series of prints known as The Disaster of War. In 1819, with the idea of isolating himself, he bought a country house by the Manzanares river just outside of Madrid. It was known as the Quinta del Sordo which ment “The house of the Deaf Man“. There he created the Black Painting with intense, haunting themes, reflective of the artist's fear of insanity, and his outlook on humanity. Goya left Spain in May 1824 for Bordeaux where he settled. He returned to Spain in 1826, but, despite a warm welcome, he returned in ill health to Bordeaux, where he died in 1828 at the age of 82. He was of Catholic Faith and was buried in Bordeaux in 1919 his remains were transferred to the Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida in Madrid.