Apple's_Organization_Structure

Page of Contents 1. Executive Summary.................................................................................................2  Introduction  Apple's organizational structure 2. Mission and Objective..........................................................................................2-3  Mission statement  Mission and objective 3. Apple Work team and Cross Function..................................................................3-4  Overall of the 5 types of work team  Work team and cross function 4. Motivations...........................................................................................................4-6  Why company needs a motivation  Applying for theory  Apple motivation system 5. Organizational Culture and Change.....................................................................6-9  Definition of Organization Culture  Organizational Culture  Organizational Change and History 6. Structure and Organization.................................................................................9-11  Organizational i. The minimum ii. Multi position iii. Movement  Behavioral principles i. Respect ii. Development iii. People 7.Conclusion..............................................................................................................12 8. References............................................................................................................13 1. Executive Summary  Introduction Apple Inc. was founded in 1876 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. This company is an American multinational corporation nowadays. The Company currently is based in Cupertino, California, USA and has Offices in the UK, Japan and other countries. Currently, Apple's hardware is personal computer such as Macintosh and Macbook. Also the iPod and the iPhone is the Main product of Apple's. In software, The iTunes is online music store program and QuickTime is an extensible proprietary multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc., capable of handling various formats of digital video, picture, sound, and interactivity. These two are well-Known main axis of Apple's software. Beyond that, They sales enterprise product and peripherals, also operates the Apple store.  Apple's organizational structure. This table explains Apple's organizational structure as it relates to the following "named executive officers" These are the central figure in the Apple Inc. Name Position Steve P. Jobs Chief Executive Officer and co-founder Timothy D. Cook Chief Operating Officer Peter Oppenheimer Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Ronald B. Johnson Senior Vice President, Retail Division Scott Forstall Senior Vice President, iPhone Software Jonathan Ive Senior Vice President, Industrial Design Bob Mansfield Senior Vice President, Mac Hardware Engineering Phil Schiller Senior Vice President, Worldwide Product Marketing 2. Mission and objective  Mission Statement Apple Inc. concern about protect the environment, employees of health and safety also. Indeed global communities Apple Inc. operating. This company do together which are environmental, health and safety management practices on all aspects of their business, they can do offer technologically creative products and services while conserving and enhancing resources for the future and future generations. Apple Inc. towards strives for constantly improve their own environmental, health and safety management process and in the part of environmental quality of their products, processes and services.  Mission and objective At the first time, their slogan is "Byte into an Apple", it's used to use in the late of 1907s. From 1997 to 2002, they used the slogan "Think Different" in all kinds of their advertising campaigns. This slogan was came from Steve, in the middle of this company was changed the CEO, people called that time is the timeline of "Sculley". The slogan, "Think different" had lasting impact on their image and revived their popularity and reputation with the unique advertising. Till now this slogan so close to associated with Apple Inc. actually it's retired. Apple Inc. has slogans for each specific product lines - for instance, "iThink, therefore iMac" which is used in 1988 to promote the iMac, and the second one is "Say hello to iPhone"has been used in iPhone advertising. "Hello" was used to introduce the original Macintosh, Newton, iMac("hello (again)"), and iPod. Quite funny thing is slogan of product that everyone can feel communicate with Steve. 3. Apple work team & cross function  Overall of the 5 types of work team Basically, the first one is "Immature group" which is called another name also, it's stage one of the work process. It is too messy some times, so that in this stage, members have to assess what is the actual problem and get answer of handle problems. Second is "Fractional group". Literally is about fractional member group, it could be struggle with leadership. The third and fourth is definitely important parts here. Based on trust, everyone can come together for their final goal. Then fourth is most effective team, which is very flexible, openness and helpfulness. In case of this company(Apple INC.) they are using type 3 and type4 mixing together. These days some of company doing the type5, but it is absolutely separating all about their final goal, project and so on. Actually it is for motivating and inspiring, however sadly it is not deal with it well. Image  Work team and cross function Apple INC. last 11years managed by Sculley, at that time decreased the market share the reason why is the too much biggest work team. When Steve came back to company again, he decided downsize the biggest work team, and after that changed Sculley's method drastically. One of example is project team, which is actually based on 50 teams of each project, then Steve decided 50 to 10. At the result the team is reduced , and they've been adopted cross function. Therefore they are organized various teams. Designers and engineers are share information, cooperative, mutual cooperation. In this process as role of company, it can cause competitive spirit. So this competitive makes them produce the goods more quickly than before. Mentioned before about this company's system that mixed up 2 types of work team. so that, it makes as part of designer team and engineer team can do flexible. Their working process is divided 4steps. The first step is orientation to task then do the second, organization to task and the third one, increased data flow achieve task. At the result they finally get the solving problem. Through these 4step process, role of cross work team's each part's specific factors more important than others. Sharing group should concern about cooperation with members opinion mediation. In this group have to worry about personal relations between group members, too. Another work team is effective team, they have to conflict all opinion together to right way. "Discuss what is the right way leading to our final goal of project". Apple INC.'s strategy is quite unique and interesting. It is hard to see other companies way, which is mixed two things together. 4. Motivation  Why company needs a motivation Even, the company is one of the best in the world. Employees are not followed the chief or company of goals. The company cannot keep on the best position. Company is not consist of only one person or department. That is why C.E.O has to give motivation to employees so that the company keep on growing. Motivation is the processes that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a organizational goal ; the motivation is to make an employees more active to perform of duties so that motivation is the driving force behind growth of company.  Applying for Theory In this paper it provides an obvious definition of motivation, views of why existing theories are partly old era and introduces a new model in order to obtain a holistic view of the motivation concept. Successful organizations share a common attribute: They came quickly to realize that employees play an important role in terms of business performance (Tidd and Bessant, 2009) Motivation can the best be depicted as the force “ that gives impetus to our behavior by arousing, obtaining, and directing it toward the attainment of goals” (Wortman, et al, 1999,P. 364). A lot of theorists have a tried to find a way of describing the concept of motivation. Much has been told about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1970), MC (McGregor, 1960) or Herzberg’s two factor theory (Herzberg, 2003) and there is no doubt that these content theories do provide valuable insights into motivation.  Apple Motivation System Apple, which is considered the most innovative and admired company in the world (BusinessWeek, 2009; Fortune, 2009), attracts and keeps employees in part because of the benefits, or expected and non-performance related incentives, it offers, such as product discounts or private insurances (Apple, 2010). Apple has applied kind different motivational device to get Apple’s employees up to the mark. There is the merit of the working environment that the apple employees have which they can wear any clothes that will affect effectively to their working effectiveness. Generally, the company emphsises on the motto “work hard play hard” but Apple is the company who keeps insists on relaxed environment that the employees can enjoy in their working hours. They have a Commitment to Diversity that claims “Apple respects and celebrates various experiences and backgrounds. By taking new, creative and innovative people into the company, we integrate and respect their different views and techniques, resulting in to the production of the best products on the market. At Apple, the associations of diverse network systems provide employees an opportunity to get a professional support and networking activities that improve diversity. It results in helping us to look for the new talent and more commitment by providing the resources and employment opportunities by the partners. Apple has been shown clearly about motivation. In apple, that is a clear to show that employee motivation is a censorious determinant of success and affluence. Through, this paper we have seen that is important to see employee motivation as a value of interrelated external, organizational and independent factors and the way in which employees consider their company and their organization which is a working place. Apple is a one of the most perfect paragon of a company that is shown about employees want to do something more then also of getting them to do it themselves. To reach of achieve this, organizations need to develop both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation through organizational factors like a culture that encourages commitment or a whole system of reward that recognizes employees’ achievements and value by offering financial and non financial incentives. That is why Apple has grown one of the fastest company in the world. 5. Organizational culture and change  Definition of Organization Culture Definition of organizational culture, there seems to be wide agreement that organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. The system of shown meaning is, on closer examination, a set of key characteristics that the organization values. The research gives that there are seven important characteristics that, in aggregate, capture the essence of an organization’s culture: innovation, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, and stability. Organizational culture is concerned with how employees perceive the characteristics of an organization’s culture, not with whether they like them; that is, it is a descriptive term. This is important because it differentiates this concept from job satisfaction  Organizational Culture In 1976, at that time mostly people wanted to buy a computer at home. There was a some problem about cost and instruction. So that Apple established by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak for making computer not complicated. Until now the company of purpose still remains in Apple which is innovation, not complicated computer, good design. Apple employees, if the boss micromanaging is not there when all employees should self motivated individuals working harder that is a culture of apple was based on their ideal. The peculiar organizational structure of apple had it to develop and react more quickly to innovate than other competition companies. The reason is very simply because of quick responsiveness. It is helpful for starting their project if there are only a few colleague to gain approval from. Apple has certified the truth one of the fastest grown company because of decisions were made at the lowest possible level. Corporate headquarters made rule and supervised all of business activities, but the local employees made the day to day decisions on the ground in countries all over the worked. This kind of top and down philosophy allowed for resolutions and fast responsiveness to situations except involving the corporate headquarters.  Organizational Change and History Steven Jobs (1976 ~ 1984) Apple was established by Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak. They wanted to provide simple computer even beginner would use computer. After launching of Apple 2, company has grown rapidly in the 1980s more than 15% of world’s PC market. At that time, Apple had five product division which are computer system, software, product development, hardware and four part of product support division department which are marketing, financial, manufacturing, customer service. Executive department control each department. Sculley (1985 ~ 1993) In 1985, Steven Jobs was fired by Apple stockholders then Sculley was inaugurate as new Apple C.E.O. Sculley had emphasized about low cost producer in Apple so that he did reorganizing Apple. As a result 20% of employees had to leave Apple except Research & Department. He changed organization structure more simple ; three product division had to combine one product operation. Spinder (1993 ~ 1995) Spinder had tried to cost reduction and keep on launching innovate computer as like Steven Jobs. But he does not have propulsive force so that Apple had not keep on their position. Amelio ( 1996 ~ 1997) Amelio had tried to price premium project. He focused on high margin product such as PDA, server project. Even, Apple merger and acquisitions NextStep that was more aggravated. Steven Jobs In 1997, Steven Jobs came back to Apple. Before time, Apple’s debts had keep on growing but Apple could become recorded 100 million dollars in the black. Firstly, Steven Jobs did reorganization. Moreover, each department would get creativity and independence but each department should link each other organically. As a result, Apple could get back as like before. Moreover, Apple launched MP3 which is called i Pod. That is given new heyday. Apple has changed their organizational structure many times. Some of the organizational structure had a fault so that Apple had spent tough time. Finally, Apple found fit organizational structure through mistake. Nowadays, Apple is one of the powerful company in the world because of their special organizational structure. Structures are definitely more complicated but department should be independent more specific it made Apple competitive company than other competition company. 6. Structure and organization As we know Apple is one of biggest corporation in the world. However, Steve Jobs who is Apple’s CEO has ever mentioned Apple is just starting the atmosphere of a venture company. Then how Apple can maintain atmosphere like just starting venture company.  Organizational - Organizational culture i. The minimum Apple doesn’t build large teams to work on every product they make. Instead, they hire very few, but very intelligent people who can work on different projects and move around as needed. On the other hand, Microsoft rival they organize a big team. It may be a problem that they think they can solve problems by lots of people at them. ii. Multi position The team of Mac OS and iOS continues to change. The engineers on the Mac OS and iOS teams move back and forth between the two projects based on release cycles and what needs to ship next. Generally, most of companies make their workers work only at one part. So it’s a big difference between Apple and other companies. An engineer at Apple can’t be just as one part of a team. iii. Movement Immediately pulled when needed the company is starting a new team quickly organized elite group polite and leave it straight away. The company started a new App Development of the axes from the staff without charge, if that’s necessary to be able to do it. Besides, at Apple there are no middle managers. According to one of workers who worked for 6 years he said middle managers wouldn’t be needed the most in the world.  Behavioral principles - Behavioral principles i. Respect Engineers rather than managers of the company moving. Apple to at least the project team and the project will be led by engineers. In other company managers and engineers to understand the difference between conflict. However, Apple engineers in the field of the managers also have excellent capability for the entire project can be understood in the technical aspects. Also, between management and employees have a culture to respect each other. Executives have a background in technology. That’s why product managers and computer engineers, there is no dissonance was too great respect for one another. Another great thing is product development initiatives to give employees. Employees touch the product, if it finds a problem, they can fix it immediately without consent of official. According to Agarwal the best things to come from the engineers, the efforts of individuals. ii. Development Staff develop their skills further. Originally little more than the ability of employees to work hard to further develop the staff is said to be. Apple employees with the ability to grow and improve various skills excellent company. Moreover, they said the deadline is important. Apple absolutely should not miss the deadline, the important thing is that. The newly established company have given no particular product is to continue creating products that make a lot of products in order to properly make sure it is important to set deadlines to make. The interesting thing is they don’t care about other company’s product. They don’t compare to the other company’s product, they try to make only a superior product. iii. People Apple hire people who passion at product. Agarwal said employees of Apple they really wanted to work in Apple. He was also Apple fan. So that, he worked harder. When Apple hire people, they would like to hire people who like Apple’s style and with enthusiasm. Work-life balance is important. As they work to be faithful in their personal lives says. Apple is good health insurance and vacations around Christmas and Thanksgiving season, was sent to the well. Who have worked hard for Apple that the doctrine must rest. Lastly, they said the newly established company to grow the company and shall keep the same culture. Apple is always to minimize the bureaucracy is a company focused on engineering-centric culture. Apple maintains a culture of entrepreneurship at the time, and this application would like to be one of the elements of success relied on. 7. Conclusion These days, news, TV, Internet and in media stories about Apple’s once a hearing, we can have read. In fact, it’s not many years that Apple stole eyes and ears of people. Even a few years ago, we thought to see people use Apple’s who are professional. However, now it’s changed and we can see a lot of people using Apple’s. Then why it’s changed' During we doing this group project, we realized once more how Apple is amazing. Sometimes we heard that Apple was established by Jobs and Wozniak. But, Jobs is well known than Wozniak. So we didn’t know what Wozniak did. We knew Wozniak is a wonderful engineer and Jobs is a clever go-getter than engineer. Also, we were surprised that Apple has a family feeling. Because, we supposed Apple would be closed. On the other hand, imitation is not always bad is one of what we knew. Steve Jobs is also a master of copying. His innovations created something new rather than the existing variety of innovative products and services comes from the collection together. Originally, Apple is computer company. But, they didn’t stop there, MP3, making inroads into various fields such as mobile phones, the result was successful. This challenging should win. However, there is a fatal weakness. Three of us are using Apple’s IPhone. When we touch specific part, reception condition falls significantly. Apple stated not to do touch that part and they didn’t recall, they just released free bumper. Some consumer understand it. However, as customer it seems too arrogant. In addition, a week ago, infringement of privacy of Apple was issued. It is IPhone user’s location information is being stored automatically. So that, 2 users of IPhone sued Apple. But, Apple hadn’t said anything. Finally, on April 27 they just excused without an apology to customers. They’re still blamed and customers are disappointed in Apple. We recognize Apple is excellent. However, they try to care more their customers, they may be better. 8. References Apple(2010) All the benefits you’d expect. And then some. [Online] Available from < http://www.apple.com/jobs/us/benefits.html> [19 April 2011] Apple’s Organizational structure (2011) Apple insider forums [Online] Available from < http://forums.appleinsider.com/showthread.php't=114205> [15 April 2011] Apple’s 9 kinds of principles of behavior [Online] Available from < http://www.ebuzz.co.kr/content/buzz_view.html'ps_ccid=85825> [9 Aug 2010] BusinessWeek (2009) The 50 Most Innovative Companies [Online] Available from < http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/innovative_50_2009/> [20 April 2011] Herzberg F. 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