Ancient_History,_Thutmose_Iii_Ans_Ahmose_I

SPEECH HISTORICAL PERIOD The pharaohs of Ancient Egypt had important roles to play in, they held society together through hard times and also help establish the society and build new monuments and buildings. The two pharaohs I am going to be addressing today are, Thutmose III and Ahmose I. Ahmose I also known as Amosis was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty. He was part of and belonged to the Theban royal house, as he was the son of Pharaoh Tao II Seqenenre and brother to the pharaoh King Kamose. When Ahmose I was seven years of age his father was killed and was only ten when his brother had died, at this point he had taken over the throne and became known as Neb-Pehty-Re. Ahmose I followed the tradition of his father and married a couple of his sisters, making Ahmose-Nefertari his chief wife. They had several children which included, Sitamun A and Ahmose-Ankh. Ahmose I’s reign lasted from about 1550-1525BC, giving and equalling a total of 25 years and 4 months, this is supported by a “Year 22” inscription from his reign at the stone quarries of Tura. Ahmose I during his reign; He had finished the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region. Restored and returned Theban rule over the whole of Egypt and reasserted Egyptian power in its past subject territories of Nubia and Canaan. He then reorganised the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began also big construction programs, of a style which had not been before attempted in Middle Kingdom. Ahmoses I’s reign had given a base to the New Kingdom, which Egyptian power reached its peak. The Ahmose took up the throne when he was still a young child, so his mother, Ahhotep, was assigned the role as regent until he was of age. Some of the descriptions of her regal roles while in power, included the general honoured "carer for Egypt", she effectively kept the Theban power base in the years prior to Ahmose assuming full control. Ahmose I began the conquest of Lower Egypt held by the Hyksos starting around the 11th year of Khamudis reign. Analysing the events before the siege of the Hyksos capital of Avaris is very difficult. Almost all the evidence present is from a simple and brief but non-valuable military commentary on the back of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, containing of brief diary entries. The Rhind Papyrus contains and describes some of Ahmoses I’s military strategies when attacking the Delta. We can also conclude from this piece of evidence that he was planning a blockade of Avaris, isolating the Hyksos capital from help, supplies and support coming from Canaan. Evidence and records showing that, the latter part of the campaign were discovered on the tomb walls of a participating soldier, Ahmose, son of Ebana. These records show us that Ahmose Led three attacks against Avaris, the Hykos capital, but also control and conquer a small rebellion further south of Egypt. In the forth attack he conquered and ruled the city. After defeating the Hyksos, Ahmose began campaigning in Syria and Nubia. Evidence and details for this campaign are scare and there is not much provided due to the fact that most of the information is not present is because Amose son of Ebanawas serving in the Egyptian army and did not take part in the land journey. Soon after the Nubian campaign, a Nubian named Aata rebelled against Ahmose, but was defeated. With the reunification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Ahmose a royal support for the arts and monumental construction occurred. Ahmose reportedly devoted a tenth of all the productive output towards the service of the traditional gods, as well as the arts. This is shown as Ahmose reopened the Tura limestone quarries to provide stone for monuments and used Asiatic cattle from Phoenicia to haul the stone, according to his quarry inscription. Ahmose resumed large construction projects like those before the second intermediate period. In the south of the country he began constructing temples mostly built of brick, one of them in the Nubian town of Buhen. In Upper Egypt he made additions to the existing temple of Amun at Karnak and to the temple of Montu at Armant. According to an inscription at Tura, he used white limestone to build a temple to Ptah and the southern harem of Amun, but did not finish either project. Evidence for this is provided at excavations at the site of Avaris by Manfred Bietak has shown that Ahmose had a palace constructed on the site of the former Hyksos capital city's fortifications. Under Ahmose's reign, the city of Thebes became the capital for the whole of Egypt, as it had been in the previous Middle Kingdom. It also became the centre for a newly established professional civil service, where there was a greater demand for scribes and the literate as the royal archives began to fill with accounts and reports. Having Thebes as the capital was probably a strategic choice as it was located at the centre of the country, the logical conclusion from having had to fight the Hyksos in the north as well as the Nubians to the south. Any future opposition at either border could be met easily and easily fought off. Perhaps the most important shift and the biggest was a religious one: Thebes effectively became the religious as well as the political centre of the country, its local god worshipped Amun credited with amazing Ahmose in his victories over the Hyksos. The importance of the temple complex at Karnak on the east bank of the Nile north of Thebes grew and the importance of the previous cult of Ra based in Heliopolis was soon wiped out and cleared. Ahmose I was succeeded by his son, Amenhotep I. A small amount of historians and scholars have argued that Ahmose had short co-regency lasting approximately 7 years. Although evidence to support this is lacking. So therefore the co-regency is uncertain of as there is no solid evidence to prove for this. Thutmose III also known as Thutmosis was the 6th pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. During the first 22 years of Thutmose’s reign he was co-regent with his stepmother Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. Thutmosis III had hated his step-mother for taking him out of his power. Even though Hatshepsut is shown first on surviving monuments, they were both equally assigned roles. And he served as the head of her armies. After the death of Hatshepsut, he had rised to the thrown and created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen; No fewer than 17 campaigns were conducted. He conquered from Niya in north Syria to the fourth waterfall of the Nile in Nubia. Officially Thutmose ruled for almost 54 years, and his reign dated from April 24, 1479 BC to March 11, 1425 BC. Thutmosis III appointed his son Amenhotep II as his junior co-regent. When Thutmosis III died, he was buried in the Valley of the Kings the areas in which all kings from this period were buried. The length of Thutmose III’s reign is known to the day, due to information found in the tomb of the court official Amenemheb. Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II by a secondary wife, Iset. Regardless of this, when Thutmose II died Thutmose III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut became his regent, soon his coregent, and shortly after that she was declared the pharaoh. Thutmosis III had two known wives Satiah and Merytre-Hatshepsut. Thutmosis III had little power over the empire while Hatshepsut took care of the formal kingship. Her ruling was marked with great advancements. When Thutmosis III had reached the suitable age he was then appointed to lead her armies. Widely considered a military tactician and genius by historians, Thutmose III made 16 raids within 20 years. He was an active ruler, and sometimes referred to as Egypt’s greatest conquereror “the Napoleon of Egypt”. Evidence supports the fact that he had captured 350 cities during his rule and conquered much of the Nera East form the Euphrates to Nubia during 17 known military campaigns. He was also the first Pharaoh after Thutmose I to cross the Euphrates; he did this whilst on his campaign against Mitanni. Evidence is show in the campaign records which were transcribed onto the walls of the temple of Amun at Karmak. Thutmosis III is constantly know as one of the greatest of Egypt’s warrior pharaohs, who transformed Egypt into a international superpower by creating a large empire that stretched from southern Syria through to Canaan and Nubia. In most of his campaigns his enemies were defeated and conquered town by town. The proffered tactic was to weaker city or state, resulting in complete domination. There is a lot know about Thutmosis III “the warrior”, not because of his military achievements but also because of his royal scribe and commander, Thanuny who wrote about his conquests, it is due to him there is so much evidence available today. Some of the significant events in the life of Thutmosis III include; First Campaign Tours of Canaan and Syria Conquest of Syria Attack on Mitanni Tours of Syria Nubian Campaign Although Thutmosis III followed the traditional relief styles for most of his reign, after his forty-second year, he began changing his style, wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and a šndyt-kilt, in a never before seen style. This change of style was also seen through his use of pillars in architecture. His Jublilee hall for example was revolutionary, and is the earliest known building created in the basilica style. Thutmosis III had dedicated much of his time to the Karnak rather than any other building site. Until recently, a general theory that Thutmoses III never forgave his stepmother, for denying him access to the thrown for the first two decades of his reign. After the death of Hatshepsut, many of Hatshepsut's monuments and depictions were defaced or destroyed, including those in her famous mortuary temple complex at Deir el-Bahri. This has provided evidence for us and is interpreted in a way means that condemning a person by erasure from recorded existence. The destruction of Hatshepsut’s memory is seen as a measure designed to ensure a smooth succession for the son of Thutmose III. Thumosis III was seen as the warrior pharaoh of Egypt and seen as a powerful figure after taking over the throne from Hatshepsut. He had done a lot and built beautiful monuments and buildings for the people of Egypt. In conclusion both of these pharaohs were essential to the development and functioning of Ancient Egypt. They have been remembered by many for the beautiful monuments they built and arranged, the many campaigns organised and succeed by, and also they held all of Egypt together through rough times, and defended for the land and fought for it. Thutmose III was seen as more of the warrior pharaoh, whereas Ahmose was seen more for his daily duty and achievements through his time rather than that one specific image. Thank-you for listening to my speech.