342_Toeic_Vocabulary_Tests_3420_Words_by_Meaning

A 1. A.O.B.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words AOL A A.O.B. AOL abbr. used at the end of the list of subjects to be abbr. American corporation headquartered in Virginia, discussed at a meeting or conference owner and operator of on line and interactive computer services Forms: America Online 3. ASAP4. a.m. Forms: any other business –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ASAP a.m. abbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast abbr. morning; time before noon; hours between midnight and noon 5. abbreviation6. abide Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.) Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. v. to comply; to obey; to conform; to stay; to tolerate Forms: plural: abbreviations ability8. abide n. shortened form of a word or word combination able abbreviation Forms: abided; abided; abiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ability able n. skill; talent; aptitude; capacity; power adj. competent; talented; apt 9. abolish10. abound Forms: plural: abilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11. v. to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing above12. abound v. to cancel; to revoke above abolish Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above above prep. over; higher than; more than n. something previously mentioned or indicated 13. above14. above Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15. abreast16. above adj. mentioned earlier in the same text abroad above adv. overhead; over; in a higher place –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abreast abroad adv. side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; adv. in another country; outside; widely 17. absence18. absent well-informed –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– absence absent n. failure to appear; state of being away; state of being adj. preoccupied; lost in thought not present 19. absorb20. absorbed Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words absorb absorbed v. to suck up; take up; take in adj. treated as an expense 21. abundant22. abuse Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abundant abuse adj. plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with v. to injure; to harm; to mistreat 23. abuse24. accelerate Forms: abused; abused; abusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abuse accelerate n. maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language v. to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating 25. accelerator26. accept Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. v. to receive; to agree; to consent Forms: plural: accelerators acceptance28. accept n. gas pedal of a motor vehicle access accelerator Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acceptance access n. act of receiving; approval; state of believing in v. to gain entrance to; to get at something 29. access30. accident Forms: no plural Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– access accident n. approach; entry; permission to enter a computer n. casualty; misadventure; mishap; failure system or network and/or retrieve data 31. accommodate32. accommodation Forms: no plural Forms: plural: accidents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accommodate accommodation v. to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging n. housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment 33. accompany34. accomplish Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35. v. to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying accomplishment36. accomplish v. to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach accord accompany Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 37. v. to give; to match; to fit; to complement Forms: plural: accomplishments accord38. accord n. fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement accordance accomplishment Forms: accorded; accorded; according –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. n. conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability Forms: no plural account40. accordance n. agreement; settlement; harmony account accord Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– account account v. to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard n. business arrangement; client; funds deposited in a bank Forms: plural: accounts 41. accountant42. accounting Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement Forms: plural: accountants 43. n. a system of recording and analyzing financial conducts financial audits accredit44. accounting n. a person who keeps financial records; a person who accrue accountant Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. v. to compile; to increase; to accumulate; to grow Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting accuracy46. accrue v. to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license achieve accredit Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47. v. to obtain; to attain; to perform; to accomplish Forms: no plural achievement48. achieve n. preciseness; exactness acquaint accuracy Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– achievement acquaint n. performance; operation; attainment; mission; success v. to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone 49. acquaintance50. acquainted Forms: plural: achievements Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acquaintance acquainted n. person that you have met but do not know well; adj. familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware knowledge of something; familiarity 51. acquire52. acquisition Forms: plural: acquaintances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words acquire acquisition v. to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain n. purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained Forms: plural: acquisitions 53. acronym54. actual Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acronym actual n. a word which is formed from the first letters of several adj. substantial; real; tangible; current words; i.e. TOEIC or NATO 55. ad56. ad Forms: plural: acronyms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ad ad n. informal word for a commercial announcement pref. toward; at 57. adamant58. adamant Forms: plural: ads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adamant adamant n. something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to adj. unyielding; firm; hard; unbending diamond 59. adapt60. addiction Forms: plural: adamants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adapt addiction v. to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit n. devotion to a certain habit; dependency 61. addition62. additional Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting Forms: plural: addictions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– addition additional n. supplement; mathematical operation adj. extra; supplemental 63. additive64. address Forms: plural: additions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– additive address n. supplement v. to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to refer to 65. address66. adept Forms: plural: additives Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– address adept n. location; description of a location adj. proficient; skilled; expert 67. adept68. adequate Forms: plural: addresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words adept adequate n. person who is an expert; person who is skilled adj. sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper 69. adhere70. adjourn Forms: plural: adepts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. another place Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering adjust72. v. to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to organization etc.) adjustable adjourn v. to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, rate adhere Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 73. n. an interest percentage that changes over time Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting adjustment74. adjustable rate v. to modify; to adapt; to fit; to arrange; to settle administer adjust Forms: plural: adjustable rates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75. v. to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense Forms: plural: adjustments administration76. administer n. adaption; settlement of an insurance claim administrative adjustment Forms: administered; administered; administering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– administration administrative n. management; supervisors; leadership adj. managerial; executive 77. admirable78. admiration Forms: plural: administrations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admirable admiration adj. worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; n. enchantment; affection; adoration marvelous 79. admission80. admit Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admission admit n. entrance; permission to enter; confession v. to confess to something; to allow entrance; to accept as valid 81. admonish82. ado Forms: no plural Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83. n. commotion; flurry; excitement Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing adopt84. ado v. to warn; to scold; to reprove adorn admonish Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 85. v. to decorate; to beautify Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting adroit86. adorn v. to form a relationship with another person adult adopt Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adroit adult adj. alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept n. opposite of child; a grown-up; a mature person 87. adult88. advance Forms: plural: adults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. advance90. advance adj. mature; full grown advance adult adj. beforehand –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advance advance n. progress; modernization; promotion v. to progress; to promote; to make a payment before it is due 91. advancement92. advantage Forms: plural: advances Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 93. advantage94. n. benefit; profit; utility; avail Forms: plural: advancements adverse advantage n. forward movement; progress; promotion opinion advancement Forms: plural: advantages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advantage adverse opinion v. to help; to assist; to promote; to be beneficial to n. one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided; section; portion 95. adversely96. adversity Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging Forms: plural: adverse opinions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adversely adversity adv. unfavorably; in a manner that works against; n. misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering antagonistically 97. advert98. advert Forms: plural: adversities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advert advert v. to refer to; to comment on; to draw attention to n. public announcement or printed notice designed to attract attention 99. advertise100. advertisement Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting Forms: plural: adverts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words advertise advertisement v. to promote; to draw attention to; to publicize n. commercial information designed to attract attention; commercial Forms: plural: advertisements 101. advice102. advise Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 103. v. to counsel; to offer guidance; to notify; to inform Forms: no plural advisor104. advise n. counsel; guidance; specific information; hint affect advice Forms: advised; advised; advising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advisor affect n. a person who provides guidance; consultant; counselor v. to influence 105. affiliate106. affiliate Forms: plural: advisors; other spelling version: adviser Forms: affected; affected; affecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 107. v. to join with; to connect to; to become attached to Forms: plural: affiliates affiliation108. affiliate n. partner company; distributor affinity affiliate Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109. n. attraction; closeness; liking; likeness Forms: plural: affiliations afford110. affinity n. connection; attachment age affiliation Forms: plural: affinities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 111. n. period; era; generation Forms: afforded; afforded; affording age112. age v. to be able to pay for; to supply; to provide agency afford Forms: plural: ages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113. n. office; bureau; institution; franchise; method Forms: aged; aged; aging agenda114. agency v. to grow older; to mature agent age Forms: plural: agencies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 115. n. representative; rep; factor; cause Forms: plural: agendas aggregate116. agent n. schedule; calendar; outline of things to be done aggregate agenda Forms: plural: agents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aggregate aggregate v. to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble adj. collective; total; taking all units as a whole 117. aggregate118. aging schedule Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 119. n. a list of accounts receivable Forms: plural: aggregates agree120. aging schedule n. combination; conjunction; group; mixture agreement aggregate Forms: plural: aging schedules –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agree agreement v. to consent; to concur; to suit; to have the same n. pact; contract; accord; consent; concurrence opinion; to fit Forms: plural: agreements 121. ahead122. aid Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ahead aid adv. forward; in advance v. to help; to assist 123. aid124. aim Forms: aided; aided; aiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 125. n. purpose; goal; objective; target Forms: plural: aids aim126. aim n. help; assistance; accessory aircraft aid Forms: plural: aims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aim aircraft v. to try or to intend to achieve something; to direct; to n. any vehicle which can be flown (i.e. helicopter) plan; to aspire 127. airport128. airways Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 129. n. route through traveled by vehicles above ground level Forms: plural: airports aisle130. airways n. place used by planes for takeoff and landing alert airport Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aisle alert n. passage; walkway (between rows of seats or shelves) adj. ready; attentive; quick; agile 131. alert132. alert Forms: plural: aisles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 133. v. to warn; to put on standby; to alarm Forms: plural: alerts alive134. alert n. warning; alarm; attitude of readiness allay alert Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 8 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words alive allay adj. active; attentive v. to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain 135. alleviate136. alliance Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 137. n. pact; treaty; connection; relationship Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating allot138. alliance v. to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to soften; to lessen allow alleviate Forms: plural: alliances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allot allow v. to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a v. to permit; to enable special purpose Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing 139. allowance140. already Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allowance already n. grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; deduction adv. previously; before a certain time 141. alter142. alternate Forms: plural: allowances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alter alternate v. to change; to modify adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging 143. alternate144. alternative Forms: altered; altered; altering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 145. n. choice; option Forms: alternated; alternated; alternating although146. alternative v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute altitude alternate Forms: plural: alternatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– although altitude conj. despite the fact that; in spite of the fact that n. height; distance above sea level 147. ambiguity148. ambiguous Forms: plural: altitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambiguity ambiguous n. vagueness; lack of clarity adj. open to dispute; obscure; vague 149. ambition150. ambitious Forms: plural: ambiguities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambition ambitious n. aspiration; hope; goal; dream adj. aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort 151. ambivalence152. amend Forms: plural: ambitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ambivalence amend n. state of having both positive and negative feelings v. to change; to alter; to improve towards a subject Forms: amended; amended; amending 153. amortization154. amount Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amortization amount n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of v. to come to a sum; to become; to total an asset Forms: amounted; amounted; amounting 155. amount156. ample Forms: plural: amortizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amount ample n. quantity; sum adj. much; plenty; large; spacious 157. analysis158. analyze Forms: plural: amounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subject) Forms: no plural 159. v. to examine; to break down into parts and study (as in a examination anchor160. analyze n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it; anchor analysis Forms: analyzed; analyzed; analyzing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 161. n. newsreader; broadcaster Forms: anchored; anchored; anchoring anger162. anchor v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly anger anchor Forms: plural: anchors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 163. n. rage; fury Forms: angered; angered; angering angle164. anger v. to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage angle anger Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 165. n. point of view; perspective Forms: angled; angled; angling anniversary166. angle v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction announcement angle Forms: plural: angles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 167. n. declaration; notice; the act of informing the public Forms: plural: anniversaries annoy168. announcement n. yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday annoying anniversary Forms: plural: announcements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 10 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words annoy annoying v. to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to upset adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing 169. annual170. anticipate Forms: annoyed; annoyed; annoying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– annual anticipate adj. occurring once a year; yearly v. to expect; to predict; to assume 171. anticipation172. anxious Forms: anticipated; anticipated; anticipating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anticipation anxious n. expectation; hope; intuition adj. fearful; worried; worrisome; eager; keen 173. anyhow174. anyway Forms: plural: anticipations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 175. apart176. anyway adv. in some way apart anyhow adv. in whatever manner; however –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 177. apartment178. apart prep. besides; but; excluding apologize apart adv. separately; aside; into pieces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 179. v. to express regret; to say sorry Forms: plural: apartments apology180. apologize n. flat apparatus apartment Forms: apologized; apologized; apologizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apology apparatus n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense; n. device; system; machine; gadget; appliance justification 181. apparel182. apparel Forms: plural: apologies Forms: plural: apparatuses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 183. n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb Forms: appareled; appareled; appareling apparently184. apparel v. to dress; to adorn wear appeal apparel Forms: plural: apparels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apparently appeal adv. evidently; obviously; allegedly; seemingly v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or judgment 185. appeal186. appealing Forms: appealed; appealed; appealing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words appeal appealing n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment adj. begging; attractive; interesting 187. appear188. appearance Forms: plural: appeals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 189. n. impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance Forms: appeared; appeared; appearing appliance190. appearance v. to come into view; to show up; to seem applicant appear Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 191. n. candidate; nominee Forms: plural: appliances application192. applicant n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus apply appliance Forms: plural: applicants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– practice Forms: plural: applications 193. v. to make a request; to implement; to realize; to put into implementation appoint194. apply n. software program; written request; formal letter; appointment application Forms: applied; applied; applying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 195. n. official date; meeting; interview; nomination Forms: appointed; appointed; appointing appreciate196. appointment v. to nominate; to designate approach appoint Forms: plural: appointments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 197. v. to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation) Forms: appreciated; appreciated; appreciating approach198. approach v. to esteem; to regard highly; to become more valuable appropriate appreciate Forms: approached; approached; approaching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– approach appropriate n. access; method; system; procedure adj. suitable; fitting 199. appropriate200. approval Forms: plural: approaches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 201. approve202. n. confirmation; endorsement; positive opinion Forms: appropriated; appropriated; appropriating approved approval v. to set aside; to allot; to adapt; to embrace; to accept list appropriate Forms: plural: approvals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 12 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words approve approved list v. to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse n. inventory of legal investments for savings banks and trust funds Forms: plural: approved lists 203. approximately204. apt Forms: approved; approved; approving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 205. aptitude206. apt adv. nearly; about; around; circa arbitrary approximately adj. suitable; appropriate; intelligent; savvy; capable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aptitude arbitrary n. ability; skill; talent adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted 207. area208. argue Forms: plural: aptitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 209. v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons Forms: plural: areas argument210. argue n. region; domain; field; category arrange area Forms: argued; argued; arguing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– argument arrange n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to order; to systematize 211. arrangement212. array Forms: plural: arguments Forms: arranged; arranged; arranging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213. n. display; layout; clothing; menu Forms: plural: arrangements arrest214. array n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment arrest arrangement Forms: plural: arrays –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215. v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison Forms: plural: arrests arrival216. arrest n. detention; imprisonment arrive arrest Forms: arrested; arrested; arresting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– arrival arrive n. reaching a destination; incoming; opposite of departure v. to reach a destination; to return; to come back; to succeed 217. article218. article Forms: plural: arrivals Forms: arrived; arrived; arriving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 219. v. to bind with a contract Forms: plural: articles articulate220. article n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract articulate article Forms: articled; articled; articling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words articulate articulate adj. lucid; eloquent; expressed using clear and distinct v. to express in a fluent and clear manner words; able to speak 221. artificial222. artisan Forms: articulated; articulated; articulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– artificial artisan adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal n. creator; craftsman; skilled workman 223. ascertain224. aspect Forms: plural: artisans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 225. n. facet; outlook; direction; issue; point Forms: ascertained; ascertained; ascertaining assemble226. aspect v. to clarify; to confirm; to reinforce; to verify assembly ascertain Forms: plural: aspects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 227. n. meeting; conference; set; group of people Forms: assembled; assembled; assembling assess228. assembly v. to gather; to collect; to converge; to arrange; to meet assessment assemble Forms: plural: assemblies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 229. n. estimation; appraisal; measurement Forms: assessed; assessed; assessing asset230. assessment v. to estimate; to gauge; to evaluate; to measure assign assess Forms: plural: assessments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– responsibility; to delegate; to appoint Forms: plural: assets 231. v. to allot; to apportion; to give somebody a task or item of quality; something beneficial assignment232. assign n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.); assimilate asset Forms: assigned; assigned; assigning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 233. v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb Forms: plural: assignments assist234. assimilate n. task; duty; responsibility; role; obligation assistance assignment Forms: assimilated; assimilated; assimilating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 235. n. aid; help; support; direction; upkeep Forms: assisted; assisted; assisting assistant236. assistance v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct assistant assist Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 14 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words assistant assistant n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary 237. associate238. associate Forms: plural: assistants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 239. v. to share company; to connect; to relate to; to combine Forms: plural: associates association240. associate n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend assort associate Forms: associated; associated; associating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 241. v. to classify; to categorize; to systematize; to structure Forms: plural: associations assortment242. assort n. organization; society; union; coalition; foundation assume association Forms: assorted; assorted; assorting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assortment assume n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture v. to suppose; to take on a position or duty; to accept an idea 243. assure244. attach Forms: plural: assortments Forms: assumed; assumed; assuming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assure attach v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to encourage v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to 245. attachment246. attain Forms: assured; assured; assuring Forms: attached; attached; attaching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attachment attain n. connection; confiscation; file sent via email v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.) 247. attainment248. attempt Forms: plural: attachments Forms: attained; attained; attaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 249. n. try; assay; test; trial Forms: plural: attainments attempt250. attempt n. achievement; fulfillment; ability attend attainment Forms: plural: attempts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attempt attend v. to try to; to assay v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to accompany 251. attendance252. attendant Forms: attempted; attempted; attempting Forms: attended; attended; attending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words person who accompanies others Forms: no plural 253. n. steward; stewardess; person who serves others; serving attendant254. attendant n. being physically present; act of accompanying or attendee attendance Forms: plural: attendants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attendant attendee adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a conference or seminar; participant 255. attention256. attentive Forms: plural: attendees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attention attentive n. concentration; consideration; focus; care; adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring acknowledgment; recognition 257. attentiveness258. attire Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 259. n. dress; clothing; apparel Forms: no plural attire260. attire n. concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue attitude attentiveness Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 261. n. position; opinion; viewpoint; outlook; perspective Forms: attired; attired; attiring attn.262. attitude v. to dress; to put on clothes attorney attire Forms: plural: attitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attn. attorney abbr. directed to a particular person (generally used n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; solicitor when addressing a letter or message) or issue 263. attract264. attribute Forms: attention Forms: plural: attorneys –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 265. n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature Forms: attracted; attracted; attracting attribute266. attribute v. to draw attention; to captivate; to fascinate auction attract Forms: plural: attributes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attribute auction v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder (such as eBay) 267. auction268. audience Forms: attributed; attributed; attributing Forms: plural: auctions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 16 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 269. n. group of people who attend a seminar, a talk, etc. Forms: auctioned; auctioned; auctioning audio270. audience v. to sell something through a bidding system audit auction Forms: plural: audience –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– audio audit adj. pertaining to hearing and listening; sound n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation 271. audit272. auditorium Forms: plural: audits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– audit auditorium v. to examine accounts and other financial records n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and other events 273. augment274. authority Forms: audited; audited; auditing Forms: plural: auditoriums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 275. n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction Forms: augmented; augmented; augmenting authorize276. authority v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply autograph augment Forms: plural: authorities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 277. v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name Forms: authorized; authorized; authorizing autograph278. autograph v. to permit; to approve; to empower automobile authorize Forms: autographed; autographed; autographing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 279. n. car; vehicle; ride Forms: plural: autographs avail280. automobile n. a person's handwritten signature avail autograph Forms: plural: automobiles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 281. availability282. n. advantage; profit; help; benefit Forms: availed; availed; availing availability avail v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate float avail Forms: plural: avails –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– availability availability float n. accessibility; attainability; obtainability n. the time or amount of money that defined by checks that have been deposited but not cleared yet 283. available284. average Forms: no plural Forms: plural: availability floats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 285. average286. average adj. ready for use; attainable; present; vail average available adj. immediate; common; usual; standard –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 17 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 287. v. to have a mean of a certain amount Forms: plural: averages avoid288. average n. mean; median award average Forms: averaged; averaged; averaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– avoid award v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from n. prize; grant; arbitration happening; to evade 289. award290. aware Forms: avoided; avoided; avoiding Forms: plural: awards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– award aware v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule adj. attentive; conscious of 291. awareness292. awesome Forms: awarded; awarded; awarding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– awareness awesome n. consciousness adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 18 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 1. back2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words back B 3. v. to support; to assist; to strengthen Forms: plural: backs back4. back n. part of a chair; rear part of the human body back back Forms: backed; backed; backing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. back door6. back back adj. behind; after; rear; hind order back adv. to the rear; to the past –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– back door back order n. the U.S. treasury n. ordered merchandise that is not currently in stock but will be supplied in the future Forms: plural: back orders 7. back up8. background Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9. n. setting; biography Forms: backed up; backed up; backing up backlash10. background v. to support; to solidify; to strengthen backup back up Forms: plural: backgrounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– backlash backup n. rebound; recoiling; sudden movement to the rear n. copying of data for safety purposes; substitute; reserve; spare 11. badge12. baggage Forms: plural: backlashes Forms: plural: backups –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13. n. luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment Forms: plural: badges balance14. baggage n. tag; sign; identification tag balance badge Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15. n. leveling; harmony; stability; rest; remainder Forms: balanced; balanced; balancing bank16. balance v. to make equal bank balance Forms: plural: balances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bank bank v. to deposit money; in a money institution; to count on; to n. institution for saving and borrowing money; cashier depend upon 17. bank draft18. banknote Forms: banked; banked; banking Forms: plural: banks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 19. n. bill; money made of paper Forms: plural: bank drafts bankrupt20. banknote n. check bankrupt bank draft Forms: plural: banknotes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 19 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words bankrupt bankrupt adj. lacking; deficient; insolvent; unable to pay debts n. a person who was unable to repay their debts 21. bankrupt22. bankruptcy Forms: plural: bankrupts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bankrupt bankruptcy v. to ruin financially; to go bust; to go broke; to collapse n. state of losing property to one's creditor's due to unpaid debts; insolvency Forms: plural: bankruptcies 23. banquet24. banquet Forms: bankrupted; bankrupted; bankrupting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. barbed v. to hold a party; to feast; to dine; to drink Forms: plural: banquets wire26. banquet n. celebration; feast; dinner; drinking barely banquet Forms: banqueted; banqueted; banqueting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barbed wire barely n. metal cord with sharp projecting points adv. hardly; scarcely 27. bargain28. bargain Forms: plural: barbed wires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bargain bargain n. good deal; agreement; item that has been bought at a v. to negotiate; to arrive at an agreement specially low price 29. barometer30. barren capital Forms: plural: bargains Forms: bargained; bargained; bargaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barometer barren capital n. commercial and market information that indicates n. money which is not generating profit overall economic trends 31. barrier32. barter Forms: plural: barometers Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33. n. exchanging of goods and services; trade Forms: plural: barriers barter34. barter n. border; limit; obstacle; barricade base barrier Forms: plural: barters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35. v. to establish; to found; to set up; to place on Forms: bartered; bartered; bartering base36. base v. to exchange goods and services base barter Forms: based; based; basing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 20 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words base base adj. low; despicable; ignoble n. foundation; principal element; fundamental part 37. basis38. bearer Forms: plural: bases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. bearer n. person who holds a money order Forms: no plural instrument40. bearer n. foundation; grounding become basis Forms: plural: bearers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bearer instrument become n. a signed money order which is payable on demand to v. to turn into; to develop into; to grow into the holder Forms: became; become; becoming 41. becoming42. behalf Forms: plural: bearer instruments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– becoming behalf adj. appropriate; noble n. representing; in support of 43. behavio(u)r44. behind Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. n. rear; end; seat Forms: plural: behavio(u)rs behind46. behind n. manner of acting; conduct behind behavio(u)r Forms: plural: behinds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47. beige book48. behind adv. late; tardy belief behind prep. after; in back of –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beige book belief n. report on current economic conditions, published by n. opinion; creed; religion; faith; conviction the Federal Reserve Board 49. believe50. below Forms: plural: beige books Forms: plural: beliefs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– believe below v. to have faith in; to assume; to suppose prep. under; beneath; underneath 51. below52. benchmark Forms: believed; believed; believing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– below benchmark adv. at a further point n. criterion; measure; point of reference for comparison 53. beneath54. beneath Forms: plural: benchmarks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 21 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 55. beneficent56. beneath prep. under; underneath beneficial beneath adv. under; below –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57. benefit58. beneficial adj. kind; good benefit beneficent adj. advantageous; pleasurable; enjoyable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59. n. advantage; profit; aid; stipend Forms: benefited; benefited; benefiting between60. benefit v. to profit; to gain; to be advantageous between benefit Forms: plural: benefits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. beverage62. between prep. intermediate to; common; shared beyond between adv. amid; in the middle –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beverage beyond n. drink; refreshment prep. further; more distant 63. beyond64. bias Forms: plural: beverages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beyond bias adv. past; further than v. to prejudice; to influence opinions 65. bias66. bill Forms: biased; biased; biasing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. bill68. v. to charge; to announce; to advertise Forms: plural: biases birth bill n. prejudice; tendency; leaning rate bias Forms: billed; billed; billing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69. n. number of babies that are born per year per thousand Forms: plural: bills blame70. birth rate n. banknote; invoice; proposed law blame bill Forms: plural: birth rates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. n. guilt; responsibility; liability Forms: blamed; blamed; blaming blanket72. blame v. to accuse; to denounce blanket blame Forms: plural: blames –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– blanket blanket v. to cover; to coat adj. comprehensive; inclusive 73. blanket74. blue sky laws Forms: blanketed; blanketed; blanketing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 22 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words blanket blue sky laws n. bed covering; quilt n. rules introduced by the government to regulate the trade of securities and mutual funds Forms: only plural 75. blunder76. blunder Forms: plural: blankets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– blunder blunder n. gross error; stupid mistake v. to make a stupid mistake; to move back and forth in a clumsy manner Forms: blundered; blundered; blundering 77. board78. board Forms: plural: blunders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– board board n. management committee; food v. to accommodate; to house; to enter (a plane, ship, bus, etc.) Forms: boarded; boarded; boarding 79. boiler room80. bond Forms: plural: boards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81. v. to store in a warehouse Forms: plural: boiler rooms bond82. bond n. a fraud scheme involving cold calling bonded boiler room Forms: bonded; bonded; bonding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bond bonded n. link; connection; obligation; grasp; certificate of debt adj. secured in a warehouse 83. bonus84. book Forms: plural: bonds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. v. to record; to order in advance; to inscribe; to indicate Forms: plural: bonuses book86. book n. dividend; perk; monetary gift bookcase bonus Forms: booked; booked; booking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 87. n. shelves used to store printed items Forms: plural: books boost88. bookcase n. printed work which is bound together; bundle boost book Forms: plural: bookcases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. n. push; lift; incentive; encouragement Forms: boosted; boosted; boosting border90. boost v. to raise; to push; to urge; to lift border boost Forms: plural: boosts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 91. n. boundary; edge; limit Forms: bordered; bordered; bordering borrow92. border v. to be adjacent to bother border Forms: plural: borders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– borrow bother v. to take on loan; to copy; to steal v. to annoy; to harass; to worry; to make an effort; to be concerned 93. bother94. bothersome Forms: borrowed; borrowed; borrowing Forms: bothered; bothered; bothering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bother bothersome n. effort; nuisance adj. annoying; irritating 95. bottom96. bottom Forms: plural: bothers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bottom bottom n. base; foot; seat of a chair v. to establish; to construct; to base; to provide a foundation 97. bottom98. bound Forms: plural: bottoms Forms: bottomed; bottomed; bottoming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bottom bound adj. lower; under n. limit; border 99. bound100. bound Forms: plural: bounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bound bound v. to jump; to leap adj. obligated; certain; fastened; tied 101. box102. box Forms: bounded; bounded; bounding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 103. n. case; crate; punch; hit Forms: boxed; boxed; boxing brake104. box v. to fight with fists; to put crates brake box Forms: plural: boxes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 105. n. device which is used to slow or stop a vehicle Forms: braked; braked; braking branch106. brake v. to stop a vehicle; to slow down a vehicle branch brake Forms: plural: brakes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 24 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 107. n. affiliate; office; industry; trade; business unit Forms: branched; branched; branching brand108. branch v. to fork; to divide into parts or sections brand branch Forms: plural: branches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109. n. trademark; type; make; variety; product name Forms: branded; branded; branding breadth110. brand v. to mark with an iron; to disgrace; to condemn break brand Forms: plural: brands –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 111. break112. v. to shatter; to crack; to be cut off; to cancel Forms: plural: breaths break break n. width; broadness down breadth Forms: broke; broken; breaking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113. v. to fail; to collapse; to defeat; to overthrow; to descend Forms: plural: breaks breakdown114. break down n. fracture; pause; rest; opportunity; alteration breakthrough break Forms: broke down; broken down; breaking down –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– breakdown breakthrough n. collapse; crash; incident n. progress; reaching a new level; removal of a barrier; penetration 115. brief116. brief Forms: plural: break downs Forms: plural: breakthroughs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brief brief n. abstract; summary; concise report; instructions v. to make a summary; to give a report; to inform; to instruct somebody 117. brief118. briefcase Forms: plural: briefs Forms: briefed; briefed; briefing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brief briefcase adj. short; concise n. small container for documents; tool for synchronizing files between two computers 119. briefing120. broadcast Forms: plural: briefcases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– briefing broadcast n. short meeting; summarizing; giving and receiving v. to transmit over the radio; to publicize; to advertise instructions; reporting 121. broadcast122. brochure Forms: plural: briefings Forms: broadcast; broadcast; broadcasting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 123. n. leaflet; booklet; printed product information Forms: plural: broadcasts broker124. brochure n. transmission; dispatch; radio program broker broadcast Forms: plural: brochures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shares etc. for other people Forms: brokered; brokered; brokering 125. n. middleman; agent who buys and sells property or other people brokered126. broker v. to act as a middleman; to buy and to sell property for browse broker Forms: plural: brokers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brokered browse adj. negotiated by an intermediary; settled through a v. to leaf through a book; to surf Internet websites middleman 127. browser128. bubble Forms: browsed; browsed; browsing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 129. n. blister; gas-filled sac Forms: plural: browsers budge130. bubble n. program used for viewing websites on the Internet budget browser Forms: plural: bubbles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 131. n. financial framework; financial plan Forms: budged; budged; budging budget132. budget v. to move; to be moved budget budge Forms: plural: budgets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– budget budget v. to prepare a financial plan; to make financial adj. inexpensive; cheap; of or relating to a financial plan arrangements 133. build134. building Forms: budgeted; budgeted; budgeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– build building v. to construct; to create; to increase intensity; to n. house; dwelling; structure; premises energize 135. bulk136. bulk Forms: built; built; building Forms: plural: buildings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 137. bulk138. v. to inflate; to play an important role Forms: plural: bulks bulk bulk n. volume; mass; main part; most transfer bulk Forms: bulked; bulked; bulking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 26 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words bulk bulk transfer adj. relating to or designed for the mass of people; large- n. the sale of all or most of a company's inventory or scale; widespread; popular assets to another company 139. bullion140. buoyant Forms: plural: bulk transfers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bullion buoyant n. bars of gold; bars of silver adj. floating; light; lively; cheerful 141. business142. butcher Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 143. n. meat cutter; meat slaughterer; owner of a meat shop Forms: plural: businesses button144. butcher n. company; enterprise; trade; commerce; issue button business Forms: plural: butchers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– n. switch; icon to click on Forms: buttoned; buttoned; buttoning 145. button v. to fasten; to connect buyer button Forms: plural: buttons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– buyer n. person who purchases something; client; customer; shopper; purchaser Forms: plural: buyers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 1. C.C.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words C.C.O. C C.C. C.C.O. abbr. secondary email address; copy of a document, abbr. person who is responsible for ensuring that a message, or email that is sent to a third party company and its employees are in compliance with government regulations and internal policies Forms: Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) 3. C.E.O.4. C.F.O. Forms: carbon copy (cc, CC) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aspects of a company Forms: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) 5. abbr. treasurer; person who is responsible for all financial organization C.I.O.6. C.F.O. abbr. head manager of a corporation, company or large C.O.D. C.E.O. Forms: Chief Financial Officer (CFO) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.I.O. C.O.D. abbr. Chief Information Officer; person who is responsible abbr. cash payment to be made upon receipt of products 7. C.O.O.8. or goods Forms: Chief Information Officer (CIO) C.S.O. for a company's internal information systems Forms: cash on delivery (COD, c.o.d.) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.O.O. C.S.O. abbr. head manager of a company or large organization abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for the security of a company's communications and business systems 9. C.T.O.10. C.V. Forms: Chief Operating Officer (COO) Forms: Chief Security Officer (CSO) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.T.O. C.V. abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for abbr. resume; chronological description of one's research and development and possibly for new product employment and educational history; biography plans 11. cab12. cabinet Forms: Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Forms: Curriculum Vitae (CV) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cab cabinet n. taxi; carriage; driver's compartment n. small room; piece of office furniture; office; part of a government 13. calculate14. calculator Forms: plural: cabs Forms: plural: cabinets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15. n. small machine that makes computations Forms: calculated; calculated; calculating calendar16. calculator v. to estimate; to compute; to depend upon calendar calculate Forms: plural: calculators –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 28 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words calendar calendar v. to write down in a timetable; to register n. chart showing the months of a year (including days and weeks); schedule; timetable Forms: plural: calendars 17. call18. call Forms: calendared; calendared; calendaring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 19. n. telephone conversation; visit; invitation; claim; need Forms: called; called; calling campaign20. call v. to invite; to speak loudly; to visit; to phone campaign call Forms: plural: calls –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– campaign campaign v. to conduct a series of activities organized to n. series of activities organized to accomplish a goal accomplish a goal Forms: plural: campaigns 21. cancel22. cancellation Forms: campaigned; campaigned; campaigning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. n. nullification; termination; revocation Forms: canceled; canceled; canceling candid24. cancellation v. to call off; to annul; to terminate; to stop candidate cancel Forms: plural: cancellations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– candid candidate adj. honest; straightforward; open; frank n. applicant; nominee; examinee 25. canvass26. canvass Forms: plural: candidates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– canvass canvass v. to examine; to debate; to scrutinize; to solicit votes or n. examination; careful inspection; debate opinions 27. capability28. capable Forms: canvassed, canvassed; canvassing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capability capable n. ability; skill; trait; characteristic; quality adj. skilled; able; proficient; adept 29. capacity30. capex Forms: plural: capabilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capacity capex n. volume which can be contained or received; function; n. refers to the cost of developing a product or system role; feature; potential 31. capital32. capital Forms: plural: capacities Forms: CAPital EXpenditures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words capital capital n. property; financial means; assets; main city of a adj. main; major; chief; principal country of region 33. capital requirement34. capitalization Forms: plural: capitals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capital requirement capitalization n. the level of monetary funding a company needs to run n. process of turning money into profit smoothly Forms: plural: capitalizations 35. capitalize36. capture Forms: plural: capital requirements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 37. v. to copy; to photograph; to snapshot Forms: capitalized; capitalized; capitalizing car38. capture v. to turn into money; to turn profit; to finance card capitalize Forms: captured; captured; capturing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. v. to ask for an identification (i.e. in a bar) Forms: plural: cars card40. card n. automobile; elevator; vehicle; ride care car Forms: carded; carded; carding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– card care n. thin and flat object v. to be concerned with; to look out for; to watch over; to like; to be fond of 41. care42. career Forms: plural: cards Forms: cared; cared; caring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– care career n. attention; concern; caution; supervision; management v. to evolve; to make to progress; to grow professionally; to develop; to speed 43. career44. careful Forms: no plural Forms: careered; careered; careering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– career careful n. profession; development; progress; gradual growth adj. cautious; particular; concentrated; meticulous 45. cargo46. carpenter Forms: plural: careers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cargo carpenter n. freight; luggage; baggage; load n. a person who makes things out of wood such as furniture 47. carpet48. carpet Forms: plural: cargos Forms: plural: carpenters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 30 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words carpet carpet v. to cover or to furnish with textile materials; to n. rug; fabric floor covering reprimand; to scold Forms: plural: carpets 49. carriage50. carrier Forms: carpeted; carpeted; carpeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– carriage carrier n. coach; buggy; transportation n. person or company that ships things; shipping company; truck Forms: plural: carriers 51. carry52. carry out Forms: plural: carriages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– carry carry out v. to transport; to continue; to bear v. to put into practice; to accomplish; to perform; to conduct Forms: carried out; carried out; carrying out 53. cart54. cart Forms: carried; carried; carrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. n. car; wagon; coach; carriage; trolley Forms: carted; carted; carting case56. cart v. to drag or to carry by force case cart Forms: plural: carts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57. n. occasion; instance; situation; bag Forms: cased; cased; casing cash58. case v. to pack; to crate; to box cash case Forms: plural: cases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cash cash v. to exchange a check (or another money order) for n. money in the form of coins and bank notes coins and bank notes; to redeem 59. cash reserves60. cast Forms: cashed; cashed; cashing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cash reserves cast n. bank deposits that are available on a short-term basis; n. throw; team of actors; squint (of the eye) treasury bills 61. cast62. catalog Forms: only plural Forms: plural: casts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 63. n. itemized list; index; directory Forms: cast; cast; casting catalog64. catalog v. to throw; to project; to form; to shape categorize cast Forms: plural: catalogs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 31 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 65. v. to arrange in groups; to classify; to sort; to structure Forms: cataloged; cataloged; cataloging category66. categorize v. to make an itemized list; to index; to classify cater catalog Forms: categorized; categorized; categorizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. v. to provide; to supply (food, etc.); to care for Forms: plural: categories catering68. cater n. class; division; section; segment cause category Forms: catered; catered; catering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– catering cause n. business of supplying and servicing food n. reason; purpose; principle; factor; basis for a legal case Forms: plural: causes 69. cause70. caution Forms: plural: caterings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. n. notice; warning; caveat; carefulness; premonition Forms: caused; caused; causing caution72. caution v. to make happen; to bring about cautious cause Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– caution cautious v. to warn; to notify of danger adj. careful; wary; suspicious 73. caveat74. cement Forms: cautioned; cautioned; cautioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– connection Forms: plural: caveats 75. v. to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a proceedings (law) cement76. cement n. caution; warning; admonition; suspension of central caveat Forms: cemented; cemented; cementing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cement central n. concrete; mortar; bonding agent; filling (for teeth) adj. main; principal; major 77. central78. century Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. n. period of one hundred years Forms: plural: centrals ceremony80. century n. telephone exchange; operator; main bureau or office certain central Forms: plural: centuries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 32 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ceremony certain n. rite; ritual; formality adj. sure; definite; particular; specific 81. certainly82. certificate Forms: plural: ceremonies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– certainly certificate adv. of course; surely; doubtlessly; definitely; absolutely n. official document; license; reference; attestation 83. certificate84. certify Forms: plural: certificates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. v. to confirm to be true; to authorize Forms: certificated; certificated; certificating chain86. certify v. to confirm; to license; to authorize chain certificate Forms: certified; certified; certifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chain chain n. group of stores, outlets, banks etc., under one v. to tie down management 87. challenge88. challenge Forms: plural: chains Forms: chained; chained; chaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– challenge challenge n. difficult situation; something which tests one's ability to v. to dare; to invite to engage in a contest; to stimulate; to 89. change90. test one's ability Forms: plural: challenges change handle difficult tasks Forms: challenged; challenged; challenging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– change change n. replacement; alteration; shift; coins; money received v. to alter; to replace; to become different back after paying for goods 91. changeable92. chapter Forms: plural: changes Forms: changed; changed; changing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– changeable chapter adj. arbitrary; fickle; flexible n. part of a book; phase; stage; local branch of an organization 93. character94. characteristic Forms: plural: chapters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– character characteristic n. nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement n. trait; feature; ability; distinguishing quality; attribute of qualities 95. characteristic96. characterize Forms: plural: characters Forms: plural: characteristics –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words characteristic characterize adj. typical; distinctive v. to describe; to depict; to portray; to outline 97. charge98. charge Forms: characterized; characterized; characterizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 99. v. to entrust; to order; to command; to supply with power Forms: plural: charges chart100. charge n. price; cargo; responsibility chart charge Forms: charged; charged; charging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 101. v. to make a graph; to draw; to diagram Forms: plural: charts cheap102. chart n. graph; diagram cheap chart Forms: charted; charted; charting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 103. check104. cheap adj. opposite of expensive; inexpensive check cheap adv. inexpensively –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– check check n. examination; money order; payment order; restaurant v. to examine; to investigate; to inspect; to scrutinize bill 105. chef106. cheque Forms: plural: checks Forms: checked; checked; checking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chef cheque n. professional cook; head cook in a restaurant of hotel n. written order directing a bank to pay a specific amount of money 107. choice108. choice Forms: plural: chefs Forms: plural: cheques –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– choice choice n. option; selection; variety adj. select; fine; excellent 109. choose110. chop Forms: plural: choices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 111. n. seal; trademark Forms: chose; chose; chosen chop112. chop v. to select; to prefer; to pick; to make a choice chore choose Forms: plural: chops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113. n. routine job; unpleasant task Forms: chopped; chopped; chopping circle114. chore v. to cut; to cut down; to cut into pieces; to mince circle chop Forms: plural: chores –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 34 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words circle circle v. to surround n. ring-shaped geometric figure; round figure; group; society Forms: plural: circles 115. circumspect116. circumstance Forms: circled; circled; circling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– circumspect circumstance adj. careful; cautious v. to place in particular situations 117. circumstance118. circumvent Forms: circumstanced; circumstanced; circumstancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 119. v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade Forms: plural: circumstances citation120. circumvent n. condition; influencing factor; situation citizen circumstance Forms: circumvented; circumvented; circumventing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 121. n. resident; native of a country Forms: plural: citations citizenship122. citizen n. quotation; official praise; summons to a court of law city citation Forms: plural: citizens –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– citizenship city n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member n. town; large urban area of a country 123. civic124. claim Forms: plural: citizenships Forms: plural: cities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– civic claim adj. pertaining to a city; pertaining to citizenship n. lawsuit; request; right 125. clarify126. classify Forms: plural: claims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clarify classify v. to make clear; to explain v. to arrange systematically; to structure; to group; to sort; to make confidential 127. clause128. clear Forms: clarified; clarified; clarifying Forms: classified; classified; classifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 129. v. to clarify; to explain; to approve Forms: plural: clauses clear130. clear n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract clear clause Forms: cleared; cleared; clearing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words clear clear adj. pure; obvious; easy to understand; comprehensible n. deletion; act of unmarking; removal of a mark from a check box (Computers) 131. clearance132. clearly Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clearance clearly n. release; approval; washing adv. obviously; apparently; unmistakably 133. clerk134. clerk Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clerk clerk v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank n. minor office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat business) Forms: plural: clerks 135. client136. climate Forms: clerked; clerked; clerking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– client climate n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions; atmosphere; setting 137. climb138. climb Forms: plural: clients Forms: plural: climates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– climb climb v. to ascend; to up; to slope upward; to move upward n. ascent gradually 139. clip140. clip Forms: climbed; climbed; climbing Forms: plural: climbs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 141. n. clamp; fastener; shred; segment of video Forms: clipped; clipped; clipping clipping142. clip v. to cut off; to curtail; to trim off clock clip Forms: plural: clips –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 143. v. to measure time; to register on a time piece Forms: plural: clippings clock144. clock n. article cut from a newspaper close clipping Forms: clocked; clocked; clocking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clock close n. timepiece; device for telling time adv. nearby 145. close146. close Forms: plural: clocks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 36 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 147. v. to shut; to be shut; to finish; to complete Forms: plural: closes close148. close n. end; conclusion; plug clout close Forms: closed; closed; closing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– close clout adj. near; adjacent; careful n. pull; influence; power; weight 149. coach150. coach Forms: plural: clouts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 151. n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus Forms: coached; coached; coaching coal152. coach v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to guide; to counsel coalition coach Forms: plural: coaches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 153. n. alliance; union; agreement Forms: plural: coals code154. coalition n. fuel made from carbon; cinder; ember code coal Forms: plural: coalitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 155. n. cipher; collection of instructions of the law Forms: coded; coded; coding cognition156. code v. to cipher coherent code Forms: plural: codes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cognition coherent n. awareness; perception adj. sticking together; consistent 157. cohesive158. coin Forms: plural: cognitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cohesive coin adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united; v. to mint; to invent a new word or phrase related to each other 159. coin160. coincidence Forms: coined; coined; coining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– coin coincidence n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event opposed to paper bills) 161. collaborate162. collaboration Forms: plural: coins Forms: plural: coincidences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 37 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 163. n. working together; cooperation Forms: collaborated; collaborated; collaborating collate164. collaboration v. to work together; to cooperate collateral collaborate Forms: plural: collaborations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collate collateral v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to collect; to adj. of secondary importance; insignificant; corresponding compile 165. collateral166. colleague Forms: collated; collated; collating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 167. n. fellow worker; cowoker Forms: plural: collaterals collect168. colleague n. security deposit collect collateral Forms: plural: colleagues –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collect collect adj. having the receiver pay the charges (for a phone call) v. to gather; to garner; to assemble; to accumulate; to take payments 169. collectible170. collectible Forms: collected; collected; collecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collectible collectible adj. payable; subject to or requiring payment especially n. rare object as specified 171. collection172. college Forms: plural: collectibles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collection college n. selection; choice; assortment; accumulation n. institution of higher education that grants degrees; type of school; council 173. collide174. colloquial Forms: plural: collections Forms: plural: colleges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collide colloquial v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid adj. conversational; not used in formal speaking or or direct impact writing; informal 175. combination176. combine Forms: collided; collided; colliding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 177. combine178. v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one Forms: plural: combinations come combine n. joining; union; an ordered sequence across combination Forms: combined; combined; combining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 38 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 179. come v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see Forms: plural: combines along180. come across n. harvesting machine comfort combine Forms: came across; come across; coming across –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– come along comfort v. to accompany someone; to appear; to advance; to v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console succeed Forms: comforted; comforted; comforting 181. comfort182. comfortable Forms: came along; come along; coming along –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comfort comfortable n. relief; consolation; coziness adj. easy; relaxing; cosy; financially well to do 183. comforting184. command Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comforting command adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring; brining relief; v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority heartening 185. command186. comment Forms: commanded; commanded; commanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– command comment n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note 187. comment188. commentary Forms: plural: commands Forms: commented; commented; commenting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comment commentary n. remark; note; statement; explanation n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay or book form) 189. commerce190. commercial Forms: plural: comments Forms: plural: commentaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commerce commercial n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and products/services and money selling 191. commercial192. commission Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 193. v. to contract; to empower; to authorize; to confer Forms: plural: commercials commission194. commission n. television or radio advertisement commit commercial Forms: commissioned; commissioned; commissioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 195. v. to perform; to do; to engage Forms: plural: commissions commitment196. commit n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson committed commission Forms: committed; committed; committing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commitment committed n. obligation; promise adj. obligated; engaged; industrious; ambitious; loyal 197. commodity198. common Forms: plural: commitments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commodity common n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold; adj. shared; ordinary; mediocre; average; public something useful 199. common200. communication Forms: plural: commodities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– common communication n. open public area in a city or town; park; square n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing along; letter; message 201. commute202. commuter Forms: plural: commons Forms: plural: communications –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– work Forms: commuted; commuted; commuting 203. n. person who travels back and forth between home and forth regularly (i.e. to work) company204. commuter v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and comparatively commute Forms: plural: commuters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– company comparatively n. corporation; firm; ensemble; association with another adv. relatively 205. compare206. compare Forms: plural: companies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compare compare v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to n. contrast consider to be similar 207. comparison208. compartmentalize Forms: compared; compared; comparing Forms: plural: compares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comparison compartmentalize n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity; v. to separate into sections; to partition likeness Forms: plural: comparisons Forms: compartmentalized; compartmentalized; 209. compatible210. compatible compartmentalizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 40 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words compatible compatible adj. congruous n. piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation 211. compel212. compensate Forms: plural: compatibles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213. v. to reward; to reimburse; to pay back; to make up for Forms: compelled; compelled; compelling compensation214. compensate v. to force; to coerce; to influence; to impose; to demand compete compel Forms: compensated; compensated; compensating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– a contest Forms: plural: compensations 215. v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in deficiency or fault) competent216. compete n. repayment; something done to make up for (a loss, competition compensation Forms: competed; competed; competing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– competent competition adj. adept; capable; suitably skilled; well qualified; n. rivalry; contest; act of competing against another experienced 217. competitive218. competitor Forms: plural: competitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– competitive competitor adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest n. rival; (i.e. Coca Cola and Pepsi); person who participates in a contest 219. complacent220. complain Forms: plural: competitors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complacent complain adj. content; self-satisfied; comfortable; smug v. to find fault; to express displeasure; to protest 221. complaint222. complete Forms: complained; complained; complaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complaint complete n. finding fault; act of expressing displeasure; pleading adj. whole; perfect; finished entered by a plaintiff (Law) 223. complete224. completion Forms: plural: complaints –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 225. n. finishing; finalizing Forms: completed; completed; completing complex226. completion v. to make whole; to finish; to perfect compliant complete Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words complex compliant n. compound; various objects that for m a unit adj. obedient; submissive; obliging; yielding; acquiescent 227. complicate228. complicated Forms: plural: complexes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complicate complicated v. to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make adj. confusing; hard to understand; difficult; complex difficult; to make complex 229. compliment230. comply Forms: complicated; complicated; complicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 231. v. to submit; to consent; to obey; to agree with Forms: plural: compliments component232. comply n. expression of admiration; word of praise for someone compose compliment Forms: complied; complied; complying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– component compose n. ingredient; single piece which forms part of a larger v. to create; to write; to relax; to calm oneself; to settle unit; part; constituent; element 233. composition234. composure Forms: plural: components Forms: composed; composed; composing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 235. n. serenity; self-control; calmness; coolness Forms: plural: compositions comprehend236. composure n. make-up; constitution; essay comprehensive composition Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comprehend comprehensive v. to understand; to contain; to grasp; to absorb; to adj. including a lot; large in scope; extensive perceive 237. comprise238. compromise Forms: comprehended; comprehended; comprehending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 239. v. to establish an agreement; to settle a dispute Forms: comprised; comprised; comprising compromise240. compromise v. to include; to contain; to consist compute comprise Forms: compromised; compromised; compromising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compromise compute n. agreement; settling of a disagreement by making v. to calculate; to figure; to estimate mutual concessions 241. conceal242. conceive Forms: plural: compromises Forms: computed; computed; computing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 42 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 243. v. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp Forms: concealed; concealed; concealing concentrate244. conceive v. to hide; to keep secret; to cover up concept conceal Forms: conceived; conceived; conceiving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 245. n. plan; idea; thought; structure; system Forms: concentrated; concentrated; concentrating conceptualize246. concept v. to focus; to pay attention concern concentrate Forms: plural: concepts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 247. v. to involve; to affect; to worry; to interest; to relate to Forms: conceptualized; conceptualized; conceptualizing concern248. concern v. to plan; to design; to imagine; to conceive; to envision concerning conceptualize Forms: concerned; concerned; concerning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concern concerning n. worry; issue; problem; group of companies; large prep. about corporation 249. conclude250. conclusion Forms: plural: concerns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 251. n. end; deduction; cognition; final decision Forms: concluded; concluded; concluding concoct252. conclusion v. to finish; to infer; to deduce; to make a decision concrete conclude Forms: plural: conclusions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concoct concrete v. to invent; to create; to contrive; to think up adj. tangible; real; substantial; solid 253. concrete254. concrete Forms: concocted; concocted; concocting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 255. v. to solidify Forms: no plural concur256. concrete n. cement; something tangible (idea, object, etc.) condition concrete Forms: concreted; concreted; concreting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concur condition v. to agree; to harmonize; to coincide; to collaborate; to n. situation; requirement; circumstance; stipulation consent 257. condition258. conduct Forms: concurred; concurred; concurring Forms: plural: conditions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 43 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 259. n. behavior; management Forms: conditioned; conditioned; conditioning conduct260. conduct v. to train; to accustom; to adapt; to stipulate; to prepare conference condition Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 261. n. meeting; seminar; convention Forms: conducted; conducted; conducting confidence262. conference v. to behave; to manage; to carry out; to transmit confident conduct Forms: plural: conferences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confidence confident n. trust; certainty; faith in oneself; secret adj. certain; sure of oneself; composed 263. confidential264. confirm Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confidential confirm adj. classified; secret; strictly private v. to approve; to verify; to ascertain 265. confirmation266. confuse Forms: confirmed; confirmed; confirming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confirmation confuse n. formal approval; proof; verification; religious ceremony v. to embarrass; to mix up; to muddle up; to bewilder; to startle 267. confusion268. congruent Forms: plural: confirmations Forms: confused; confused; confusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confusion congruent n. disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment adj. identical; corresponding; in agreement; harmonious 269. conjunction270. conjure Forms: plural: confusions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 271. v. to appeal; to summon; to invoke; to implore Forms: plural: conjunctions connote272. conjure n. connection; link; uniting; joining conscientious conjunction Forms: conjured; conjured; conjuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– connote conscientious v. to imply; to suggest; to hint adj. careful; wanting to do what is right 273. conscientiously274. conscious Forms: connoted; connoted; connoting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 275. consciously276. conscious adv. dutifully; with care; thoroughly consciousness conscientiously adj. aware; awake; attentive –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 44 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words consciously consciousness adv. knowingly; with awareness n. awareness; cognition; ability to perceive 277. consecutive278. consequently Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 279. conservative280. consequently adj. sequential; following one after another conservative consecutive adv. as a result; therefore –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conservative conservative adj. resisting change; desiring to preserve traditions; n. person who is resistant to change; person who favors cautious traditional political parties 281. conserve282. conserve Forms: plural: conservatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 283. n. marmalade; jam Forms: conserved; conserved; conserving consider284. conserve v. to protect; to guard from harm consideration conserve Forms: plural: conserves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consider consideration v. to think over; to believe; to regard; to take into account n. payment; thoughtfulness; respectfulness; careful attention 285. considering286. consignment Forms: considered; considered; considering Forms: plural: considerations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– considering consignment prep. taking into account; in light of n. delivery; dispatch; conveyance 287. consist288. consistency Forms: plural: consignments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consist consistency v. to be composed of; to be made up of n. material coherence; firmness; persistence; steadfastness 289. consistent290. consistently Forms: consisted; consisted; consisting Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 291. consortium292. consistently adj. coherent; steadfast; firm constant consistent adv. regularly; persistently; steadily; stably –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 293. n. number with a fixed value; factor Forms: plural: consortiums constant294. constant n. partnership; association constrain consortium Forms: plural: constants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words constant constrain adj. firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant v. to compel; to reinforce; to oblige; to coerce 295. constraint296. construction Forms: constrained; constrained; constraining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 297. n. building; structure; the industry of erecting buildings Forms: plural: constraints construe298. construction n. restriction; force; limitation; limit consultancy constraint Forms: plural: constructions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– construe consultancy v. to interpret; to see; to perceive n. the practice of giving expert advice within a particular field Forms: plural: consultancies 299. consultant300. consume Forms: construed; construed; construing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consultant consume n. advisor (adviser); counselor; coach; person who gives v. to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy professional advice 301. consumer302. consumption Forms: plural: consultants Forms: consumed; consumed; consuming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 303. n. using up Forms: plural: consumers contact304. consumption n. buyer; client contact consumer Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contact contact v. to establish communication; to make a connection; to n. link; connection; touch; interface link to; to connect with 305. contain306. contemporary Forms: contacted; contacted; contacting Forms: plural: contacts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contain contemporary v. to include; to hold back; to restrain; to keep under adj. modern; current control 307. contemporary308. content Forms: contained; contained; containing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contemporary content n. person living at about the same time as another person adj. satisfied; pleased 309. content310. content Forms: plural: contemporaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 46 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 311. v. to satisfy; to please; to meet a request Forms: plural: contents contest312. content n. substance; component; all that is inside of something contest content Forms: contented; contented; contenting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 313. n. competition Forms: contested; contested; contesting context314. contest v. to fight for; to challenge; to appeal continue contest Forms: plural: contests –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– context continue n. connection; overall situation; background v. to go on; to keep doing something; to last; to perpetuate Forms: continued; continued; continuing 315. continuity316. continuous Forms: plural: contexts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– continuity continuous n. stability; consistency; continuousness; unbroken adj. successive; uninterrupted; permanent succession 317. contract318. contract Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 319. n. agreement; pact; deal Forms: contracted; contracted; contracting contractor320. contract v. to create a formal agreement; to bind legally; to obtain contrary contract Forms: plural: contracts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contractor contrary n. person or company that does a particular job or adv. in opposition; against; counter assignment 321. contrary322. contrary Forms: plural: contractors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contrary contrary n. something which is opposite adj. opposed 323. contrive324. control Forms: plural: contraries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contrive control v. to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a n. rule; command; supervision; restraint negative way) 325. controlling326. convenience Forms: contrived; contrived; contriving Forms: plural: controls –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words controlling convenience adj. ruling; supervising; regulating; managing; restraining n. comfort; fitness or suitability for performing an action 327. convenient328. convention Forms: plural: conveniences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– convenient convention adj. comfortable; useful; serviceable n. conference; routine; custom; treaty 329. conventional330. converge Forms: plural: conventions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conventional converge adj. customary; routine; formal v. to meet; to assemble to gather; to get together 331. conversant332. conversation Forms: converged; converged; converging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conversant conversation adj. well-versed; proficient; skilled n. talk; dialog; discussion; verbal exchange 333. convey334. conveyance Forms: plural: conversations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– to another Forms: conveyed; conveyed; conveying 335. n. the act of transferring a property title from one person suggestion, gesture or appearance conviction336. conveyance v. to carry; to impart or to communicate by statement, convince convey Forms: plural: conveyances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conviction convince n. acknowledgment; strong persuasion or belief; v. to persuade; to influence; to prove condemnation 337. cook338. cook Forms: plural: convictions Forms: convinced; convinced; convincing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 339. n. a person who prepares food Forms: cooked; cooked; cooking cooperation340. cook v. to prepare food by heating; to falsify account records coordinate cook Forms: plural: cooks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cooperation coordinate n. collaboration; working together adj. equal; equivalent; of equal rank or authority 341. coordinate342. coordinate Forms: plural: cooperations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 48 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 343. v. to arrange in proper order Forms: plural: coordinates cope344. coordinate n. reference point; geographical location copy coordinate Forms: coordinated; coordinated; coordinating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 345. v. to duplicate; to imitate Forms: coped; coped; coping copy346. copy v. to manage in spite of difficulty; to struggle successfully cordially cope Forms: copied; copied; copying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– copy cordially n. duplicate; photostat adv. in a friendly manner; warmly 347. corner348. corner Forms: plural: copies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corner corner v. to hold at bay; to gain advantage on the market; to n. place where two surfaces meet; angle approach; to catch; to trap 349. corp.350. corporate Forms: cornered; cornered; cornering Forms: plural: corners –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corp. corporate abbr. large company; firm; business adj. common; shared; collective 351. correct352. correct Forms: corporation –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– correct correct adj. right; proper; exact; accurate v. to make right; to amend 353. correlation354. corrupt Forms: corrected; corrected; correcting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– correlation corrupt n. mutual connection (between two or more things); adj. spoiled; immoral; dishonest; perverted similarity; parallel 355. corrupt356. corruption Forms: plural: correlations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corrupt corruption v. to cause to be dishonest; to pervert; to spoil n. dishonesty; immorality; irregularity; unlawfulness; illegality 357. cost358. cost Forms: corrupted; corrupted; corruption Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 359. n. price; expense Forms: cost; cost; costing council360. cost v. to have a price; to require payment; to set a price counsel cost Forms: plural: costs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– council counsel n. assembly; board; group of people (gathered to advise, v. to advise; to instruct; to coach; to advocate plan, etc.) Forms: counseled; counseled; counseling 361. counsel362. counter Forms: plural: councils –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counsel counter n. advice; person who gives advice; attorney; lawyer pref. against; opposed 363. counter364. counter Forms: plural: counsels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 365. v. to oppose; to retaliate; to react; to strike back Forms: plural: counters counter366. counter n. bar; counting device counterbalance counter Forms: countered; countered; countering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counter counterbalance adv. against; in contrast to v. to act against; to oppose (with an equal weight, force etc.) Forms: counterbalanced; counterbalanced; 367. counterbalance368. couple counterbalancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 369. v. to connect; to join; to link Forms: plural: counterbalances couple370. couple n. equal weight or power acting in opposition coupon counterbalance Forms: coupled; coupled; coupling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– couple coupon n. pair; group of two n. printed form that entitles the holder to certain rights such as in a discount 371. courier372. course Forms: plural: couples Forms: plural: coupons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– courier course n. messenger; company that delivers messages, v. to hunt; to pursue; to run over; to race documents, parcels, etc. 373. course374. court Forms: plural: couriers Forms: coursed; coursed; coursing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 50 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words affections of someone Forms: plural: courses 375. v. to seek to please; to flatter; to seek to gain the of a meal court376. court n. direction; series of lessons or training units; layer; part courteously course Forms: courted; courted; courting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– court courteously n. yard; formal reception; place where legal trials take adv. politely; respectfully; graciously place 377. courtesy378. cover Forms: plural: courts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 379. v. to encase; to review; to protect; to include; to insure Forms: plural: courtesies cover380. cover n. politeness; good manners; cordiality; civility coverage courtesy Forms: covered; covered; covering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 381. n. survey; review; news reporting; insurance Forms: plural: covers craft382. coverage n. insurance; shelter; casing; front; lid craft cover Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 383. n. trade; skill; occupation; boat; plane Forms: crafted; crafted; crafting crafted384. craft v. to shape with skill crate craft Forms: plural: crafts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crafted crate adj. produced; made; manufactured v. to pack in a box 385. crate386. create Forms: crated; crated; crating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 387. v. to produce; to design; to make; to manufacture Forms: plural: crates creative388. create n. wooden box; old car; old plane creativity crate Forms: created; created; creating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– creative creativity adj. inventive; innovative; artistic n. innovativeness; inventiveness 389. credible390. credit Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 51 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words credible credit adj. reliable; trustworthy; dependable v. to believe; to have faith in; to supply goods by deferred payment 391. credit392. credit risk Forms: credited; credited; credited –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– credit credit risk n. money (in a bank account); trust; confidence; respect n. the prospect that a bond issuer will fail to make required debt payments Forms: plural: credit risks 393. creditor394. crew Forms: plural: credits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– creditor crew n. person or organization that lends something; lender; n. group of people working together; team loaner; moneylender 395. criterion396. critical Forms: plural: creditors Forms: plural: crews –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– criterion critical n. standard against which something is measured; factor; adj. judgmental; important; crucial; vital discipline 397. criticize398. crop Forms: plural: criteria –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– criticize crop v. to disapprove; to censure; to find fault n. harvest; produce (Agriculture); group; whip; short haircut 399. crop400. crowd Forms: criticized; criticizing Forms: plural: crops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 401. n. public; large group of people; gathering Forms: cropped; cropped; cropping crowd402. crowd v. to harvest; to cut short; to clip crowded crop Forms: plural: crowds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crowd crowded v. to gather together; to group together; to press in adj. full; packed; crammed together 403. crucial404. cruise Forms: crowded; crowded; crowding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crucial cruise adj. very important; critical; decisive; vital n. traveling on a ship; sea voyage; sailing 405. cruise406. crux Forms: plural: cruises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 52 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words cruise crux v. to sail; to move at a moderate speed; to travel; to n. heart of the matter; main point coast; to drive along slowly Forms: plural: cruces or cruxes 407. cuisine408. cure Forms: cruised; cruised; cruising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cuisine cure n. style of cooking; national food n. method or course that restores health; prescribed treatment for an illness Forms: plural: cures 409. cure410. curious Forms: plural: cuisines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cure curious v. to restore to health; to make well; to correct a bad adj. inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd; habit; to preserve food strange; rare 411. currency412. current Forms: cured; cured; curing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– direction Forms: plural: currencies 413. n. flow (of water, electricity, etc.); process; tendency; prevalence current414. current n. national money of a country; circulation; custom; curt currency Forms: plural: currents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– current curt adj. recent; common; prevalent; present; popular adj. brief; blunt; rude 415. curtly416. cushion Forms: curter; curtest –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– curtly cushion adv. briefly; bluntly; rudely n. pillow; soft padded object 417. cushion418. custom Forms: plural: cushions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 419. n. habit; tradition; convention Forms: cushioned; cushioned; cushioning customer420. custom v. to reduce; to protect; to soften; to upholster customize cushion Forms: plural: customs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– customer customize n. client; buyer; person who buys a product or service v. to make or to fit according to individual needs or desires; to personalize; to individualize 421. customs422. cutback Forms: plural: customers Forms: customized; customized; customizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 53 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words customs cutback n. government department responsible for collecting n. reduction; curtailing; decrease taxes on imports 423. cycle424. cycle Forms: only plural Forms: plural: cutbacks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cycle cycle v. to ride a bike n. series (of stories, articles, reports etc.); recurring period of time Forms: cycled; cycled; cycling Forms: plural: cycles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 54 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 1. daily2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words daily D daily daily n. newspaper that is published 5 to 7 times a week adj. occurring on a regular basis 3. damage4. damage Forms: plural: dailies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. v. to cause harm; to cause injury; to destroy partly Forms: plural: damages danger6. damage n. injury; harm dash damage Forms: damaged; damaged; damaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. n. hyphen; drop; pinch; rush; sprint Forms: plural: dangers dash8. dash n. risk; peril; hazard date danger Forms: plural: dashes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interview; meeting Forms: dashed; dashed; dashing 9. n. day, month and year according to the calendar; to cast deadline10. date v. to move with sudden speed; to bolt; to shatter; to hurl; deal dash Forms: plural: dates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deadline deal n. time when a project; assignment; task or job must be n. agreement; business transaction; exchange; amount completed or turned in 11. deal12. dealer Forms: plural: deadlines Forms: plural: deals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deal dealer v. to provide; to offer; to distribute; to supply; to sell; to n. supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative trade 13. dealing14. debate Forms: dealt; dealt; dealing Forms: plural: dealers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dealing debate n. manner of doing business; behavior; distribution; giving n. argument; dispute; discussion; conversation out 15. debate16. debris Forms: plural: dealings Forms: plural: debates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 17. n. rubble; ruins; wreckage; fragments Forms: debated; debated; debating debt18. debris v. to argue; to discuss; to consider; to ponder debut debate Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 19. n. opening of a show; first public appearance Forms: plural: debts debut20. debut n. obligation; something owed (i.e. money) decade debt Forms: plural: debuts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– debut decade v. to perform for the first time; to make one's premiere n. ten years; group of tens performance Forms: plural: decades 21. decide22. decision Forms: debuted; debuted; debuting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– decide decision v. to choose; to select from several options; to conclude; n. determination; resolution; ruling (especially in court) to resolve Forms: plural: decisions 23. declaration24. declare Forms: decided; decided; deciding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– declaration declare n. statement; proclamation; announcement v. to proclaim; to make a statement; to make a full statement of (one's taxable or dutiable property) 25. decline26. decline Forms: plural: declarations Forms: declared; declared; declaring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. v. to refuse; to go down; to decrease; to fall Forms: plural: declines decrease28. decline n. downward; descent; slope; ebb decrease decline Forms: declined; declined; declining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. v. to reduce; to lessen; to decline Forms: plural: decreases dedicate30. decrease n. decline; reduction; lessening dedication decrease Forms: decreased; decreased; decreasing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dedicate dedication v. to devote to; to set apart for; to inscribe (a book, poem, n. setting apart; devotion; inscription (in a book, poem, 31. deed of surrender32. etc.) Forms: dedicated; dedicated; dedicating default song, story, etc.) to someone Forms: plural: dedications –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appear in court Forms: plural: deeds of surrender 33. v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to from one individual to another default34. default n. a legal document that temporarily transfers a property defect deed of surrender Forms: defaulted; defaulted; defaulting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 56 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words default defect n. failure to perform a duty; option on a computer which is v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides automatically selected Forms: defected; defected; defecting 35. defect36. defend Forms: plural: defaults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 37. v. to protect; to secure; to vindicate Forms: plural: defects defense38. defend n. deficiency; flaw define defect Forms: defended; defended; defending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries Forms: plural: defenses definition40. define n. protection; security; rampart; shield degree defense Forms: defined; defined; defining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– definition degree n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or n. rank; extent; university certificate term) 41. delay42. delay Forms: plural: definitions Forms: plural: degrees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delay delay v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering loiter 43. delegate44. delegate Forms: delayed; delayed; delaying Forms: plural: delays –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conference, convention, seminar etc. Forms: delegated; delegated; delegating 45. n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a duty or responsibility on to someone else delete46. delegate v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a deliberately delegate Forms: plural: delegates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delete deliberately v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate adv. intentionally; purposefully; methodically 47. delicious48. deliver Forms: deleted; deleted; deleting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delicious deliver adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express 49. delivery50. demand Forms: delivered; delivered; delivering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 51. v. to claim; to require; to request strongly Forms: plural: deliveries demand52. demand n. distribution; liberation; transference demeanor delivery Forms: demanded; demanded; demanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 53. n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance Forms: plural: demands demographics54. demeanor n. claim; requirement; strong request demolish demand Forms: plural: demeanors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove Forms: only plural demonstrate56. demolish n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population demonstration demographics Forms: demolished; demolished, demolishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– demonstrate demonstration v. to present; to show or illustrate something through n. exhibition; explanation; showing example, or physical demonstrations 57. denial58. denominator Forms: demonstrated; demonstrated; demonstrating Forms: plural: demonstrations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– denial denominator n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to n. shared characteristic; common feature recognize 59. dense60. density Forms: plural: denials Forms: plural: denominators –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dense density adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close n. compactness; closeness 61. deny62. depart Forms: plural: densities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deny depart v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to die 63. department64. departmental Forms: denied; denied; denying Forms: departed; departed; departing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– department departmental n. division of a company; section; area adj. arranged in divisions; divisional; concerning an office 65. departure66. depend Forms: plural: departments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 58 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 67. v. to rely on; to trust; to be supported by Forms: plural: departures dependent68. depend n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival dependent departure Forms: depended; depended; depending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dependent dependent adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another n. one who relies on another especially for financial person); conditional; contingent support 69. depict70. deploy Forms: plural: dependents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– availability Forms: depicted; depicted; depicting 71. v. to speak out; to move into a position of readiness and elucidate deposit72. deploy v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to deposit depict Forms: deployed; deployed; deploying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– safekeeping; partial payment; pledge Forms: deposited; deposited; depositing 73. n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for pay in part; to set down deregulation74. deposit v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to describe deposit Forms: plural: deposits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deregulation describe n. transferal of ownership from government to private v. to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate hands; privatization 75. description76. deserve Forms: plural: deregulations Forms: described; described; describing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 77. v. to be worthy of; to have a right to Forms: plural: descriptions design78. deserve n. explanation; illustration; instruction design description Forms: deserved; deserved; deserving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure Forms: designed; designed; designing desk80. design v. to create; to conceive; to produce; to conceptualize despite design Forms: plural: designs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– desk despite n. office table prep. notwithstanding 81. destination82. destroy Forms: plural: desks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words destination destroy n. place where one is going; the purpose for which v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase something is destined Forms: destroyed; destroyed; destroying 83. destruction84. detail Forms: plural: destinations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign Forms: plural: destructions detail86. detail n. ruin; desolation; annihilation detailed destruction Forms: detailed; detailed; detailing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– detail detailed n. item; piece of information; part of a whole adj. itemized; marked by thoroughness in treating small items or parts 87. detect88. determine Forms: plural: details –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. v. to decide; to define; to conclude; to cause; to affect Forms: detected; detected; detecting develop90. determine v. to discover; to discern; to find out developer detect Forms: determined; determined; determining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– develop developer v. to build; to create; to design; to grow n. person who creates something; chemical substance used in photography 91. development92. device Forms: developed; developed; developing Forms: plural: developers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– development device n. evolvement; gradual growth; evolution; maturation; n. apparatus; appliance; gadget; trick; scheme progression 93. devise94. dial Forms: plural: developments Forms: plural: devices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– devise dial v. to plan; to invent; to design v. to press buttons; to place a phone call by pressing buttons 95. dial96. diary Forms: devised; devised; devising Forms: dialed; dialed; dialing; dialed; dialed; dialing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dial diary n. rotatable disk on a telephone n. written account of daily events and occurrences; journal; daily calendar; log book; blog 97. dictate98. dictate Forms: plural: dials Forms: plural: diaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 60 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words dictate dictate v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to n. ruling principle; command; decree command; to order; to impose Forms: plural: dictates 99. diet100. diet Forms: dictated; dictated; dictating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loss plan Forms: dieted; dieted; dieting 101. n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight kinds of food dietician102. diet v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain difference diet Forms: plural: diets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 103. n. distinction; unusual quality; disagreement; remainder Forms: plural: dieticians different104. difference n. nutritionist; expert on nutrition difficult dietician Forms: plural: differences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 105. difficulty106. difficult adj. not the same; unusual; distinctive digital different adj. hard; troublesome; complicated; complex –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– difficulty digital n. problem; challenge; hardship; trouble adj. using numbers; with numbers 107. dignity108. diligent Forms: plural: difficulties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dignity diligent n. respected position; honor; nobility adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working 109. direct110. direct Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 111. direct112. direct adj. straight; forthright; clear direction direct adv. clearly; in a straightforward manner –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113. n. guidance; supervision; conducting; management Forms: directed; directed; directing directly114. direction v. to guide; to lead; to instruct; to manage; to supervise directly direct Forms: plural: directions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 115. director116. directly conj. immediately following; the moment that; as soon as directory directly adv. clearly; straight; frankly; immediately; soon –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 117. n. guidebook; library; catalog Forms: plural: directors disagree118. directory n. boss; supervisor; manager; head disappear director Forms: plural: directories –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disagree disappear v. to have different opinions; to differ v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish Forms: disappeared; disappeared; disappearing 119. discard120. discard Forms: disagreed; disagreed; disagreeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 121. n. garbage; refuse; scrap Forms: discarded; discarded; discarding discern122. discard v. to throw away; to get rid of discipline discard Forms: plural: discards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discern discipline v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate n. training 123. disclaim124. disclaimer Forms: discerned; discerned; discerning Forms: plural: disciplines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– repudiation; denial Forms: disclaimed; disclaimed; disclaiming 125. n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation; disavow discount126. disclaimer v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to discount disclaim Forms: plural: disclaimers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 127. n. price reduction; rebate Forms: discounted; discounted; discounting discourage128. discount v. to reduce the price of; to mark down; to ignore discouraged discount Forms: plural: discounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discourage discouraged v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from disapproval of; to derail 129. discouragement130. discover Forms: discouraged; discouraged; discouraging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discouragement discover n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles v. to find out; to come across; to get information about something 131. discrete132. discretion Forms: plural: discouragements Forms: discovered; discovered; discovering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 62 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words discrete discretion adj. separate; individual; discontinuous n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment 133. discuss134. discussion Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135. n. debate; conversation; talk; dispute; argument Forms: discussed; discussed; discussing disease136. discussion v. to talk about; to debate; to converse disembark discuss Forms: plural: discussions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disease disembark n. sickness; illness v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to land Forms: disembarked; disembarked; disembarking 137. disk138. dislodge Forms: plural: diseases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 139. v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel Forms: plural: disks dismal140. dislodge n. flat circular object dismiss disk Forms: dislodged; dislodged; dislodging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dismal dismiss adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free 141. disparate142. dispatch Forms: dismissed; dismissed; dismissing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disparate dispatch adj. markedly different; contrasting n. sending off; shipment; message; communication; promptness 143. dispatch144. dispense Forms: plural: dispatches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispatch dispense v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed n. expenditure; pardon and efficiency; to eliminate 145. dispense146. display Forms: dispatched; dispatched; dispatching Forms: plural: dispenses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exhibition Forms: dispensed; dispensed; dispensing 147. n. presentation; show; screen; monitor; exposure; hand out display148. display v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to disposal dispense Forms: plural: displays –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 63 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words display disposal v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to n. getting rid of; arranging reveal Forms: plural: disposals 149. dispose150. disposition Forms: displayed; displayed; displaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 151. n. character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement Forms: disposed; disposed; disposing dispute152. disposition v. to control; to arrange; to put in order dispute dispose Forms: plural: dispositions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispute dispute n. quarrel; disagreement; argument v. to argue; to debate; to contest; to oppose; to fight against Forms: disputed; disputed; disputing 153. disrupt154. dissipate Forms: plural: disputes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 155. v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered Forms: disrupted; disrupted; disrupting distinctive156. dissipate v. to upset; to disturb; to divide distinguish disrupt Forms: dissipated; dissipated; dissipating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– distinctive distinguish adj. special; unique; different v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to recognize 157. distract158. distributor Forms: distinguished; distinguished; distinguishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– distract distributor v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse n. person, company or organization that markets a commodity, product or service; wholesaler; dealer 159. disturb160. diverse Forms: distracted; distracted; distracting Forms: plural: distributors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disturb diverse v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry adj. different; varied 161. diversification162. diversify Forms: disturbed; disturbed; disturbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– securities Forms: plural: diversifications 163. v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various products and services diversity164. diversify n. process of becoming varied; sale of a variety of divert diversification Forms: diversified; diversified; diversifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 64 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words diversity divert n. variety; difference; unlikeness v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction; to deflect Forms: diverted; diverted; diverting 165. divide166. divide Forms: plural: diversities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 167. v. to separate into parts; to part; to share; to apportion Forms: plural: divides division168. divide n. separation; ridge between drainage areas; watershed doctor divide Forms: divided; divided; dividing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– physician, surgeon etc.) Forms: plural: divisions 169. n. person who is licensed to practice medicine (i.e. according to difficulty doctor170. doctor n. partitioning; department; faculty; ranking; level document division Forms: plural: doctors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 171. n. certificate; written file Forms: doctored; doctored; doctoring document172. document v. to provide medical treatment; to fix; to repair; to mend documentation doctor Forms: plural: documents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– document documentation v. to record for evidence; to write down; to substantiate n. collection of written records; use of written records as evidence 173. dollar drain174. domestic Forms: documented; documented; documenting Forms: plural: documentations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dollar drain domestic n. a situation in which the imports of a country from the adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about USA are larger than their exports to the USA an animal) 175. domestic176. dominate Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 177. v. to control; to rule; to command Forms: plural: domestics donate178. dominate n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper donation domestic Forms: dominated; dominated; dominating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 179. n. gift; contribution Forms: donated; donated; donating dot180. donation v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow dot donate Forms: plural: donations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 65 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 181. n. spot; speck; part (the point) in an Internet web address Forms: dotted; dotted; dotting dotted182. dot v. to stud; to constellate doubt dot Forms: plural: dots –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dotted doubt adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small v. to be uncertain; to have misgivings dashes (about a line) 183. doubt184. download Forms: doubted; doubted; doubting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– doubt download n. misgiving; lack of certainty v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another computer through an Internet connection Forms: downloaded; downloaded; downloading 185. downsize186. downsize Forms: plural: doubts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downsize downsize adj. of a smaller version or dimension v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to cut the number of employees 187. downsizing188. downtown Forms: downsized; downsized; downsized –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downsizing downtown n. bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering n. commercial center of a city; business distract expenses 189. downtown190. downtown Forms: plural: no plural Forms: plural: downtowns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 191. downturn192. downtown adj. pertaining to the commercial center of a city downward downtown adv. into the city center; into the the town –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downturn downward n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business) adv. towards a lower place, position or section 193. downward194. draft Forms: plural: downturns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downward draft adj. descending v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to conscript; to draw out and separate 195. draft196. drastic Forms: drafted; drafted; drafting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 66 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words draft drastic n. rough outline; sketch; written order for payment; adj. extreme; intense; severe conscription 197. drastically198. draw Forms: plural: drafts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drastically draw adv. intensely; in an extreme manner; severely v. to attract; to pull; to sketch; to depict with lines; to conclude 199. draw200. dress code Forms: drew; drawn; drawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– draw dress code n. attraction; lottery; contest which ends in a tie; natural n. formally or socially imposed standards of attire channel; gully Forms: plural: dress codes 201. drill202. drill Forms: plural: draws –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– seeds in a furrow Forms: drilled; drilled; drilling 203. n. practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of rows drive204. drill v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in drive drill Forms: plural: drills –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drive drive v. to travel in a car; to transport in a vehicle; to compel n. trip in a vehicle; type of computer hardware; combined effort to accomplish a goal (i.e. fund raiser) 205. driver206. drop Forms: drove; driven; driving Forms: plural: drives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– driver drop n. chauffeur; program which enables an operating system v. to fall; to make fall; to bring down; to go down; to omit; 207. drop208. to abandon Forms: plural: drivers due to communicate with a particular device Forms: dropped; dropped; dropping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drop due n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount; adj. owed; payable; right; fitting; suitable; adequate pendant 209. due210. duplicate Forms: plural: drops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words due duplicate n. something which legally or rightfully belongs to an n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction individual; payment; fee Forms: plural: duplicates 211. duplicate212. duplicate Forms: plural: dues –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duplicate duplicate v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy adj. double; identical; matching 213. durable214. duration Forms: duplicated; duplicated; duplicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– durable duration adj. sturdy; long lasting n. period of time that something continues 215. duress216. during Forms: plural: durations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duress during n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion prep. while; throughout 217. duty218. dynamic Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duty dynamic n. obligation; responsibility; assignment; customs tax adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive Forms: plural: duties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 68 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 1. eager2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words earn E eager earn adj. strongly desiring; keen; fervently interested v. to receive as a result of work or other service performed; to profit; to be eligible; to be worthy 3. earnest4. earnest Forms: earned; earned; earning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– earnest earnest n. seriousness; industriousness adj. serious; sober; sincere; fervent; eager 5. earnings6. easy Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– earnings easy n. money gained; salary; revenue; profit; income adj. mild; slight; comfortable; simple 7. easy8. economize Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– easy economize adv. comfortably; without great difficulty or effort v. to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal 9. economy10. edge Forms: economized; economized; economizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– excitement Forms: plural: economies 11. n. line at which a surface ends; thin sharp side of a blade; thrift; careful spending edge12. edge n. management of resources (i.e. money, goods, etc.); edge economy Forms: plural: edges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– edge edge v. to sharpen; to provide with a border; to advance adj. at or constituting a place where two surfaces meet gradually or furtively 13. edit14. editor Forms: edged; edged; edging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– publication Forms: edited; edited; editing 15. n. person or organization that prepares printed matter for prior to printing education16. editor v. to revise; to alter; to make changes and corrections effect edit Forms: plural: editors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– education effect n. learning; instruction; imparting of knowledge; n. result; outcome; impact; trick; natural phenomenon upbringing 17. effect18. effective Forms: no plural Forms: plural: effects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words effect effective v. to accomplish; to put into action; to execute; to do adj. productive; in operation; impressive; striking 19. efficient20. effort Forms: effected; effected; effecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– efficient effort adj. done without waste (of time, resources, etc.) n. physical or mental exertion; labor; attempt; organized operation 21. effusive22. either Forms: plural: efforts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. either24. either adj. overflowing; unreserved; unrestrained; exuberant either effusive adj. one of two –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. elaborate26. either adv. also; too; as well elaborate either conj. precedes two or more coordinate words or phrases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elaborate elaborate v. to provide additional details; to plan carefully and with adj. detailed; complicated; carefully planned; worked out great detail; to produce; to develop in great detail 27. elaboration28. elect Forms: elaborated; elaborated; elaborating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elaboration elect n. painstaking labor; careful planning; adding of extra v. to choose; to vote for; to prefer; to decide details; act of improving; production 29. elect30. election Forms: plural: elaborations Forms: elected; elected; electing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elect election adj. chosen for office but net yet formally installed n. choosing; time when people vote for a political candidate 31. electrician32. element Forms: plural: elections –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– electrician element n. person who installs or maintains wiring systems n. main component; something which is a part of a complex whole 33. elemental34. elementary Forms: plural: electricians Forms: plural: elements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35. elevation36. elementary adj. simple; basic elevator elemental adj. basic; fundamental –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 70 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words from floor to floor within a building Forms: plural: elevations 37. n. lift; mechanical apparatus for moving people or items level; raising; lifting up; grandeur elicit38. elevator n. height of something; altitude above sea or ground eligible elevation Forms: plural: elevators –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elicit eligible v. to extract from; to bring out; to draw out adj. suitable; worthy of; qualified; entitled to; allowed 39. eliminate40. elucidate Forms: elicited; elicited; eliciting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41. v. to explain; to clarify; to describe; to depict Forms: eliminated; eliminated; eliminating elude42. elucidate v. to remove; to get rid of embark eliminate Forms: elucidated; elucidated; elucidating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elude embark v. to avoid; to escape; to shrink v. to go on board a ship; to put on board a ship; to begin; to become involved in an enterprise 43. embrace44. embrace Forms: elude d; eluded; eluding Forms: embarked; embarked; embarking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– embrace embrace n. hug; act of wrapping one's arms around another v. to accept; to belief; to hug; to hold tight person or thing 45. emerge46. emergency Forms: plural: embraces Forms: embraced; embraced; embracing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47. n. sudden need demanding immediate action Forms: emerged; emerged; emerging emergency48. emergency v. to appear; to come out; to be revealed empathy emerge Forms: plural: emergencies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– emergency empathy adj. in the event of sudden need n. entering into the feelings of another; sympathy; vicarious emotion; understanding 49. emphasis50. emphasize Forms: plural: empathies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– emphasis emphasize n. importance that is attached to something; accent or v. to stress; to show the importance of stress that is placed on a word or words 51. employ52. employee Forms: no plural Forms: emphasized; emphasized; emphasizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words employ employee v. to hire as a worker; to activate; to operate; to use n. worker; person who works for a company or an individual Forms: plural: employees 53. employer54. employment Forms: employed; employed; employing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. n. work; occupation; keeping busy Forms: plural: employers empty56. employment n. boss; person or company that hires people to do work empty employer Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57. v. to remove the contents of Forms: plural: empties empty58. empty n. container devoid of contents emulate empty Forms: emptied; emptied, emptying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– empty emulate adj. containing nothing; without people; without contents; v. to imitate; to try to equal or excel; to take after; to copy hollow; meaningless 59. enclose60. enclosure Forms: emulated; emulated; emulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– within another Forms: enclosed; enclosed; enclosing 61. n. confinement; additional document or letter placed additional document or letter within another encounter62. enclosure v. to surround; to confine; to close in; to place an encounter enclose Forms: plural: enclosures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– encounter encounter n. chance meeting v. to meet by chance; to face; to meet with (difficulties, hardships, etc.) 63. encourage64. encroach Forms: plural: encounters Forms: encountered; encountered; encountering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 65. v. to advance beyond proper limits; to infringe Forms: encouraged; encouraged; encouraging endorsement66. encroach v. to support; to inspire; to give hope endure encourage Forms: encroached; encroached; encroaching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. v. to put up with something or somebody unpleasant Forms: plural: endorsements engage68. endure n. signature on a money order such as a check engagement endorsement Forms: endured; endured; enduring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 72 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 69. n. commitment; obligation; period of employment Forms: engaged; engaged; engaging engine70. engagement v. to keep busy; to occupy; to employ; to commit engineer engage Forms: plural: engagements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– engine engineer n. machine which supplies force and motion; motor; truck; v. to design; to plan (i.e. machinery, roads, etc.) part of a program which handles certain types of date Forms: engineered; engineered; engineering 71. engineer72. enhance Forms: plural: engines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– engineer enhance n. person who designs and plans (machinery, roads, etc.) v. to increase; to intensify; to improve; to raise the value of Forms: enhanced; enhanced; enhancing 73. enlarge74. enlargement Forms: plural: engineers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75. n. expansion; increase in size; magnification Forms: enlarged; enlarged; enlarging enlighten76. enlargement v. to become bigger; to expand enlightenment enlarge Forms: plural: enlargements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enlighten enlightenment v. to instruct; to provide with intellectual or spiritual n. state of intellectual or spiritual awareness understanding 77. enlist78. enough Forms: enlightened; enlightened; enlightening Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. n. adequate amount; sufficient degree Forms: enlisted; enlisted; enlisting enough80. enough v. to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause enough enlist Forms: plural: enoughs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81. enrich82. enough adj. sufficient; adequate enrichment enough adv. quite; sufficiently; fairly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83. n. enhancement; refinement; improvement Forms: enriched; enriched; enriching enroll84. enrichment v. to improve; to make better ensure enrich Forms: plural: enrichments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 73 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words enroll ensure v. to register; to sign up; to join up; to enter one's name v. to make certain; to guarantee; to make secure on a list Forms: ensured; ensured; ensuring 85. enter86. enterprise Forms: enrolled; enrolled; enrolling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 87. n. company; firm; undertaking; business; endeavor Forms: entered; entered; entering entertain88. enterprise v. to go into; to join; to record; to inscribe entertainer enter Forms: plural: enterprises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. n. host; performer; comedian Forms: entertained; entertained; entertaining entertainment90. entertainer v. to interest; to amuse; to host enthuse entertain Forms: plural: entertainers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 91. v. to express excitement; to motivate Forms: plural: entertainments enthusiasm92. enthuse n. something interesting or amusing; fun; hospitality enthusiastic entertainment Forms: enthused; enthused; enthusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enthusiasm enthusiastic n. excitement; great interest adj. excited; passionate; ardent; fervent 93. entire94. entirely Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 95. entitle96. entirely adj. whole; including every part; complete; full entitled entire adv. totally; completely; absolutely –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entitle entitled v. to give a heading or name to (i.e. a book, painting, adj. allowed; eligible; having the right to something etc.); to grant a right; to claim something 97. entrance98. entrance Forms: entitled; entitled; entitling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 99. n. way into a building or other structure; gate; doorway Forms: entranced; entranced; entrancing entrust100. entrance v. to hypnotize; to enthrall entry entrance Forms: plural: entrances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entrust entry v. to give to for safekeeping; to empower someone with a n. opening; record; information or item in a book, 101. environment102. dictionary, catalog, list, directory, etc. Forms: entrusted; entrusted; entrusting environmental responsibility or duty Forms: plural: entries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 74 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words environment environmental n. surroundings; conditions in which someone or adj. pertaining to the world and nature around us something lives 103. envision104. episode Forms: plural: environments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– envision episode v. to imagine to oneself; to picture; to visualize n. event; occurrence; one of a group of loosely connected stories Forms: plural: episodes 105. equal106. equal Forms: envisioned; envisioned; envisioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 107. v. to match; to correspond; to resemble; to be similar to Forms: plural: equals equal108. equal n. person or thing that is the same equality equal Forms: equaled; equaled; equaling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equal equality adj. same; identical; able; capable n. sameness; uniformity 109. equip110. equipment Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equip equipment v. to provide with the required supplies, tools and items n. supplies; necessary items; tools, instruments or other objects for completing a task 111. equity112. equivalent Forms: equipped; equipped; equipping Forms: plural: equipments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equity equivalent n. honesty; fairness; justice adj. same in worth or value; same in importance; corresponding 113. equivalent114. erase Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 115. v. to rub off; to remove totally; to delete Forms: plural: equivalents erasure116. erase n. something that is the same of the same level error equivalent Forms: erased; erased; erasing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 117. n. mistake; something that is incorrect Forms: plural: erasures especially118. error n. rubbing out; deletion; eradication essence erasure Forms: plural: errors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words especially essence adv. particularly n. inherent nature of something; central or outstanding characteristic 119. essential120. establish Forms: plural: essences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– essential establish adj. necessary; needed; fundamental; crucial; very v. to set up; to found; to base; to build important 121. establishment122. estate Forms: established; established; establishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– person's property; wealth; possessions Forms: plural: establishments 123. n. extensive piece of land usually with a large house on it; church, authority, government, etc.) esteem124. estate n. anything that is set up; institution (i.e. business, esteem establishment Forms: plural: estates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 125. n. admiration; respect Forms: esteemed; esteemed; esteeming estimate126. esteem v. to respect; to honor; to admire; to value estimate esteem Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– judgment Forms: estimated; estimated; estimating 127. n. judgment of an object's worth; appraisal; opinion; guess etc.128. estimate v. to judge an object's value; to appraise; to assess; to etc. estimate Forms: plural: estimates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– etc. etc. adv. and so on; and so forth abbr. Latin for and so on; and so forth 129. evade130. evaluate Forms: etcetera –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evade evaluate v. to avoid; to run away; to shrink v. to appraise; to judge the worth or quality; to assess; to gauge 131. evaluation132. evasive Forms: evaded; evaded; evading Forms: evaluated; evaluated; evaluating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evaluation evasive n. appraisal; estimation; assessment adj. avoiding; tending to shrink; elusive 133. even134. even Forms: plural: evaluations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 76 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words even even adj. smooth; straight; level; parallel; equal; consistent v. to make level; to smooth; to balance 135. event136. eventual Forms: evened; evened; evening –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– event eventual n. occurrence; happening; contest; campaign; promotion adj. final; occurring as a result 137. evict138. evidence Forms: plural: events –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 139. n. proof; something which proves or disproves Forms: evicted; evicted; evicting evidence140. evidence v. to expel a tenant by legal process; to turn out evident evict Forms: plural: evidences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evidence evident v. to offer proof; to prove; to show to be true adj. clear; obvious; apparent 141. evoke142. exact Forms: evidenced; evidenced; evidencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 143. v. to demand; to require; to insist upon; to force Forms: evoked; evoked; evoking exact144. exact v. to arouse; to bring out; to summon; to wake exaggerate evoke Forms: exacted; exacted; exacting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exact exaggerate adj. precise; meticulous; extremely accurate v. to overstate; to make something seem greater or more important than it really is 145. examination146. examinee Forms: exaggerated; exaggerated; exaggerating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 147. n. person who is tested; candidate Forms: plural: examinations examiner148. examinee n. test; quiz; investigation; inquiry example examination Forms: plural: examinees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– examiner example n. person who gives a test n. model; pattern; something which serves as an illustration 149. exceed150. excel Forms: plural: examiner Forms: plural: examples –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 77 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words exceed excel v. to surpass; to pass; to go beyond; to outdo v. to be talented; to do very well; to surpass; to do better than Forms: excelled; excelled; excelling 151. excellent152. except Forms: exceeded; exceeded; exceeding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 153. except154. except adj. superior; extraordinary; outstanding except excellent prep. but; besides –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– except except conj. but; only v. to exclude; to leave out; to skip; to protest; to object 155. exception156. exchange Forms: excepted; excepted; excepting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exception exchange n. something that is out of the ordinary; anomaly; n. conversion; stock market; trade; barter; conversation objection; opposition 157. exchange158. excite Forms: plural: exceptions Forms: plural: exchanges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exchange excite v. to give one thing in return for another; to replace one v. to stir up; to arouse feelings; to provoke; to stimulate thing with another; to trade; to barter 159. exclude160. exclusion Forms: exchanged; exchanged; exchanging Forms: excited; excited; exciting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– out Forms: excluded; excluded; excluding 161. n. prevention; rejection; leaving out; keeping out; shutting being; to reject exclusive162. exclusion v. to leave out; to keep out; to prevent from happening or exclusive exclude Forms: plural: exclusions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exclusive exclusive n. news story publicized in only a newspaper or adj. sole; limited to a selected few; incompatible; television/radio station fashionable; unique 163. exclusively164. execute Forms: plural: exclusives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exclusively execute adj. in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a v. to perform; to carry out; to put into practice limited manner 165. executive166. executive Forms: executed; executed; executing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 78 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words executive executive adj. administrative; operational; having the power to n. manager; person or group of persons having execute laws and policy administrative authority within an organization 167. exert168. exertion Forms: plural: executives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 169. n. putting to use; putting into action; effort; struggle; strain Forms: exerted; exerted; exerting exhibit170. exertion v. to exercise; to use; to make an effort exhibit exert Forms: plural: exertions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exhibit exhibit n. something presented as evidence in a court of law; v. to show; to display; to demonstrate; to present display; show Forms: exhibited; exhibited; exhibiting 171. exhibition172. exist Forms: plural: exhibits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exhibition exist n. display; show; public presentation of work or skills; v. to live; to be trade fair 173. existence174. exit Forms: plural: exhibitions Forms: existed; existed; existing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 175. n. passage that leads out Forms: plural: existences exit176. exit n. living; state of being; life expand existence Forms: plural: exits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exit expand v. to leave; to go out v. to grow larger; to broaden; to increase; to enlarge; to add to 177. expansion178. expect Forms: exited; exited; exiting Forms: expanded; expanded; expanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 179. v. to assume; to anticipate; to hope Forms: plural: expansions expectancy180. expect n. enlargement; increase; spread; development expectation expansion Forms: expected; expected; expecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 181. n. anticipation; longing or waiting for; hope Forms: plural: no plural expedite182. expectation n. hope; anticipation; assumption expel expectancy Forms: plural: expectations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 183. v. eject; drive out; banish Forms: expedited; expedited; expediting expenditure184. expel v. to speed up; to accelerate; to facilitate; to dispatch expense expedite Forms: expelled; expelled; expelling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 185. n. cost; price; payment Forms: plural: expenditures expensive186. expense n. spending; disbursement; outlay (especially financial) experience expenditure Forms: plural: expenses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expensive experience adj. costly; precious; opposite of cheap n. knowledge obtained by doing; something that one has lived through 187. experience188. experiment Forms: plural: experiences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 189. n. attempt to discover or test something; trial; research Forms: experienced; experienced; experiencing experiment190. experiment v. to try; to live through; to feel; to endure expert experience Forms: plural: experiments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– experiment expert v. to attempt to discover or test something; to try; to n. person skilled in a particular area; specialist venture; to research 191. expert192. expertise Forms: experimented; experimented; experimenting Forms: plural: experts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expert expertise adj. skilled; knowledgeable; highly sophisticated; very n. proficiency; skill; specialist knowledge and information experienced 193. expiration194. expire Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 195. v. to come to an end; to finish; to terminate Forms: plural: expirations explain196. expire n. termination; end explanation expiration Forms: expired; expired; expiring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– definition Forms: explained; explained; explaining 197. n. interpretation; something that clarifies; description; define explore198. explanation v. to illustrate; to elucidate; to interpret; to describe; to explorer explain Forms: plural: explanations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 80 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words management Forms: explored; explored; exploring 199. n. researcher; investigator; software program for file examine; to research export200. explorer v. to travel to unknown regions; to investigate; to export explore Forms: plural: explorers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– export export n. shipping of goods to other countries v. to ship; to send abroad; to sell goods and products overseas Forms: exported; exported; exporting 201. expose202. exposure Forms: plural: exports –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expose exposure v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose; to abandon n. denouncement; revealing; photograph; abandoning; placement Forms: plural: exposures 203. express204. express Forms: exposed; exposed; exposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– express express v. to declare; to say; to send quickly; to squeeze; to adj. clear; exact; precise; quick extract 205. express206. expression Forms: expressed; expressed; expressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– express expression n. system for prompt transportation of people or parcels; n. putting into words; phrase; word; manifestation dispatch conveyed by special messenger 207. extend208. extension Forms: plural: expresses Forms: plural: expressions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extend extension v. to stretch; to enlarge; to lengthen; to reach out n. expansion; branch of a telephone network; supplement; reprieve 209. extensive210. extent Forms: extended; extended; extending Forms: plural: extensions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extensive extent adj. spreading over a large area; comprehensive n. scope; range; scale; size; measure; degree 211. extract212. extract Forms: plural: extents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words extract extract n. substance obtained from a plant; essence; text v. to remove; to take out; to squeeze; to press; to elicit paragraph; passage Forms: extracted; extracted; extracting 213. extradite214. extraordinary Forms: plural: extracts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extradite extraordinary v. to hand over to another nation or judicial authority adj. unusual Forms: extradited; extradited; extraditing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 82 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 1. fabric2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words facilitate F fabric facilitate n. textile; weave; structure; framework; construction v. to make easy; to assist; to forward; to promote; to expedite Forms: facilitated; facilitated; facilitating 3. facilitator4. facility Forms: plural: fabrics –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. n. device; tool; convenience; talent; ability; building Forms: plural: facilitators factor6. facility n. person or thing which promotes; expeditor factory facilitator Forms: plural: facilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– factor factory n. cause; agent; broker; financier; money lender n. plant; any location which mass-produces one type of product Forms: plural: factories 7. fade8. fail Forms: plural: factors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fade fail v. to wither; to die out; to bleach; to disappear v. to be unsuccessful; to not do; to disappoint; to go bankrupt; to be used up 9. failure10. fair Forms: faded; faded; fading Forms: failed; failed; failing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– failure fair n. inability to succeed; lack of success; lack; bankruptcy; n. festival; exhibition; show; market; bazaar downfall 11. fair12. fair Forms: plural: failures Forms: plural: fairs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fair fair adj. just; reasonable; handsome; light colored; clean; adv. justly; equitably; directly; completely; really 13. faith14. fall off clear –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– smaller Forms: plural: faiths 15. v. to separate; to be separated; to decrease; to become confidence; loyalty false16. fall off n. belief in a particular thing or person; religion; trust; falter faith Forms: fell off; fallen off; falling off –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– false falter adj. not true; counterfeit; deceitful; wrong; artificial; not v. to hesitate; to stumble; to sway; to totter; to be faithful unstable 17. fame18. familiar Forms: faltered; faltered; faltering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 19. n. good friend; acquaintance Forms: no plural familiar20. familiar n. notoriety; renown; good reputation familiarize fame Forms: plural: familiars –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– familiar familiarize adj. ordinary; skilled; close; intimate; well-known v. to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make something well known; to publicize 21. famous22. fare Forms: familiarized; familiarized; familiarizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– famous fare adj. well-known; excellent; wonderful n. cost for traveling (on a bus, train, etc.) 23. fare24. favorable Forms: plural: fares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fare favorable v. to travel; to go; to journey; to happen; to eat and drink adj. positive; approving; likable; helpful; encouraging; desirable 25. favorite26. fax Forms: fared; fared; faring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– favorite fax adj. preferred; beloved; liked n. device for electronically transmitting written material; electronically transmitted document 27. fax28. fear Forms: plural: faxes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. n. fright; horror; concern; terror Forms: faxed; faxed; faxing fear30. fear v. to transmit document electronically feasibility fax Forms: plural: fears –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– achieved; likelihood; probability Forms: feared; feared; fearing 31. n. capability of being carried out; capability of being have respect for feasible32. feasibility v. to be frightened; to be concerned; to be afraid of; to feature fear Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– feasible feature adj. able to be carried out; achievable; possible; likely n. characteristic; function; capability (of a product, machine, device, software etc.) 33. feature34. fee Forms: plural: features –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 84 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words commission; feudal estate Forms: featured; featured; featuring 35. n. toll; payment for services rendered; cost of admission; emphasize fee36. fee v. to characterize; to depict; to describe; to present; to feed feature Forms: plural: fees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fee feed v. to pay to; to hire; to employ n. meal; nourishment; material supplied; act of inserting into a machine (especially of putting paper into a printer) Forms: plural: feeds 37. feed38. feedback Forms: feed; feed; feeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– feed feedback v. to supply; to support; to send; to move into a machine n. response; critique; information about the results of a certain procedure or performance Forms: plural: feedbacks 39. fellow40. fellow Forms: fed; fed; feeding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fellow fellow n. friend; member of an academic organization; suitor adj. having membership in; belonging to (a group, academic organization, etc.); of the same type 41. fence42. fence Forms: plural: fellows –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– a vague manner Forms: plural: fences 43. v. to protect; to guard; to evade a question; to respond in goods ferry44. fence n. railing; hedge; ability to argue; person who sells stolen ferry fence Forms: fenced; fenced; fencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ferry ferry n. boat for crossing a body of water; shuttle v. to convey passengers or cargo by boat across a small body of water 45. fertilize46. fertilizer Forms: plural: ferries Forms: ferried; ferried; ferrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– (i.e. manure) Forms: fertilized; fertilized; fertilizing 47. n. organic or chemical substance added to soil to enrich it addition of organic or chemical substances fetch48. fertilizer v. to impregnate; to inseminate; to enrich the soil by the few fertilize Forms: plural: fertilizer –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 49. n. not many; some; several; small number of Forms: fetched; fetched; fetching few50. few v. to go after and bring back; to pick up; to charm field fetch Forms: plural: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– few field adj. little; not many; some n. area; domain; range; piece of land; surface 51. field52. figure Forms: plural: fields –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– field figure v. to answer adequately or successfully n. number; image; character; price; human shape; symbol Forms: plural: figures 53. figure54. file Forms: fielded; fielded; fielding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. smoothing surfaces; line; queue Forms: figured; figured; figuring file56. n. dossier; collection of documents on a subject; tool for to express verbally fill file v. to calculate; to think; to assume; to portray; to depict; out figure Forms: plural: files –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– file fill out v. to arrange papers methodically for preservation and v. to insert written information into the gaps on a form reference; to submit in a formal way 57. final58. final Forms: filed; filed; filing Forms: filled out; filled out; filling out –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– final final n. end; conclusion; last edition of a newspaper adj. at the end; last; ultimate; decisive; conclusive; definitive 59. finalize60. finance Forms: plural: finals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– finalize finance v. to end; to sum up; to complete; to conclude n. money management (including investment, banking etc.); science of money management 61. finance62. fine Forms: finalized; finalized; finalizing Forms: plural: finances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– payment of specified sum of money Forms: financed; financed; financing 63. n. monetary penalty; punishment which involves the pay for fine64. fine v. to raise money for; to provide with funds; to fund; to fine finance Forms: plural: fines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 86 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words fine fine v. to impose a tax upon; to purify; to make thin or thinner; adj. delicate; thin; flimsy; handsome; top-quality; excellent to reduce; to clarify 65. fine66. finish Forms: fined; fined; fining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fine finish adv. very well; excellent n. end; completion; conclusion; polish; something which completes or perfects 67. finish68. firm Forms: plural: finishes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69. n. company; commercial business; corporation Forms: finished; finished; finishing firm70. firm v. to terminate; to end; to destroy; to defeat; to complete firm finish Forms: plural: firms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– firm firm v. to solidify; to become solid; to stabilize; to become adj. strong; solid; stable; fixed; immovable; determined stable 71. firm72. fiscal Forms: firmed; firmed; firming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– firm fiscal adv. sturdily; steadily; assertively; in a determined adj. of public funds; of or pertaining to money matters 73. fix74. fix manner –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fix fix n. embarrassing situation; predicament; location; position v. to determine; to stabilize; to arrange; to repair; to 75. fixture76. prepare Forms: plural: fixes fizzle (i.e. of a ship or individual) Forms: fixed; fixed; fixing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 77. silence Forms: plural: fixtures fizzle78. n. failure; fiasco; sputtering which gradually fades into set date for a sporting event flat fizzle n. something which is permanently or securely attached; money fixture Forms: plural: fizzles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– which is not redeemable and which lacks economic value Forms: fizzled; fizzled; fizzling 79. n. banknote printed by a government as legal tender gradually fades into silence flaw80. flat money v. to fail after starting well; to make a hissing noise which flaw fizzle Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 87 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 81. n. defect; imperfection; crack; strong gust or wind Forms: flawed; flawed; flawing flawed82. flaw v. to crack; to become defective; to become cracked flawless flaw Forms: plural: flaws –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83. fleet84. flawless adj. defective; imperfect; cracked fleet flawed adj. perfect; impeccable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fleet fleet v. to move quickly; to pass quickly adj. swift; fast 85. fleet86. flexibility Forms: fleeted; fleeted; fleeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fleet flexibility n. group of ships, cars, trucks or other vehicles n. elasticity; ability to adapt to new circumstances; pliability Forms: plural: no plural 87. flexible88. flight Forms: plural: fleets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– flexible flight adj. elastic; easily bent; adroit; adept; pliable n. flying; aviation; trip on an airplane; escape 89. floor90. floor Forms: plural: flights –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– floor floor v. to knock down; to astound; to shock n. flat surface at the bottom of the room on which you walk; story; level of a building 91. florist92. fluctuate Forms: floored; floored; flooring Forms: plural: floors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– florist fluctuate n. owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower v. to vacillate; to waver; to vary; to change arrangements 93. fluctuation94. fluency Forms: plural: florists Forms: fluctuated; fluctuated; fluctuating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fluctuation fluency n. vacillation; instability; wavering; inconstancy; change n. ability to speak and write easily; eloquence; articulateness; gracefulness 95. fluent96. focus Forms: plural: fluctuations Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 88 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words fluent focus adj. articulate; eloquent; able to read and write with ease; v. to make clear; to concentrate graceful; flowing 97. focus98. fold Forms: focussed; focussed; focusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 99. v. to bend; to crease; to wrap; to envelop; to clasp Forms: no plural fold100. fold n. center; hub; concentration folder focus Forms: folded; folded; folding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fold folder n. bend; crease; depression in the ground; hollow n. dossier for storing papers; directory between two hills; yard Forms: plural: folders 101. food102. forecast Forms: plural: folds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– food forecast n. nourishment; substance which provides the body with v. to predict a future event or condition; to foretell nutrients; sustenance 103. forecast104. forecast Forms: plural: foods Forms: forecast; forecast; forecasting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forecast forecast adj. predicted; expected; anticipated n. prediction of a future event or condition (i.e. development of the economy) 105. forecaster106. foreign Forms: plural: forecasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forecaster foreign n. person who foretells future events; weatherman adj. strange; unfamiliar; from or of another place; pertaining to dealings with another country 107. foremost108. foresee Forms: plural: forecasters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– foremost foresee adv. first in place or rank; primary; leading; main v. to predict; to prophesy; to foretell 109. form110. form Forms: foresaw; foreseen; foreseeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– form form v. to shape; to create; to design; to arrange; to be created n. shape; image; framework; document with blank spaces to be filled in; fitness; type 111. formal112. formal Forms: formed; formed; forming Forms: plural: forms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words formal formal adj. ceremonious; conventional; according to custom; n. occasion which requires fancy dress (dance, ball, etc.); stiff; strict; symmetrical evening gown 113. format114. format Forms: plural: formals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– organization Forms: formatted; formatted; formatting 115. n. structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data diskette or hard disk for use formatted116. format v. to design the appearance of; to arrange; to prepare a formula format Forms: plural: formats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– formatted formula adj. arranged in a particular way; prepared for reading n. set way of saying or doing something; principle; pattern and writing 117. formulate118. fortunate Forms: plural: formulas –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– formulate fortunate v. to devise; to conceive; to develop; to plan adj. lucky; successful; opportune 119. fortune120. forward Forms: formulated; formulated; formulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 121. v. to send; to convey; to transmit; to promote; to advance Forms: plural: fortunes forward122. forward n. luck; wealth; chance; success; riches forward fortune Forms: forwarded; forwarded; forwarding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forward forward adj. advanced; ahead; ready; brash; of the future; adv. ahead; to the front 123. forward124. foster progressive –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forward foster n. player positioned at the front of the offensive line adj. entrusted to the care (Sports) 125. foster126. found Forms: plural: forwards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– foster found v. to encourage; to nurture; to promote; to raise; to care adj. discovered for 127. found128. foundation Forms: fostered; fostered; fostering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 90 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words found foundation v. to establish; to create; to build; to set up; to start a n. base; fundament; substructure; establishing; institution company Forms: plural: foundations 129. founder130. founder Forms: founded; founded; founding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– authorization to operate a channel Forms: foundered; foundered; foundering 131. n. establisher; organization or channel; person who gives cause to sink fraction132. founder v. to fill with water and sink; to fall; to fail; to stumble; to frame founder Forms: plural: founders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– construct; to build; to fashion; to formulate Forms: plural: fractions 133. v. to contrive false evidence against; to set up; to of a whole; segment; fragment; quotient frame134. frame n. product of the division of one number by another; part framework fraction Forms: framed; framed; framing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135. n. support; skeleton; structure; system Forms: plural: frames franchise136. framework n. casing; skeleton; structure; body structure; mood franchise frame Forms: plural: frameworks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– franchise franchise v. to grant a license to an individual or group; to grant the n. license to market a company's goods or services; 137. franchisor138. business which has been granted a license Forms: franchised; franchised; franchising frank right to vote Forms: plural: franchises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 139. v. to deliver without charge Forms: plural: franchisors frank140. frank n. person who has the right to grant a license frank franchisor Forms: franked; franked; franking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frank frank adj. honest; sincere; straightforward; open; candid n. mark or signature which allows a letter or package to be sent free of charge 141. fraud142. fraudulent Forms: plural: franks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fraud fraudulent n. swindle; deceit; cheating; forgery; embezzlement adj. guilty; dishonest 143. fraught144. freight Forms: plural: frauds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 91 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words fraught freight adj. full of or accompanied by; charged with; laden with v. to load with goods; to load; to weigh down; to send as cargo 145. freight146. frequency Forms: freighted; freighted; freighting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reoccurs Forms: plural: freights 147. n. quality of occurring regularly; rate at which a function cost; transportation; conveyance; shipment frequent148. frequency n. cargo or goods that are shipped for a fee; shipping frequent freight Forms: plural: frequencies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frequent frequent adj. happening often; regular; common; usual v. to go regularly to (a certain place); to patronize 149. frequently150. frisky Forms: frequented; frequented; frequenting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 151. fuel152. frisky adv. regularly; often fuel frequently adj. energetic; full of life; playful; lively –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gas, wood, coal, etc.) Forms: fueled; fueled; fueling 153. n. substance burned to create energy (petrol, gasoline, energy fueled154. fuel v. to provide with a combustible substance that provides fulfill fuel Forms: plural: fuels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fueled fulfill adj. filled with petrol, gas or another substance that v. to realize; to make a reality; to accomplish; to produces energy complete; to execute 155. fulfillment156. function Forms: fulfilled; fulfilled; fulfilling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fulfillment function n. realization; performance; completion; gratification; v. to work; to act; to operate; to perform satisfaction 157. function158. fund Forms: plural: fulfillments Forms: functioned; functioned; functioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– function fund n. duty; role; purpose; feature; convention v. to finance; to supply with money; to allocate financial sums; to extend a short-term obligation 159. fund160. fundamental Forms: plural: functions Forms: funded; funded; funding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 92 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words fund fundamental n. amount of money set aside for a specific purpose; adj. basic; elemental; essential supply 161. fundamental162. funnel Forms: plural: funds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 163. v. to channel; to centralize Forms: plural: fundamentals funnel164. funnel n. principle; basis; essential funnelled fundamental Forms: funneled; funneled; funneling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– funnel funnelled n. device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as adj. channeled; centralized it reaches the bottom 165. furniture166. further Forms: plural: funnels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– furniture further n. movable articles for use in a home or office (i.e. chairs, adj. more distant; additional desks, cabinets, closets, etc.) 167. further168. further Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– further further adv. to a greater distance; more; in addition v. to advance; to encourage; to promote; to assist 169. fussy Forms: furthered; furthered; furthering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fussy adj. exacting; choosy; ornate; nagging; annoying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 93 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 1. G.D.P.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words G.N.P. G G.D.P. G.N.P. abbr. total goods and services produced by nation during abbr. total value of goods and services produced by a 3. gain4. country in a given period (generally one year) Forms: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) gain one year excluding payments on foreign investments Forms: Gross National Product (GNP) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gain gain n. profit; assets; achievement; increase; benefit; v. to acquire; to earn; to purchase; to obtain; to profit advantage Forms: gained; gained; gaining 5. gap6. garbage Forms: plural: gains –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gap garbage n. opening; breach; hiatus; space; great difference; n. something that is discarded; rubbish; trash; junk; waste disparity Forms: no plural 7. garment8. garner Forms: plural: gaps –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– garment garner n. piece of clothing; outer covering n. place where grain is stored; granary; storehouse; collection; store 9. garner10. gasoline Forms: plural: garments Forms: plural: garners –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– garner gasoline v. to collect; to gather; to accumulate; to store; to place in n. flammable liquid mixture derived from petroleum (used 11. gate12. as fuel, etc.) Forms: garnered; garnered; garnering gather reserve Forms: plural: gasolines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gate gather n. portion of a wall or fence that opens and closes; any n. drawing together; fold; pucker barrier which opens and closes; entrance; entryway 13. gather14. gathering Forms: plural: gates Forms: plural: gathers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gather gathering v. to assemble; to collect; to accumulate; to conclude; to n. assembly; meeting; convention; cluster; collection deduce 15. gauge16. gauge Forms: gathered; gathered; gathering Forms: plural: gatherings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 94 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words gauge gauge n. standard of measure; device for measuring (pressure, v. to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate amount, distance, etc.) Forms: gauged; gauged; gauging 17. general18. general Forms: plural: gauges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– general general n. high ranking military officer adj. inclusive; of all things 19. generate20. generation Forms: plural: generals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– generate generation v. to create; to produce; to bring into being n. production; creating; group of people born around the same time Forms: plural: generations 21. generous22. genuine Forms: generated; generated; generating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. germane24. genuine adj. benevolent; giving; unselfish; abundant; plentiful get generous adj. original; real; true; natural; honest; sincere –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– germane get adj. pertinent; relevant; connected v. to receive; to obtain; to purchase; to bring; to persuade 25. get into26. get on with Forms: got; gotten; getting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. get over28. get v. to continue Forms: got into; gotten into; getting into through get on with v. to enter with get into Forms: got on with; gotten on with; getting on with –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– get over get through with v. to recover v. to finish; to complete Forms: got over; gotten over; getting over Forms: got through with; gotten through with; getting 29. gift30. gifted through with –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gift gifted n. present; talent; offering adj. talented; skilled; having great natural ability 31. give up32. global Forms: plural: gifts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– give up global v. to surrender; to quit; to stop doing adj. worldwide; universal; of the whole world 33. globe34. glossary Forms: gave up; given up; giving up –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 95 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words globe glossary n. ball; sphere; planet Earth; world n. list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a book); dictionary of technical or specific terms 35. glossy36. glove Forms: plural: globes Forms: plural: glossaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– glossy glove adj. shiny; polished; smooth n. protecting covering for the hand; padded covering for the hand 37. go after38. go along with Forms: plural: gloves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– go after go along with v. to try to get; to attempt to get v. to comply; to conform; to follow; to agree Forms: went after; gone after; going after Forms: went along with; gone along with; going along 39. go through40. goal with –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41. n. target; aim; purpose; objective; destination Forms: went through; gone through; going through good42. goal v. to experience; to endure good go through Forms: plural: goals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– good good 43. good44. government adj. excellent; pleasant; valid; competent; skilled; positive adv. nice; excellent; of high quality –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. n. ruling of a country or area; political control; authority Forms: plural: goods grade46. government n. product; item; asset; benefit grade good Forms: plural: governments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– school) Forms: graded; graded; grading 47. n. mark; level; degree; rank; type; extend; class (in a evaluate; to assess gradually48. grade v. to give a mark to; to classify; to make level; to graduate grade Forms: plural: grades –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gradually graduate adv. progressively v. to complete a course of study and receive a degree or diploma 49. graduate50. graduate Forms: graduated; graduated; graduating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 96 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words graduate graduate adj. having a degree or diploma; concerning studies n. person who has completed a course of study and beyond a bachelor's degree received a degree or diploma 51. grain52. grain Forms: plural: graduates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 53. n. cereal; seed; granule; particle; texture; weave Forms: grained; grained; graining grant54. grain v. to crumble into granules grant grain Forms: plural: grains –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. n. award; gift; present; contribution; donation Forms: granted; granted; granting graph56. grant v. to agree; to give; to bestow; to answer to; to donate graph grant Forms: plural: grants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– graph graph v. to represent by chart; to draw a curve representing a n. diagram; chart given function 57. grasp58. grasp Forms: graphed; graphed; graphing Forms: plural: graphs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grasp grasp v. to seize; to grip; to comprehend; to understand; to n. hold; understanding; knowledge; realization realize 59. grateful60. gratitude Forms: grasped; grasped; grasping Forms: plural: grasps –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grateful gratitude adj. thankful; appreciative; expressing thanks n. thankfulness; appreciation 61. gratuity62. great Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gratuity great n. tip; bonus; recompense adj. large; important; huge; immense; wonderful; exciting 63. greenhouse64. grit Forms: plural: gratuities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– a harsh grinding noise Forms: plural: greenhouses 65. v. to grind the teeth together; to abrade; to grind; to make cultivated out of season grit66. grit n. structure built mainly of glass in which plants are grocer greenhouse Forms: gritted; gritted; gritting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 97 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words grit grocer n. small rough granules or particles (i.e. sand); bravery; n. person who owns and operates a food store pluck; endurance Forms: plural: grocers 67. groceries68. grocery Forms: plural: grits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– groceries grocery n. foods and other goods sold at a small supermarket or n. store which sells food and other household goods store Forms: plural: groceries 69. groom70. grooming Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– groom grooming v. to tend carefully; to take care of; to make clean and n. process of making neat and attractive tidy; to prepare for Forms: plural: no plural 71. gross72. gross Forms: groomed; groomed; grooming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gross gross v. to make or earn a total of (before taxes and other adj. inclusive; complete; total; general; without deductions expenses) 73. gross74. grow Forms: grossed; grossed; grossing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gross grow n. 12 dozen; 144 v. to become larger; to cultivate; to be changed; to turn into 75. growth76. guarantee Forms: plural: grosses Forms: grew; grown; growing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 77. v. to vouch for; to give a warranty; to assure; to promise Forms: no plural guarantee78. guarantee n. development; progress guess growth Forms: guaranteed; guaranteed; guaranteeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. v. to suppose; to hypothesize; to conjecture Forms: plural: guarantees guess80. guess n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance guide guarantee Forms: guessed; guessed; guessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81. v. to direct; to lead; to instruct Forms: plural: guesses guide82. guide n. conjecture; supposition; hypothesis guideline guess Forms: guided; guided; guiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 98 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words guide guideline n. instructor; director; escort; leader; manual; handbook n. instructions; manual; handbook; indication of acceptable conduct or procedure Forms: plural: guidelines 83. guilt84. guilty Forms: plural: guides –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– guilt guilty n. state of having committed a crime or offense; adj. deserving of punishment; responsible culpability; feeling of having done something wrong 85. gymnasium Forms: plural: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gymnasium n. building for indoor sports and exercise; fitness center Forms: plural: gymnasiums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 99 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net H 1. H.R.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words HTML H Internet Forms: Human Resources (HR) 3. abbr. language used to write pages and sites for the labor; staff habit4. HTML abbr. manpower; personnel; human work force; human hallmark H.R. Forms: hypertext markup language –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– habit hallmark n. custom; something that one is used to doing; part of a n. identifying characteristic routine; behavior pattern Forms: plural: hallmarks 5. halt6. halt Forms: plural: habits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain Forms: plural: halts 7. v. to stop; to cause to stop; to pause; to hesitate; to be or journey handbook8. halt n. temporary stop; standstill; break or pause in a march handle halt Forms: halted; halted; halting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fist name; nickname; code name; title Forms: plural: handbooks 9. n. part of an object designed to be gripped by the hand; instructions handle10. handle n. manual; guide; guideline; document containing handling handbook Forms: plural: handles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– handle handling v. to manage; to process; to deal in; to do business with; n. care; treatment; procedure; system; touch to treat 11. hard12. hard Forms: handled; handled; handling Forms: plural: handlings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hard hard adj. difficult; complicated; rigid; stiff adv. strenuously; with great effort; to the full extent; 13. harmful14. harmonize intently; to the extreme limit –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– harmful harmonize adj. injurious; causing damage v. to agree; to reconcile; to be in concert with 15. harmony16. harness Forms: harmonized; harmonized; harmonizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– harmony harness n. unity; agreement; accord; pleasing balance; symmetry n. straps and other parts by which a draft animal is attached to a vehicle 17. harness18. harvest Forms: plural: harmonies Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 100 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net H 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 19. n. reaping; gathering in of crops; outcome; product Forms: harnessed; harnessed; harnessing harvest20. harvest v. to use; to apply; to employ; to control; to channel hazard harness Forms: plural: harvests –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 21. n. danger; risk; game of chance Forms: harvested; harvested; harvesting hazard22. hazard v. to reap; to gather in ripe crops; to catch; to gather hazardous harvest Forms: plural: hazards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hazard hazardous v. to endanger; to imperil; to dare; to venture adj. dangerous; risky; perilous 23. haze24. haze Forms: hazarded; hazarded; hazarding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– haze haze n. fog; mist; obscurity; vagueness v. to treat someone new in a humiliating manner; to harass; to humiliate 25. head26. head Forms: plural: hazes Forms: hazed; hazed; hazing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– head head adj. chief; leading; main; principal n. mind; understanding; leader; person in authority; top 27. head28. headquarter Forms: plural: heads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– center of operations Forms: headed; headed; heading 29. v. to set up a center of operations; to be set up in a go in a certain direction headquarters30. headquarter v. to lead; to be in charge; to direct; to be at the front; to headway head Forms: headquartered; headquartered; headquartering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– headquarters headway n. main office; central office of a company; center of n. progress; advance operation 31. health32. healthy Forms: only plural Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– health healthy n. physical or mental well-being; freedom from disease adj. well; not sick; fit; sound 33. helicopter34. hem Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 101 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net H 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words garment Forms: plural: helicopters 35. n. folded and stitched down edge of cloth; edge of a blades hem36. hem n. aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating hesitate helicopter Forms: plural: hems –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– indecisive Forms: hemmed; hemmed; hemming 37. v. to waver; to be uncertain; to vacillate; to falter; to be speaking hesitation38. hesitate v. to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in hidden hem Forms: hesitated; hesitated; hesitating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hesitation hidden n. pausing; stammering; faltering adj. concealed; secret; not to be seen; ulterior 39. hide40. hire Forms: plural: hesitations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hide hire v. to conceal; to cover up; to keep secret; to place out of n. wages; rent; rental; charge; fee sight 41. hire42. hit Forms: hid; hidden; hiding Forms: plural: hires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hire hit v. to lease; to rent; to employ n. stroke; blow; collision; success; popular event or production 43. hit44. homebound Forms: hired; hired; hiring Forms: plural: hits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hit homebound v. to strike; to beat; to reach; to find; to collide adj. confined usually by illness 45. honest46. honesty Forms: hit; hit; hitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– honest honesty adj. truthful; candid; frank n. truthfulness; sincerity; integrity; frankness 47. honor48. honor Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– honor honor n. esteem; respect; integrity; honesty; award; privilege v. to respect; to esteem; to pay tribute; to praise; to accept 49. horrible50. hospital Forms: plural: honors Forms: honored; honored; honoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 102 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net H 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words horrible hospital adj. terrible; awful; disgusting n. location where sick and injured people receive medical treatment 51. host52. host Forms: plural: hospitals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– one's home; to give a party Forms: plural: hosts 53. v. to act as master of ceremonies; to receive guests into (of people or things) hourly54. host n. person who receives guests; large number; multitude house host Forms: hosted; hosted; hosting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. house56. house adj. continual house hourly adj. pertaining to accommodations; domesticated –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– to store; to shelter Forms: plural: houses 57. v. to accommodate someone; to stay; to reside; to dwell; audience; legislative body housing58. house n. building used for a particular purpose; business; however house Forms: housed; housed; housing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– housing however n. lodging; dwelling adv. in any event; anyway 59. however60. hr Forms: plural: housing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– however hr conj. in what way' abbr. period of 60 minutes 61. humidity62. hurry Forms: hour –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 63. v. to make haste; to rush; to urge; to prod; to dash Forms: no plural hurry64. hurry n. dampness; moistness; mugginess hyphen humidity Forms: hurried; hurried; hurrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hurry hyphen n. rush; haste; urgency n. short dash; short line used to connect or separate words or syllables (-) Forms: no plural Forms: plural: hyphens –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 103 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 1. I.O.U.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words I.P.O. I I.O.U. I.P.O. abbr. signed note acknowledging a debt abbr. first offering to the public of a company's shares on the stock market Forms: Initial Public Offering (IPO) 3. Inc.4. i.e. Forms: I owe you (IOU) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. abbr. that is to say (Latin); for example; for instance Forms: incorporated idea6. i.e. abbr. legally established as a corporation ideal Inc. Forms: id est (i.e.) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– idea ideal n. concept; thought; opinion; intention; plan adj. perfect; imaginary; excellent; best; exemplary 7. ideal8. idealize Forms: plural: ideas –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ideal idealize n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection that embodies a standard of perfection 9. identification10. identify Forms: plural: ideals Forms: idealized; idealized; idealizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– identification identify n. verification of a person or thing; recognition v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to relate 11. idle12. idle Forms: plural: identifications Forms: identified; identified; identifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– idle idle adj. lazy; vain; unoccupied; unemployed v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around 13. ignorance14. ignore Forms: idled; idled; idling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reject Forms: no plural 15. v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to being uninformed ill16. ignore n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy; lack of education; state of ill ignorance Forms: ignored; ignored; ignoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ill ill adj. sick; bad; unfriendly; unsatisfactory; inadequate; adv. with difficulty; barely; scarcely; poorly; improperly 17. ill18. illustrate inferior –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 104 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 19. v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict; to elucidate Forms: plural: ills illustration20. illustrate n. trouble; misfortune; evil; harm; disease; sickness image ill Forms: illustrated; illustrated; illustrating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– the mind Forms: plural: illustrations 21. v. to draw a likeness; to describe; to reflect; to picture in clarification image22. image n. picture in a book or other work; explanation; imaginary illustration Forms: imaged; imaged; imaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– image imaginary n. figure; form; reflection; picture; likeness; embodiment adj. not real; fanciful 23. imagination24. imagine Forms: plural: images –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assume Forms: plural: imaginations 25. v. to envision; to fantasize; to visualize; to think; to not exist in reality imaging26. imagine n. ability of the mind to create mental pictures which do imagining imagination Forms: imagined; imagined; imagining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. n. fantasizing; visualizing Forms: no plural immediate28. imagining n. forming of mental pictures to control bodily processes immediately imaging Forms: plural: imaginings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. immediately30. immediately adj. instantaneous; prompt; direct; close impact immediate conj. as soon as –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– immediately impact adj. right away; shortly; at once; without delay v. to influence; to affect strongly; to collide; to squeeze in 31. impact32. impatient Forms: impacted; impacted; impacting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impact impatient n. influence; effect; colliding of two bodies; touch adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless 33. impede34. imperative Forms: plural: impacts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impede imperative v. to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart adj. necessary; obligatory; commanding 35. imperative36. implement Forms: impeded; impeded; impeding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 105 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words imperative implement n. necessity; obligation; command; order v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to realize Forms: implemented; implemented; implementing 37. implement38. implementation Forms: plural: imperatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– implement implementation n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment n. realization; carrying out; performing; putting into effect; execution Forms: plural: implementations 39. implication40. imply Forms: plural: implements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– implication imply n. consequence; outcome; result; indirect suggestion; v. to suggest indirectly; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import connotation; hint Forms: implied; implied; implying 41. import42. import Forms: plural: implications –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– export; meaning; significance Forms: imported; imported; importing 43. n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of foreign country; to signify; to imply important44. import v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a impose import Forms: plural: imports –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– important impose adj. significant; influential; essential; crucial; critical v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute 45. impossible46. impress Forms: imposed; imposed; imposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impossible impress adj. unbearable; cannot be done; cannot be endured v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp 47. impression48. impressive Forms: impressed; impressed; impressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impression impressive n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect; adj. grand; magnificent; striking vague memory 49. improve50. improvement Forms: plural: impressions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 106 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words change which adds value to something Forms: improved; improved; improving 51. n. something which enhances or improves; addition or develop impulse52. improvement v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to inalienable improve Forms: plural: improvements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impulse inalienable n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim; wave of energy adj. non-transferable sent via a nerve 53. inanimate54. inbound Forms: plural: impulses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. incentive56. inbound adj. lifeless; spiritless incentive inanimate adj. traveling in an inward direction –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incentive incentive adj. provocative; stimulating; encouraging n. stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement 57. incinerator58. incline Forms: plural: incentives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59. v. to slope; to bend; to bow; to slant; to influence Forms: plural: incinerators incline60. incline n. furnace which burns things to ashes include incinerator Forms: inclined; inclined; inclining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. v. to comprise; to contain; to embrace Forms: plural: inclines including62. include n. slope; grade; slant inclusive incline Forms: included; included; including –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– including inclusive adj. comprising; containing; embracing adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive; 63. income64. inconvenience taking in –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– income inconvenience n. amount of money received in payment for goods or v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb services or from other sources; revenue; profits Forms: plural: incomes Forms: inconvenienced; inconvenienced; 65. inconvenience66. incorrect inconveniencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 107 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words inconvenience incorrect n. bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort adj. wrong; erroneous; imprecise; unseemly; improper 67. increase68. increase Forms: plural: inconveniences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69. n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation Forms: increased; increased; increasing incredible70. increase v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify incumbent increase Forms: plural: increases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory; amazing incumbent72. incumbent adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; fabulous; great; incur incredible necessary; resting; lying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 73. v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire Forms: plural: incumbents independent74. incur n. person who currently holds an office or position independent incumbent Forms: incurred; incurred; incurring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– independent independent adj. free; autonomous; sovereign; self-reliant; self- n. person who does not belong to any political party sufficient 75. index76. index Forms: plural: independents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alphabetical order; indicator; sign Forms: indexed; indexed; indexing 77. n. list of subjects or other information arranged in with changes in economic indicators indicate78. index v. to register; to adjust prices or salaries in accordance indoor index Forms: plural: indexes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– indicate indoor v. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside exhibit 79. induce80. indulge Forms: indicated; indicated; indicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– induce indulge v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor 81. indulgence82. industrialize Forms: induced; induced; inducing Forms: indulged; indulged; indulging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 108 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words indulgence industrialize n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; v. to innovate and develop production luxury; leniency Forms: industrialized; industrialized; industrializing 83. industry84. infancy Forms: plural: indulgences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– industry infancy n. manufacturing; trade; diligence; perseverance; n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood tendency to work hard Forms: plural: infancies 85. infant86. infant Forms: plural: industries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– infant infant adj. pertaining to a minor n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor 87. infer88. inference Forms: plural: infants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. n. act of deriving; speculation; drawing of a conclusion Forms: inferred; inferred; inferring inflation90. inference v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise; to hint inflict infer Forms: plural: inferences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inflation inflict n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices 91. influence92. influence Forms: plural: inflations Forms: inflicted; inflicted; inflicting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– influence influence n. effect; impact; person or thing which has power to v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control affect others 93. influx94. inform Forms: plural: influences Forms: influenced; influenced; influencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– influx inform n. inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to notify another body of water 95. informal96. information Forms: plural: influxes Forms: informed; informed; informing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– informal information adj. unofficial; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back n. knowledge; intelligence; data 97. ingredient98. inhabit Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ingredient inhabit n. component; element; factor; one of the substances v. to occupy; to live in; to dwell in; to reside in; to populate which comprises a mixture Forms: inhabited; inhabited; inhabiting 99. inhabitant100. inherent Forms: plural: ingredients –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inhabitant inherent n. person who lives in a particular place; resident; tenant; adj. intrinsic; existing as a natural and integral part; occupant natural; inborn 101. initial102. initial Forms: plural: inhabitants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initial initial n. beginning letter of a person's first name; first letter (as v. to sign using the first letter or letters of a name of a word) Forms: initialed; initialed; initialing 103. initialed104. initially Forms: plural: initials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initialed initially adj. signed with initials; marked with the first letter or adv. at first; in the first place; at the beginning 105. initiate106. initiative letter of a name –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initiate initiative v. to set going; to launch; to begin; to start adj. beginning; introductory 107. initiative108. injure Forms: initiated; initiated; initiating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initiative injure n. enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a v. to hurt; to wound; to insult; to offend; to damage process; first step 109. injured110. injury Forms: plural: initiatives Forms: injured; injured; injuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– injured injury adj. hurt; wounded; insulted; offended; damaged n. hurt; wound; harm; damage; insult 111. innocent112. innocent Forms: plural: injuries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– innocent innocent adj. not guilty; pure; simple; naive; unsophisticated; n. person who is free from sin or wrongdoing harmless 113. innovate114. innovation Forms: plural: innocents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 110 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words innovate innovation v. to make changes; to create something new; to invent n. introduction of something new; change; new method or practice Forms: plural: innovations 115. innovator116. inquiry Forms: innovated; innovated; innovating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– innovator inquiry n. person who makes changes; person who introduces n. formal question; exploration; questioning; investigation new methods or procedures; creative person Forms: plural: inquiries 117. insert118. insert Forms: plural: innovators –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insert insert v. to place in; to put in; to add to n. something created separately for the purpose of being added to or placed inside (a book, newspaper, etc.) Forms: plural: inserts 119. insist120. inspect Forms: inserted; inserted; inserting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– examine officially; to review Forms: insisted; insisted; insisting 121. v. to check; to look over carefully and critically; to require; to persevere inspection122. inspect v. to demand; to emphasize firmly; to request firmly; to inspector insist Forms: inspected; inspect; inspecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– police officer ranking below a superintendent Forms: plural: inspections 123. n. person whose job it is to supervise and examine; examination; audit; review inspiration124. inspector n. act of looking over carefully and critically; official inspire inspection Forms: plural: inspectors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inspiration inspire n. stimulus; motivation; revelation; insight; idea v. to motivate; to stimulate; to provoke; to influence; to encourage 125. inspiring126. install Forms: plural: inspiration Forms: inspired; inspired; inspiring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inspiring install adj. motivating; stimulating; encouraging; provoking; v. to set up for use; to put in (i.e. machinery); to establish inhaling in an office or position 127. instalment128. instance Forms: installed; installed; installing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 111 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words point; to cite; to mention Forms: plural: instalments 129. v. to refer to a case or occurrence to explain or prove a has been divided instance130. instance n. one of several separate payments into which a debt instant instalment Forms: instanced; instanced; instancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instance instant n. occurrence; occasion; example; illustration adj. immediate; quick; urgent; pressing; present; current 131. instant132. instantaneously Forms: plural: instances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instant instantaneously n. moment; very short space of time; current month adv. immediately; momentarily 133. instead134. instinctively Forms: plural: instants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135. institute136. instinctively adv. in place of; as a replacement institute instead adv. naturally; spontaneously; intuitively; automatically –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– institute institute v. to establish; to set up; to begin; to initiate; to start n. foundation; organization which provides a certain service or supports a particular cause 137. institution138. instruct Forms: instituted; instituted; instituting Forms: plural: institutes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– educate Forms: plural: institutions 139. v. to inform; to direct; to guide; to command; to order; to is accepted in a society instruction140. instruct n. organization; custom; convention; law or activity which instructor institution Forms: instructed; instructed; instructing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instruction instructor n. teaching; direction; guidance; training; education; n. educator; teacher; trainer information 141. instrument142. instrument Forms: plural: instructions Forms: plural: instructors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instrument instrument v. to equip with devices for measuring, recording, or n. tool; implement; device; appliance; agent; means controlling 143. insulate144. insult Forms: instrumented; instrumented; instrumenting Forms: plural: instruments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 112 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 145. n. affront; offense; rude remark or action Forms: insulated; insulated; insulating insult146. insult v. to separate from others; to segregate insurance insulate Forms: plural: insults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– against damage or loss Forms: insulted; insulted; insulting 147. n. contract by which property or persons are guaranteed offend; to affront insure148. insurance v. to speak or act in a rude or contemptuous manner; to integrity insult Forms: plural: insurance –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insure integrity v. to provide a guarantee against possible damage or n. honesty; uprightness; morality; wholeness; unity loss; to make certain 149. intelligence150. intend Forms: insured; insured; insuring Forms: plural: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intelligence intend n. ability to reason and understand; cleverness; brilliance; v. to plan; to mean; to have in mind do or accomplish; to 151. intense152. designate for a particular purpose Forms: plural: no plural intensify information Forms: intended; intended; intending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intense intensify adj. extreme; great; powerful; strong; profound v. to increase; to strengthen; to heighten 153. intensity154. intensive Forms: intensified; intensified; intensifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intensity intensive n. strength; energy; extreme degree; depth; clarity adj. characterized by a high degree; highly concentrated 155. intent156. intent Forms: plural: intensities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intent intent n. plan; goal; aim; objective; meaning adj. concentrated; focused; determined; resolute; purposeful 157. intention158. interchangeable Forms: plural: intents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intention interchangeable n. plan; aim; goal; purpose adj. can be traded; can be substituted by something else 159. interest160. interest Forms: plural: intentions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words interest interest n. concern; affair; percentage on a loan which is paid v. to cause to become involved in; to arouse curiosity over time Forms: interested; interested; interesting 161. interfere162. interim Forms: plural: interests –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interfere interim v. to impede; to obstruct; to hinder; to meddle adj. temporary; provisional 163. interim164. interim Forms: interfered; interfered; interfering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interim interim adv. meanwhile; in the meantime n. temporary arrangement; in between period 165. interior166. interior Forms: plural: interims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interior interior n. inside a building; inland section of a country adj. inner; inside; inland; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life 167. interject168. intermittent Forms: plural: interiors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interject intermittent v. to place between other things; to throw into the center adj. not continuous; sporadic; fitful; alternately stopping of and starting 169. internal170. internal Forms: plural: interjected; interjected; interjecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– internal internal n. inner quality; intrinsic characteristic adj. inner; inside; located within; of a country's domestic affairs 171. international172. internationalize Forms: plural: internals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– international internationalize adj. between countries; of relations between two or more v. to globalize; to make worldwide countries Forms: internationalized; internationalized; 173. interpret174. interpreter internationalizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 114 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words (orally); person how clarifies; commentator Forms: interpreted; interpreted; interpreting 175. n. person who translates from one language to another explain in a particular way interrupt176. interpreter v. to explain; to clarify; to elucidate; to understand or interruption interpret Forms: plural: interpreters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interrupt interruption v. to stop; to discontinue; to disturb; to bring a n. disturbance; discontinuance; stoppage; cutting-off conversation to a halt Forms: plural: interruptions 177. interview178. interview Forms: interrupted; interrupted; interrupting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interview interview n. meeting at which a person is evaluated through v. to question formally; to evaluate through questioning questioning (as for a job) Forms: interviewed; interviewed; interviewing 179. interviewee180. interviewer Forms: plural: interviews –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 181. n. person who ask questions (i.e. reporter or employer) Forms: plural: interviewees intricate182. interviewer n. person who is being asked questions; job candidate introduce interviewee Forms: plural: interviewers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intricate introduce adj. complex; complicated; involved; entangled v. to present for the first time; to initiate; to establish; to announce 183. introduction184. introductory Forms: introduced; introduced; introducing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– introduction introductory n. act of acquainting one person with another; preface adj. preliminary; beginning 185. invent186. invention Forms: plural: introductions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invent invention v. to originate; to create; to design; to fabricate; to n. creativity; resourcefulness; fabrication; falsehood concoct 187. inventive188. inventor Forms: invented; invented; inventing Forms: plural: inventions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inventive inventor adj. creative; new; original n. creator; designer 189. inventory190. inventory Forms: plural: inventors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 115 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words inventory inventory n. stock; list of assets; act of checking stock v. to make a detailed list of property; to summarize; to sum up the worth of Forms: inventoried; inventoried; inventorying 191. invest192. investment Forms: plural: inventories –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– authorization Forms: invested; invested; investing 193. n. expenditure of money or effort for future benefits; to install; to cover; to authorize investor194. investment v. to expend money or effort for future benefits; to grant; invisible invest Forms: plural: investments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– investor invisible n. person who puts money into a project adj. impossible to see; imperceptible; hidden; concealed 195. invitation196. invite Forms: plural: investors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invitation invite n. request for one's presence; summons; call v. to request the presence of; to solicit; to attract; to encourage; to promote 197. invoice198. invoice Forms: plural: invitations Forms: invited; invited; inviting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 199. v. to bill; to charge Forms: plural: invoices involve200. invoice n. bill involvement invoice Forms: invoiced; invoiced; invoicing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– involve involvement v. to cause to be concerned with; to engage; to engross n. inclusion; participation; connection; association; relation 201. irrelevant202. irritate Forms: involved; involved; involving Forms: plural: involvements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– irrelevant irritate adj. beside the point; unconnected; impertinent; v. to annoy; to bother; to aggravate; to anger immaterial 203. irritated204. irritation Forms: irritated; irritated; irritating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– irritated irritation adj. annoyed; aggravated; exasperated n. something which annoys or aggravates 205. issue206. issue Forms: plural: irritations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 116 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 207. v. to publish; to distribute; to circulate; to emit Forms: plural: issues item208. issue n. topic; subject; matter; question; problem; publication itemize issue Forms: issued; issued; issuing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– item itemize n. thing; object; article; news story; piece of information v. to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full detail 209. itinerary Forms: plural: items Forms: itemized; itemized; itemizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– itinerary n. route; travel plans; travel journal Forms: plural: itineraries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 117 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net J 1. jeopardize2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words jeopardy J jeopardize jeopardy v. to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at risk n. danger; peril; hazard; risk; endangerment Forms: plural: jeopardies 3. jeopardy4. join Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– jeopardy join v. to endanger; to imperil; to put at risk; to place in danger v. to attach; to connect; to unite; to combine; to become a member Forms: joined; joined; joining 5. joint venture6. journal Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. n. newspaper; magazine; diary; blog; bookkeeping ledger Forms: plural: joint ventures journalist8. journal n. collective enterprise; group endeavor; collaboration journey joint venture Forms: plural: journals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– journalist journey n. reporter; person who writes for a newspaper or n. long trip; distance; voyage magazine; correspondent 9. journey10. judge Forms: plural: journalists Forms: plural: journeys –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– journey judge v. to travel; to take a trip n. person who presides over court trials; arbiter; expert; critic 11. judge12. junction Forms: journeyed; journeyed; journeying Forms: plural: judges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– n. intersection; crossing; connection Forms: judged; judged; judging 13. junction v. to criticize; to assess; to determine; to rule justify judge Forms: plural: junctions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– justify v. to vindicate; to defend; to support; to excuse Forms: justified; justified; justifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 118 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net K 1. keep2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words keep K 3. v. to hold onto; to save; to store; to watch over; to care for Forms: plural: keeps key4. keep n. wages; living; stronghold key keep Forms: kept; kept; keeping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– key key n. device used to open locks; button on a board v. to fit; to adapt; to adjust; to tune; to supply with an explanatory device Forms: keyed; keyed; keying 5. key6. kind Forms: plural: keys –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– key kind adj. important; significant; fundamental; necessary; n. type; sort; class; group of things which are classed crucial together because of their similarities 7. kind8. kindly Forms: plural: kinds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– kind kindly adj. gentle; good-hearted; understanding; compassionate adj. nicely; thoughtfully; graciously; considerately; 9. kit10. kit sympathetically –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11. v. to equip; to outfit with supplies Forms: plural: kits know12. kit n. set; equipment; outfit; clothing; wash basin knowledge kit Forms: kitted; kitted; kitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– know knowledge v. to be acquainted with; to understand; to distinguish; to n. familiarity; understanding; wisdom; education; be aware of awareness Forms: knew; known; knowing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 119 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 1. Ltd.2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words labor L Ltd. labor abbr. firm, company that is organized in such a way as to v. to work; to toil; to exert oneself; to work hard give its owners limited liability Forms: labored; labored; laboring 3. labor4. lack Forms: Limited (Ld., ld) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– labor lack n. strenuous physical or mental work; toil; exertion v. to be short of; to be without; to be missing; to need; to want Forms: lacked; lacked; lacking 5. lack6. landscape Forms: plural: labors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. n. view; scenery; horizontal page orientation Forms: plural: lacks landscaper8. landscape n. need; want; shortage; absence language lack Forms: plural: landscapes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– landscaper language n. person who designs gardens or large areas n. spoken or written words with which people communicate thoughts and feelings 9. large10. last Forms: plural: landscapers Forms: plural: languages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– large last adj. big; enormous; wide; spacious; famous v. to continue; to suffice; to endure; to persist 11. last12. last Forms: lasted; lasted; lasting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13. last14. last adj. coming after all others; most recent; final; newest lasting last adv. after all others; finally; at the end; most recently –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– last lasting n. end; conclusion; final appearance; power of adj. continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time; endurance; vitality; unit of weight durable 15. lasting16. late Forms: plural: lasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lasting late n. strong durable fabric; persistence adv. after the usual or expected time; tardily; recently; far on time; formerly 17. late18. launch Forms: plural: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 120 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words late launch adj. coming or occurring after the usual or expected time; v. to start; to run; to activate; to inaugurate; to break into tardy; slow; delayed 19. launch20. law Forms: launched; launched; launching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– principle; convention Forms: plural: launches 21. n. rule enacted by a community or country; custom; commencement; inauguration lawsuit22. law n. act of sending out; act of starting or initiating; lawyer launch Forms: plural: laws –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. them on legal matters; attorney; barrister Forms: plural: lawsuits lay n. person who represents people in a court or advises another; legal claim off24. lawyer n. case in a court of law brought by one party against layer lawsuit Forms: plural: lawyers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lay off layer v. to postpone; to dismiss from a job; to fire n. thickness of some material that covers a surface; covering; bed; stratum 25. layman26. layout Forms: laid off; laid off; laying off Forms: plural: layers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– layman layout n. unexperienced person n. arrangement; plan; sketch; drawing; something which has been arranged 27. lb28. lead Forms: plural: laymen Forms: plural: layouts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lb lead abbr. pound; unit of weight in ancient Rome equaling v. to conduct; to guide; to direct; to influence approximately 12 ounces 29. lead30. lead Forms: libra (lb.) Forms: led; led; leading –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lead lead adj. most important; main; first; opening; beginning n. guidance; advance position; first place; guide 31. leader32. leaflet Forms: plural: leads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 121 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words leader leaflet n. head; chief; director; carrier; main article n. sheet of paper on which information has been printed; flyer Forms: plural: leaflets 33. leakage34. lease Forms: plural: leaders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leakage lease n. something which escapes or passes through a hole or v. to rent out property for a specific period of time; to let opening (i.e. liquid, gas, etc.) Forms: leased; leased; leasing 35. lease36. least Forms: plural: leakages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lease least n. a contract granting use or occupation of property adj. smallest in size; smallest in amount; lowest in during a specified time for a specified payment importance 37. least38. least Forms: plural: leases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– least least adv. to the smallest extent possible n. something which is smallest in size or importance 39. leather40. leave Forms: plural: leasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leather leave n. tanned and preserved animal skin; item made of v. to depart; to exit; to quit; to omit; to let alone animal skin 41. leave42. lecture Forms: plural: leathers Forms: left; left; leaving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tediously Forms: plural: leaves 43. v. to deliver a discourse before an audience; to reprimand farewell lecture44. lecture n. vacation; time off; permission to be absent; departure; legacy leave Forms: lectured; lectured; lecturing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– one's ancestors Forms: plural: lectures 45. n. inheritance; bequest; something handed down from reprimand; formal reproof legal46. legacy n. discourse given before an audience; tedious legitimate lecture Forms: plural: legacies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47. legitimate48. legitimate adj. of or pertaining to the law; allowed by law leisure legal adj. lawful; acceptable; justified; authorized –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 122 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words time; rest; recreation Forms: legitimated; legitimated; legitimating 49. n. time free from work other demands and duties; free permissible lend50. leisure v. to make valid; to make lawful; to justify; to make lesson legitimate Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lend lesson v. to give on a temporary basis; to give money as a loan; v. to instruct; to teach; to scold; to reprove; to rebuke to donate Forms: lessoned; lessoned; lessoning 51. lesson52. letter Forms: lent; lent; lending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– communication sent to a person or organization Forms: plural: lessons 53. n. character which is part of an alphabet; written be studied and learned letterhead54. letter n. exercise; assignment given to a student; something to level lesson Forms: plural: letters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. v. to straighten; to flatten; to make even; to equalize Forms: plural: letterheads level56. level n. line printed at the top of a piece of stationary level letterhead Forms: leveled; leveled; leveling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– level level adj. straight; equal; even; honest n. degree; rank; height; plane; flat horizontal plain 57. lever58. leverage Forms: plural: levels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– circumstances Forms: plural: levers 59. v. to use one's influence to affect people or when given a fulcrum leverage60. leverage n. a simple machine that gives a mechanical advantage levy lever Forms: leveraged; leveraged; leveraging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leverage levy n. influence; ability to affect or alter people or v. to impose a tax or fine; to conscript troops circumstance 61. levy62. liability Forms: no plural Forms: levied; levied; levying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 63. n. financial obligation; debt; responsibility; obligation Forms: plural: levies liable64. liability n. a charge imposed and collected liberal levy Forms: plural: liabilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 123 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words liable liberal adj. under legal obligation; responsible; prone adj. in favor of reform; supporting a progressive 65. liberal66. library philosophy; tolerant; open-minded –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. n. place where one can borrow books Forms: plural: liberals license68. library n. person who favors political and social reform license liberal Forms: plural: libraries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– license license v. to grant a permit; to authorize; to permit; to allow n. permit; official permission; authorization; document which shows proof of authorization; certificate Forms: plural: licenses 69. lifestyle70. likelihood Forms: licensed; licensed; licensing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. n. probability; chance; feasibility; possibility Forms: plural: lifestyles likely72. likelihood n. way of life likely lifestyle Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– likely likely adj. reasonable; probable; possible; appropriate; adv. seemingly; probably 73. limit74. limit promising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– restriction; restraint Forms: limited; limited; limiting 75. n. point at which something ends; edge; border; as a border limited76. limit v. to create boundaries; to restrict; to reduce; to function line limit Forms: plural: limits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– limited line adj. confined within a boundary; restricted; narrow; v. to place in a row; to cover the inside of; to pad mediocre 77. line78. link Forms: lined; lined; lining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. v. to join; to connect; to associate with; to relate to Forms: plural: lines link80. link n. long thin mark; row; border; domain; tactic list line Forms: linked; linked; linking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 124 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words a certain order; to inscribe; to record Forms: plural: links 81. v. to write or print a series of names or items according to ring list82. list n. connection; relation; association; one ring of a chain; litter link Forms: listed; listed; listing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– list litter n. roll; roster; inventory; strip; band v. to toss or dump garbage in an unauthorized place; to scatter objects in disorder Forms: littered; littered; littering 83. litter84. load Forms: plural: lists –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. v. to fill; to pack (with goods, cargo, etc.) Forms: plural: litters load86. load n. refuse; trash; disorder loan litter Forms: loaded; loaded; loading –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– temporarily Forms: plural: loads 87. v. to lend a sum of money for a period of time; to give weight; capacity loan88. loan n. something carried; cargo; burden; unit of measure or local load Forms: loaned; loaned; loaning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loan local n. amount of money that has been borrowed; something adj. characterized; by or occupying a particular place borrowed; act of giving temporarily 89. local90. locate Forms: plural: loans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 91. v. to situate; to place; to identify; to find; to settle Forms: plural: locals located92. locate n. person who is native to or resides in a particular area location local Forms: located; located; locating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– located location adj. situated; placed; identified; found; existing; standing n. place; position; situation; site; spot 93. lock94. lock Forms: plural: locations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lock lock v. to fix in place; to link firmly together; to be held in place n. fastening mechanism which is opened with a key or other device 95. locksmith96. logistics Forms: locked; locked; locking Forms: plural: locks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 125 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 97. logo98. other operation Forms: plural: locksmiths look n. planning and execution; management of a business or mechanisms forward logistics n. person who who makes and fixes keys and fasting to locksmith Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– logo look forward to n. graphic symbol which represents a company or v. to anticipate gladly organization Forms: looked forward to; looked forward to; looking Forms: plural: logos 99. look into100. look over forward to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 101. v. to examine Forms: looked into; looked into; looking into loom102. look over v. to investigate loom look into Forms: looked over; looked over; looking over –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– machine Forms: loomed; loomed; looming 103. n. apparatus on which fabrics are woven; weaving larger than life; to impend loop104. loom v. to appear as a large and indistinct form; to appear as loop loom Forms: plural: looms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loop loop v. to make circular shape n. fastener consisting of a metal ring for lining a small hole to permit the attachment of cords or lines 105. lose106. loss Forms: looped; looped; looping Forms: plural: loops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lose loss v. to misplace; to be deprived of; to be defeated; to fail; n. opposite of profit; deprivation; defeat; destruction opposite of to win 107. lounge108. lounge Forms: lost; lost; losing Forms: plural: losses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lounge lounge v. to lie down; to recline; to move in a relaxed manner; to n. sofa; couch; lobby; slow walk; stroll walk lazily 109. loyal110. loyalty Forms: lounged; lounged; lounging Forms: plural: lounges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 126 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words loyal loyalty adj. faithful; true to one's obligations n. faithfulness; devotion; constancy 111. lucid112. lucrative Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lucid lucrative adj. comprehensible; intelligible; rational; transparent; adj. profitable; yielding monetary rewards; gainful 113. luggage114. lumber bright –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– luggage lumber n. suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers n. trees that have been sawed into rough planks; useless items that been put in storage 115. lumber116. luncheon Forms: no plural Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lumber luncheon v. to move heavily or awkwardly; to accumulate; to collect n. afternoon party where a light meal is served Forms: lumbered; lumbered; lumbering Forms: plural: luncheons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 127 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 1. machine2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words machine M machine machine n. device made up of interconnected parts that work v. to produce via mechanical means together to perform a given task or function Forms: machined; machined; machining 3. magnificent4. mail Forms: plural: machines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– magnificent mail adj. splendid; majestic; superb; glorious; impressive n. postal service; letters and other items that are sent via the postal service 5. mail6. mailing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sender; rented property Forms: mailed; mailed; mailing 7. n. large batch of letters sent at one time by a single post main8. mailing v. to send a letter or other item via the postal service; to main mail Forms: plural: mailings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– main main n. principal pipe or duct in a system; chief part of adj. principal; head; chief something; strength or force; high sea 9. mainframe10. maintain Forms: plural: mains –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mainframe maintain n. computer which can serve many users simultaneously v. to keep in existence; to preserve; to support; to provide for 11. maintenance12. major Forms: plural: mainframes Forms: maintained; maintained; maintaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maintenance major n. upkeep; repairs; livelihood; means of support n. military rank above captain; main subject of study chosen by a college or university student 13. major14. major Forms: no plural Forms: plural: majors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– major major v. to specialize in a certain field adj. more important than others; great; serious 15. majority16. mall Forms: majored; majored; majoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– majority mall n. greater number or part; number greater than half of the n. shopping center; pedestrian walkway; promenade total 17. manage18. management Forms: plural: majorities Forms: plural: malls –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 128 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words business or other enterprise Forms: managed; managed; managing 19. n. person of group of people that runs and administers a handle manager20. management v. to administer; to direct; to supervise; to accomplish; to managerial manage Forms: plural: managements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– manager managerial n. person who runs a company; director; administrator; adj. relating to supervision and responsibility supervisor 21. mandate22. mandate Forms: plural: managers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mandate mandate n. command; order; authorization granted from one body v. to issue a command; to make an official order to a subordinate body Forms: mandated; mandated; mandating 23. manner24. manual Forms: plural: mandates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. n. instructional booklet; handbook Forms: plural: manners manual26. manual n. mode; fashion; style; behavior; way; type manually manner Forms: plural: manuals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. manufacture28. manually adj. physical; done using human skill or force manufacture manual adv. by hand; physically –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. v. to make by machine; to produce; to fabricate; to invent Forms: plural: manufactures margin30. manufacture n. product made by hand or by machine margin manufacture Forms: manufactured; manufactured; manufacturing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– margin margin n. profit from the difference between costs and net sales v. to set apart an additional amount of space or money for security 31. mark32. mark Forms: plural: margins Forms: margined; margined; margining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33. v. to indicate; to signal; to write down; to record; to notice Forms: plural: marks market34. mark n. sign; indication; symbol; grade; trace market mark Forms: marked; marked; marking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 129 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words market market n. demand for goods or services; rate of purchase and v. to sell; to trade or deal; to distribute; to promote sale; fair Forms: marketed; marketed; marketing 35. match36. match Forms: plural: markets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– competitor; to compare Forms: plural: matches 37. v. to be compatible; to be suitable; to be an equal game maternal38. match n. competition; equal opponent; partner; counterweight; matter match Forms: matched; matched; matching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maternal matter adj. motherly; related through a mother; relating to or n. issue; affair; question; problem; substance of a characteristic of a mother or motherhood particular composition and consistency 39. maximum40. maximum Forms: plural: matters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maximum maximum n. greatest quantity or amount possible; highest capacity adj. greatest; most; utmost; highest 41. mayor42. mean Forms: plural: maximums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– average Forms: plural: mayors 43. n. midpoint; middle; equally far from two extremes; city mean44. mean n. elected official acting as executive head of a town or mean mayor Forms: plural: means –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mean mean v. to signify; to be significant; to intend; to indicate adj. average; middle; unkind; base; inferior 45. meaning46. meaning Forms: meant; meant; meaning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– meaning meaning n. definition; significance; intention; explanation adj. significant; important 47. means48. measurable Forms: plural: meanings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– means measurable n. method; way; medium; resources; funds adj. estimable; determinable; assessable 49. measure50. measure Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 130 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words measure measure n. action; step; criterion; amount; degree; extent v. to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to estimate Forms: measured; measured; measuring 51. measurement52. medicine Forms: plural: measures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– measurement medicine n. calculation of size or extent; assessment of capacity or n. art and science of disease treatment and health 53. mediocre54. maintenance; remedy; drug Forms: plural: measurements medium dimension Forms: plural: medicines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mediocre medium adj. regular; ordinary; low-grade; poor n. means of expression; channel of communication; middle man; intermediary; broker 55. member56. membership Forms: plural: media –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fellowship Forms: plural: members 57. n. state of belonging to an organization or group; organ memo58. membership n. person who belongs to an organization or group; part; mend member Forms: plural: memberships –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– memo mend n. reminder; internal document n. reform; repair; act of repairing; state of healing or improvement 59. mend60. mental Forms: plural: memos Forms: plural: mends –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mend mental v. to repair; to improve; to be improved adj. of or relating to the mind; intellectual; psychosocial 61. mention62. mention Forms: mended; mended; mending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mention mention n. direct or incidental reference; recognition of an v. to remind of; to state; to refer to; to hint at; to indicate achievement 63. mentor64. menu Forms: plural: mentions Forms: mentioned; mentioned; mentioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 131 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words be selected Forms: plural: mentors 65. n. list of choices; list of commands or options which may spiritual instructor merchandise66. menu n. adviser; counselor; person who guides and teaches; merchandise mentor Forms: plural: menus –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– merchandise merchandise n. goods; ware; stock; articles or items to be sold v. to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market goods Forms: merchandised; merchandised; merchandising 67. merge68. merger Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– merge merger v. to blend; to be blended; to combine or unite into a n. fusion; agglomeration single body; to be assimilated Forms: plural: mergers 69. message70. messenger Forms: merged; merged; merging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– special errands Forms: plural: messages 71. n. person employed to deliver official dispatches or go on memo; intimation meter72. messenger n. communication; information; announcement; note; method message Forms: plural: messengers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conducts business; technique Forms: plural: meters 73. n. procedure; plan of action; way; manner in which one substances (gas, water or electricity) meticulous74. method n. instrument that automatically measures quantities of metropolitan meter Forms: plural: methods –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– meticulous metropolitan adj. pedantic; cautious concerning minute details; n. resident of a capital city; sophisticated big-city person scrupulous 75. metropolitan76. mid-range Forms: plural: metropolitans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– metropolitan mid-range adj. characteristic of a capital city; sophisticated n. pertaining to a value that is approximately in the middle of a series of values 77. midday78. midmorning Forms: plural: mid-ranges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 132 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 79. n. before noon Forms: plural: middays might80. midmorning n. noon; 12 a.m. might midday Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81. v. can; to allow; to be possible; to wish Forms: plural: mights millennium82. might n. strength; power; force; bravery mind might Forms: could; might have –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– millennium mind n. unit of time equal to one thousand years; thousandth n. brain; memory; recollection; opinion; intention; desire year anniversary Forms: plural: minds 83. mind84. minimum Forms: plural: millenniums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– degree Forms: minded; minded; minding 85. n. least possible amount; smallest possible size; lowest to remember; to notice minimum86. minimum v. to pay attention to; to supervise; to regret; to oppose; minority mind Forms: plural: minimums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– minimum minority adj. pertaining to the smallest; indicating the least n. part of a population differing in some characteristic; state of being under legal age 87. minute88. minute Forms: plural: minorities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– memorandum Forms: plural: minutes 89. v. to record the proceedings of a meeting; to make a memo; protocol; memorandum minute90. minute n. unit of time equal to 60 seconds; 1/60 of an hour; minutely minute Forms: minuted; minuted; minuting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– minute minutely adj. tiny; extremely small; trivial; petty; accurate adv. meticulously; exactingly; scrupulously; diligently; 91. miserably92. misgiving thoroughly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– miserably misgiving adv. without pleasure or happiness; wretchedly; poorly n. apprehension; worry; doubt; hesitation; reservation 93. mission94. mistake Forms: plural: misgivings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 133 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words mission mistake n. task; assignment; delegation; errand; religious n. blunder; fault; error delegation Forms: plural: mistakes 95. mistake96. mistreatment Forms: plural: missions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 97. n. abuse; molestation Forms: mistook; mistaken; mistaking misunderstand98. mistreatment v. to make an error; to be wrong; to confuse misunderstanding mistake Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– misunderstand misunderstanding v. to interpret incorrectly; to comprehend incorrectly n. incorrect interpretation 99. mitigate100. mobilize Forms: misunderstood; misunderstood; misunderstanding Forms: plural: misunderstandings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– (especially armed reserves) Forms: mitigated; mitigated; mitigating 101. v. to move; to circulate; to draft; to assemble for action intensity of; to appease moderately102. mobilize v. to soften in force or severity; to lessen the impact or modest mitigate Forms: mobilized; mobilized; mobilizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– moderately modest adv. mildly; deliberatively; in a temperate manner; not adj. humble; unpretentious; unassuming; simple; limited 103. modification104. mollify excessively; reasonably –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– modification mollify n. change; adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction v. to calm; to soften; to pacify; to relieve 105. momentum106. monetize Forms: plural: modifications Forms: mollified; mollified; mollifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– momentum monetize n. force of movement; strength or motivation derived from v. to turn into profit; to generate revenue an initial effort 107. money108. money supply Forms: plural: monumentums Forms: monetized; monetized; monetizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– country's economy Forms: plural: monies or moneys 109. n. the total amount of funds in circulation in a given medium of trade; wealth monitor110. money supply n. coins and paper notes which have value; currency; monitor money Forms: plural: money supplies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 134 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words monitor monitor v. to supervise; to observe; to follow up on; to check up n. supervisor; device for regulating; screen on Forms: plurals: masc.: monitors; fem.: monitresses or Forms: monitored; monitored; monitoring 111. mood112. moral monitrixes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mood moral n. state of mind; predominant emotion adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; having integrity 113. moral114. mortgage Forms: plural: moods –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– moral mortgage n. ethic; lesson; principle v. to sign over property to a creditor as security for money that is owed; to obligate Forms: mortgaged; mortgaged; mortgaging 115. mortgage116. motivate Forms: plural: morals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mortgage motivate n. conditional conveyance of property as for security on a v. to prompt; to spur; to provide inspiration; to stir to 117. motivation118. action; to induce Forms: plural: mortgages motive loan; pledging; lien Forms: motivated; motivated; motivating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– motivation motive n. incentive; drive; inspiration; state of being stirred to adj. of reason or cause; inspiring to action action 119. motive120. move Forms: plural: motivations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– change residence Forms: plural: motives 121. v. to act on; to transfer from one place to another; to incentive; purpose; intention move122. move n. something that causes a person to act; cause; mth. motive Forms: moved; moved; moving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– move mth. n. change of residence; action; turn in a game; formal abbr. period of about 30 days or 4 weeks; 1/12 of a year request or proposition 123. mull124. mull Forms: plural: moves Forms: month –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words mull mull v. to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to heat and n. thin muslin fabric (Hindi); beach cliff (Scottish) spice for drinking Forms: plural: mulls 125. must126. must Forms: mulled: mulled: mulling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– must must v. to have to; to be obligated; to be likely or probable n. necessity; obligation; new wine; grape juice that has not yet fermented 127. myriad Forms: must; must; must Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– myriad n. great number of persons or things; many; a lot; composed of a countless number of items Forms: plural: myriads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 136 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net N 1. N/A2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words name N called or identified; moniker Forms: not available; not applicable 3. n. word or phrase by which someone or something is required name4. name abbr. describing something that can be left out isn't name N/A Forms: plural: names –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– name name v. to appoint; to specify; to identify; to designate adj. reputed; famous 5. narrow6. narrow Forms: named; named; naming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– narrow narrow v. to limit; to restrict; to contract; to lessen in width; to adj. tight; strait; reduced; not wide taper 7. nationality8. nearby Forms: narrowed; narrowed; narrowing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nationality nearby n. citizenship; patriotism adj. close at hand 9. nearby10. necessarily Forms: plural: nationalities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11. necessary12. necessarily adv. next to; alongside necessary nearby adv. as a logical result; unavoidably –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– necessary necessary n. something that is essential or imperative; essentials of adj. vital; essential; indispensable; unavoidable life (food, clothing, and shelter) 13. necessity14. need Forms: plural: necessaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– necessity need n. obligation; need; requirement n. requirement; shortage of an indispensable item; distress; hardship 15. need16. neglect Forms: plural: necessities Forms: plural: needs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– need neglect v. to require; to be in distress; to be under hardship; to be n. disregard; inattention; forgetfulness; abandonment obligated 17. neglect18. negligence Forms: needed; needed; needing Forms: plural: neglects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 137 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net N 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words necessary provision for (Law) Forms: neglected; neglected; neglecting 19. n. neglect; disregard; carelessness; failure to provide the shirk; to abandon negotiable20. negligence v. to disregard; to ignore; to forget to perform (a duty); to negotiate neglect Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– negotiable negotiate adj. describing an asset or item which can easily be sold v. to bargain; to deal; to work out; to compromise; to clear or transferred or pass an obstacle 21. negotiator22. nevertheless Forms: negotiated; negotiated; negotiating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– negotiator nevertheless n. person who participates in a bargaining session adv. anyway; anyhow; still; all the same 23. news24. newsletter Forms: plurals: masc.: negotiators; fem.: negotiatrixes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– to the members of an interest group Forms: no plural 25. n. short informational periodical that is usually distributed unknown facts nexus26. newsletter n. report of recent events; information about previously no. news Forms: plural: newsletters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nexus no. n. means of connection; link; joint; connected group abbr. numeral; mathematical value or its symbol; unit in a series; part 27. nominate28. nomination Forms: plural: nexuses Forms: number –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– an honor) Forms: nominated; nominated; nominating 29. n. appointment; proposal of a candidate (for an office or designate; to select nominee30. nomination v. to appoint someone (for a position, office, or honor); to note nominate Forms: plural: nominations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nominee note n. person who has been appointed; candidate v. not intended to earn profits; to observe; to remark on; to make a comment; to record 31. note32. notebook Forms: plural: nominees Forms: noted; noted; noting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 138 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net N 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words note notebook n. short written reminder; memo; brief informal letter; n. portable personal computer; laptop computer official message Forms: plural: notebooks 33. notice34. notice Forms: plural: notes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consideration Forms: noticed; noticed; noticing 35. n. announcement; poster, sign; warning; attention; remark novel36. notice v. to discern; to perceive; to pay attention; to observe; to novel notice Forms: plural: notices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– novel novel adj. new; strange n. piece of long fiction with a plot and characters; story 37. novelty38. nuance Forms: plural: novels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. n. slight difference; subtle distinction Forms: plural: novelties number40. nuance n. innovation; something new; discovery number novelty Forms: plural: nuances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– number number v. to count; to equal in amount; to limit; to allot adj. anesthetized; lacking sensitivity (to pain); in shock; senseless 41. number42. nurse Forms: numbered; numbered; numbering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– v. to breast-feed; to suckle; to provide medical care; to quantity of; sum take care of Forms: plural: numbers 43. nurse n. mathematical value or its symbol; indefinite amount; nurse number Forms: nursed; nursed; nursing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nurse n. medical caretaker (especially in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor) Forms: plural: nurses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 139 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 1. object2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words object O 3. v. to oppose; to protest Forms: plural: objects objection4. object n. article, thing; goal; focus of a thought or action objective object Forms: objected; objected; objecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. n. aim; purpose, goal Forms: plural: objections objective6. objective n. opposition; appeal; denial; protest obligation objection Forms: plural: objectives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– objective obligation adj. impartial; unbiased; existing outside of the mind n. duty responsibility; indebtedness; agreement 7. obligatory8. observe Forms: plural: obligations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– obligatory observe adj. binding; compelling; must be done; necessary v. to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern 9. obsolete10. obtain Forms: observed; observed; observing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– obsolete obtain adj. ancient; archaic; no longer in use; outdated; useless v. to acquire; to procure; to secure; to earn; to achieve 11. obvious12. obviously Forms: obtained; obtained; obtaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13. occasion14. obviously adj. clear; unmistakable; apparent; evident; plain occasion obvious adv. clearly; unmistakably; plainly; apparently –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– occasion occasion n. opportunity; occurrence, event; incident; reason; cause v. to cause; to incite; to bring to pass 15. occupancy16. occupation Forms: plural: moccasins Forms: occasioned; occasioned; occasioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conquest; possession or settlement of land Forms: plural: occupancies 17. n. act of forcefully taking possession of an area; seizure; right of possession occupied18. occupation n. period of residence; act of taking possession (Law); occur occupancy Forms: plural: occupations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– occupied occur adj. conquered; seized; filled; taken up; inhabited; v. to happen; to take place; to transpire; to come to mind; populated to suggest itself 19. occurrence20. offence Forms: occurred; occurred; occurring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 140 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 21. n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression Forms: plural: occurrences offender22. offence n. happening; event; incident offense occurrence Forms: plural: offences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offender offense n. transgressor; person who breaks the law; one who n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression insults Forms: plural: offenses 23. offensive24. offer Forms: plural: offenders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offensive offer n. attack; act of aggression; position of pursuit or n. suggestion; proposal of a price; tender; bid aggression Forms: plural: offers 25. offer26. office Forms: plural: offensives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offer office v. to suggest; to tender; to bid; to propose a price; to n. chamber; bureau; incumbency; agency; authority present 27. official28. offing Forms: offered; offered; offering Forms: plural: offices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– official offing n. person who holds public position; authority n. distant part of the sea visible from the shore; remote place far from the shore; high seas 29. offset30. offset Forms: plural: officials Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 31. v. to compensate; to balance Forms: plural: offsets omission32. offset n. outcome; compensation; counterbalance omit offset Forms: offset; offset; offsetting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33. v. to delete; to skip over; to neglect Forms: plural: omissions onus34. omit n. deletion; negligence; failure; default operate omission Forms: omitted; omitted; omitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– onus operate n. responsibility; duty; burden; impediment; blame v. to act; to function; to manage; to use; to activate; to perform surgery 35. operation36. operational Forms: plural: onuses Forms: operated; operated; operating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 141 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words operation operational n. working, performance, handling; venture, undertaking; adj. working; functional; ready for use series of actions 37. operator38. opinion Forms: plural: operations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– operator opinion n. one who activates; worker of a telephone switchboard; n. attitude; outlook; formal judgment or estimation operation symbol Forms: plural: opinions 39. opportune40. opportunity Forms: plural: operators –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– opportune opportunity adj. appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; n. chance; occasion; favorable time to act expedient 41. opposite42. opposite Forms: plural: opportunities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– opposite opposite n. contrast; something contrary adj. facing; across from; contrary; reverse; different; antithetical 43. opposite44. opposite Forms: plural: opposites –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. option46. opposite adv. contrarily order opposite prep. across from; facing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– option order n. choice; alternative; possibility; selection; election n. arrangement; instruction; command; request for something 47. order48. ordinary Forms: plural: options Forms: plural: orders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– order ordinary v. to command; to request something; to arrange; to n. ecclesiastical judge; priest manage 49. ordinary50. organize Forms: ordered; ordered; ordering Forms: plural: ordinaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ordinary organize adj. regular; common v. to arrange; to order; to systematize; to set up; to unite; to structure 51. origin52. original Forms: organized; organized; organizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 142 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 53. n. source from which something arises; prototype; model Forms: plural: origins original54. original n. source; beginning; birth; parentage; nationality originality origin Forms: plural: originals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– original originality adj. first; primary; innovative; creative; novel n. state of not being a derivative of anything else 55. originally56. originate Forms: plural: originalities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– originally originate adv. at first; in the first place; in a unique manner v. to begin; to be created; to result from; to develop; to be produced 57. ostensibly58. ostentatious Forms: originated; originated; originating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59. ought60. ostentatious adv. apparently; seemingly; to all appearances outbound ostensibly adj. showy; pretentious; bombastic; pompous; garish –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ought outbound v. to need to; must; to be obligated adj. leaving; sailing; traveling to another country 61. outdoor62. outlet Forms: modal verb –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– outdoor outlet adj. of nature n. exit; electrical source for connecting appliances; store; shop; joint 63. output64. outside Forms: plural: outlets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– output outside n. yield; product; manufacture; information sent out from n. external part or surface of something a computer 65. outside66. outside Forms: plural: outputs Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– outside outside 67. outside68. outstanding adj. external; of the outdoors; from the outdoors; maximal adv. out of doors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69. overall70. outstanding prep. besides; aside from overcome outside adj. excellent; conspicuous; prominent; due –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 143 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words overall overcome n. work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with v. to subdue; to solve a bib and shoulder straps) Forms: overcame; overcame; overcoming 71. overdraft72. overhead Forms: plural: overalls –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expenses Forms: plural: overdrafts 73. n. general expenses; manufacturing and business on credit overhead74. overhead n. limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank overhead overdraft Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75. overlap76. overhead adj. of general expenses; general overlap overhead adv. from above; above; in the sky –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 77. v. to cover a part of; to have something in common Forms: plural: overlaps overlook78. overlap n. something that is superimposed overseas overlap Forms: overlapped; overlapped; overlapping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overlook overseas v. to inspect; to supervise; to miss; to omit; to ignore; to adj. foreign; abroad excuse 79. overseas80. oversee Forms: overlooked; overlooked; overlooking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overseas oversee adv. in a place across an ocean v. to supervise; to manage; to inspect 81. overt82. overtime Forms: oversaw; overseen; overseeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overt overtime adj. plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised n. work beyond regular working hours; pay for such work (Law) 83. overtime84. overview Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overtime overview adv. exceeding regular working hours n. synopsis; general survey; introduction 85. overwhelm86. owe Forms: plural: overviews –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 144 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words repay Forms: overwhelmed; overwhelmed; overwhelming 87. v. to be indebted to; to be under obligation to pay or daze own88. owe v. to defeat; to master; to crush; to stagger; to stun; to own overwhelm Forms: owed; owed; owing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– own own v. to be in possession of; to belong to; to confess adj. belonging to oneself or itself (mine, yours, his, etc.); self; by oneself 89. owner90. ownership Forms: owned; owned; owning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– owner ownership n. proprietor n. legal right of possession Forms: plural: owners Forms: plural: ownerships –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 145 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 1. PIN2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words PR P PIN PR abbr. set of numbers which identifies a person abbr. actions of promoting goodwill and distributing information for a company or organization Forms: public relations 3. PTO4. Ph.D. Forms: personal identification number –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– program; university degree; title Forms: please turn over 5. abbr. graduate with a doctorate; graduate of a doctoral page or document p.m.6. Ph.D. abbr. requesting to view or read the opposite side of a package PTO Forms: Doctor of Philosophy –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inseparable combination of items Forms: post meridiem (pm, P.M., PM) 7. n. bundle; parcel; container for storage or transportation; the hour of 12:00 noon package8. package abbr. between noon and midnight; in the afternoon; after pad p.m. Forms: plural: packages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– package pad v. to wrap; to combine things together as one inseparable n. piece of soft material which cushions; block of pages 9. pad10. stacked together and connected on one side Forms: packaged; packaged; packaging page unit Forms: plural: pads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11. n. piece of paper; attendant; servant Forms: padded; padded; padding page12. page v. to cushion; to fill; to fill out; to walk; to go by foot paint pad Forms: plural: pages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pigment on a surface Forms: paged; paged; paging 13. n. colored substance applied to surfaces; layer of dried sheets of paper in a collection paint14. paint v. to call; to summon (e.g. to the telephone); to number pair page Forms: plural: paints –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– paint pair v. to apply color to a surface; to put makeup on; to n. match; whole consisting of two parts; couple describe something in words 15. pair16. pallet Forms: painted; painted; painting Forms: plural: pairs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pair pallet v. to couple; to be part one of a match; to mate n. straw-filled mattress; hard and simple bed; platform used to stack items during moving or storage 17. panel18. paper Forms: paired; paired; pairing Forms: plural: pallets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 146 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words panel paper n. group of judges; board; band; strip; crew; staff n. thin sheets of fibrous material used to write on; article; essay; questionnaire Forms: plural: papers 19. paradigm20. paragraph Forms: plural: panels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– paradigm paragraph n. model; ideal; mold; form; example; pattern n. passage; distinct portion of text (usually begins with an indented line); section; clause Forms: plural: paragraphs 21. parameter22. paramount Forms: plural: paradigms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– parameter paramount n. variable which determines the form of a function adj. superior; supreme; above all; of the highest rank; most important 23. parentheses24. part Forms: plural: parameters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. v. to divide; to separate; to be divided; to allocate Forms: plural: parenthesis part26. part n. grouping symbols () part parentheses Forms: parted; parted; parting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– part part adj. somewhat n. section; piece; region; role; function; side in an agreement 27. part-time28. participate Forms: plural: parts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. v. to be involved; to join in Forms: plural: part-times particular30. participate n. period; era; hour; rate particular part-time Forms: participated; participated; participating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– particular particular adj. special; unusual; detailed; precise; pedantic; strict n. detail; individual characteristic; item; article; specific proposition 31. particularly32. party Forms: plural: particulars –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– particularly party adv. especially; specifically v. to celebrate 33. party34. party Forms: partied; partied; partying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 147 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words party party adj. of a political group; of social gatherings n. political group; social gathering; side of an agreement; group; gang 35. pass36. pass Forms: plural: parties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pass pass n. alleyway; narrow road between mountains; successful v. to cross; to transport; to approve grade on a test Forms: passed; passed; passing 37. passage38. passenger Forms: plural: passes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. n. traveler; fare; person who rides or travels Forms: plural: passages passport40. passenger n. way; route; course; section; piece patch passage Forms: plural: passengers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– passport patch n. a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing n. area of fabric used to repair a hole; stain; bandage; lot that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country 41. patch42. path Forms: plural: passports Forms: plural: patches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– patch path v. to cover a hole with a piece of material; to use to cover n. track; lane; route; search route a hole 43. patience44. pattern Forms: patched; patched; patched Forms: plural: paths –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. n. sample; model; form; mold; decorative design Forms: no plural pattern46. pattern n. tolerance; forbearance pay patience Forms: plural: patterns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 47. n. salary; wages Forms: patterned; patterned; patterning pay48. pay v. to decorate; to imitate; to mimic; to copy an example payable pattern Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pay payable v. to give money for goods or to cancel debts; to settle; to adj. may be settled be worthwhile; to be profitable 49. payment50. payroll Forms: paid; paid; paying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 148 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words payment payroll n. wage; salary; compensation; bonus; punishment n. financial sheet listing salaries; list of workers who receive wages and salaries Forms: plural: payrolls 51. pd.52. peace Forms: plural: payments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 53. n. state of not being at war; silence; quietness; tranquility Forms: paid peculiar54. peace abbr. given money that was owed peddle pd. Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– peculiar peddle adj. exceptional; special; strange; odd; curious v. to hawk; to vend; to deal; to distribute; to sell 55. pedicure56. penalize Forms: peddled; peddled; peddling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57. v. to punish Forms: plural: pedicures penalty58. penalize n. cosmetic foot treatment perceive pedicure Forms: penalized; penalized; penalizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– penalty perceive n. punishment; fine; punishment in the form of a financial v. to feel; to sense; to distinguish; to discern; to see payment 59. percent60. perennial Forms: plural: penalties Forms: perceived; perceived; perceiving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. n. something that continues for many years Forms: plural: percents perennial62. perennial n. one part of a hundred perfect percent Forms: plural: perennials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– perennial perfect adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for v. to refine; to improve; to complete; to make faultless many years; perpetual; everlasting 63. perfect64. perform Forms: perfected; perfected; perfecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– perfect perform adj. flawless; complete; undamaged v. to do; to carry out; to execute; to present; to arrange; to manage 65. performance66. perhaps Forms: performed; performed; performing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 149 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words performance perhaps n. show; presentation; execution; act; deed adv. maybe; possibly; could be 67. period68. periodical Forms: plural: performances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– period periodical n. punctuation mark; end; pause at end of a phrase; full n. magazine; journal sentence; age; season Forms: plural: periodicals 69. periodical70. perishable Forms: plural: periods –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– periodical perishable adj. occurring at regular intervals; recurrent; cyclic; n. product which can rot or spoil (fruit, food etc.) seasonal 71. perishable72. permanent Forms: plural: perishables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 73. permeate74. permanent adj. expendable; spoils rapidly; likely to spoil; mortal permit perishable adj. lasting; enduring; perpetual; regular; fixed; invariable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75. n. license; authorization Forms: permeated; permeated; permeating permit76. permit v. to enter; to penetrate; to infiltrate; to suffuse perpetuate permeate Forms: plural: permits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– permit perpetuate v. to let; to enable; to allow; to authorize; to sanction v. to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from extinction 77. persistence78. persistent Forms: permitted; permitted; permitting Forms: perpetuated; perpetuated; perpetuating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– persistence persistent n. diligence; tenacity; stubbornness; continuation adj. tenacious; stubborn; constant; continual; diligent 79. personnel80. perspective Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 81. n. viewpoint; outlook; vista; view Forms: no plural persuade82. perspective n. staff; work force; team; crew persuasion personnel Forms: plural: perspectives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83. n. inducement; act of convincing Forms: persuade; persuaded; persuading pertain84. persuasion v. to convince; to induce; to sway pertinent persuade Forms: plural: persuasions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 150 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words pertain pertinent v. to belong to; to be connected to; to relate; to refer adj. relevant; related; appropriate; fitting 85. pervasive86. petrol Forms: pertained; pertained; pertaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pervasive petrol adj. penetrating; infiltrating; spreading; extending; n. type of fuel; gasoline permeating 87. pharmacist88. phone Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. v. to make a call; to ring Forms: plural: pharmacists photo90. phone n. druggist; apothecary photo pharmacist Forms: phoned; phoned; phoning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– photo photo pref. of light n. picture; snapshot 91. photograph92. photograph Forms: plural: photos –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 93. photographer94. n. picture; snapshot; image Forms: photographed; photographed; photographing pick photograph v. to take a picture up photograph Forms: plural: photographs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 95. pick v. to choose; to select; to pull out; to tear out; to peck Forms: plural: photographers up96. pick up n. cameraman; person who takes pictures picture photographer Forms: picked; picked; picking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 97. v. to photograph; to paint; to draw; to describe; to depict Forms: plural: picks picture98. picture n. hoe; tool used to spread soil; choice; selection pie pick up Forms: pictured; pictured; picturing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– picture pie n. photograph; drawing; painting; film; embodiment n. type of dessert; cake; baked dish consisting of a crust and filling 99. piece100. piece Forms: plural: pictures Forms: plural: pies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 151 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 101. n. slice; part; segment; creation; work Forms: pieced; pieced; piecing pile102. piece v. to join parts together; to attach segments pioneer piece Forms: plural: pieces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pile pioneer n. heap; mound; wealth; fortune; group of buildings; dike; n. pathfinder; forerunner; person who paves the way; 103. pioneer104. member of a military engineering corps Forms: plural: piles pipe levee Forms: plural: pioneers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pioneer pipe v. to pave the way; to create a path; to guide; to initiate; n. tube; trachea; flute; toot to originate Forms: plural: pipes 105. pipe106. pitch Forms: pioneered; pioneered; pioneering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– throw Forms: piped; piped; piping 107. n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar; asphalt; pitched sound pitch108. pitch v. to convey a fluid; to transport a liquid; to make a high- place pipe Forms: plural: pitches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109. n. location; position; standing; role; function Forms: pitched; pitched; pitched place110. place v. to establish; to erect; to throw; to toss placid pitch Forms: plural: places –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– place placid v. to put; to lay; to lodge; to nominate; to appoint adj. serene; quiet; peaceful; tranquil; relaxed; calm 111. plaid112. plain Forms: laced; placed; placing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plaid plain n. colorful fabric with a pattern of square s and crossbars adv. simply; in an unembellished manner; clearly 113. plain114. plain Forms: plural: plaids –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plain plain n. plateau; area of level ground; prairie; savanna adj. clear; evident; simple; flat; smooth 115. plan116. plan Forms: plural: plains –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 152 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words plan plan n. program; scheme; agenda; timetable; schedule v. to make a scheme; to plot; to design; to contrive; to think up Forms: planned; planned; planned 117. plane118. plane Forms: plural: plans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plane plane adj. flat, level; even n. type of aircraft; two-dimensional surface; rank; level 119. plane120. plant Forms: plural: planes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plane plant v. to smooth wood; to make smooth; to remove rough n. small vegetable growth; factory; equipment areas Forms: plural: plants 121. plant122. plate Forms: planed; planed; planing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– board Forms: planted; planted; planting 123. n. flat dish for serving food; portion; covering, coating; establish; to set plate124. plate v. to sow; to place seeds or vegetation into soil; to plc plant Forms: plural: plates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 125. abbr. public limited liability company in Britain Forms: plated; plated; plating pleased126. plc v. to cover with a thin layer of metal; to coat with metal pleasure plate Forms: public limited company –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pleased pleasure adj. content; satiated; having one's desires satisfied n. enjoyment; amusement; entertainment; delight; joy 127. pleasure128. plug Forms: plural: pleasures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pleasure plug v. to cause someone enjoyment n. cork; stopper; electrical connector; block; advertisement 129. plug130. plumber Forms: pleasured; pleasured; pleasuring Forms: plural: plugs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 131. n. person who works with pipe and water systems Forms: plugged; plugged; plugging pocket132. plumber v. to cap; to cork; to stop up; to block; to advertise pocket plug Forms: plural: plumbers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 153 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words pocket pocket adj. small; of a pouch n. pouch used to carry objects; sac; underground deposit of oil 133. pocket134. point Forms: plural: pockets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135. n. spot; tip; essence; gist; matter Forms: pocketed; pocketed; pocketing point136. point v. to profit; to roll a ball into a hole (Billiards) pointer pocket Forms: plural: points –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– point pointer v. to indicate; to emphasize; to sharpen; to direct n. indicator; something used to point; hand on a clock; clue; advice Forms: plural: pointers 137. policy138. polite Forms: pointed; pointed; pointing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– policy polite n. course or method of action; guidelines; position; adj. courteous; having good manners; gentle; genial; kind standpoint; insurance contract 139. poll140. poll Forms: plural: policies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– poll poll n. voting, electing; counting of votes; number of votes; v. to vote; to elect; to count votes; to make a survey referendum 141. pollution142. ponder Forms: plural: polls Forms: polled; polled; polling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 143. v. to reflect; to think; to consider; to meditate Forms: plural: pollutions population144. ponder n. contamination; dirtying; soiling; spoiling; destruction portable pollution Forms: pondered; pondered; pondering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– population portable n. total number of people living in an area adj. mobile; movable; can be transported from one place to another 145. portfolio146. pose Forms: plural: populations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 147. n. stance Forms: plural: portfolios pose148. pose n. briefcase; attache case; list of securities and stocks position portfolio Forms: plural: poses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 154 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 149. n. viewpoint, opinion; siting; locus; location; place; job Forms: posed; posed; posing position150. position v. to stance possess pose Forms: plural: positions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– position possess v. to erect; to set; to put; to place v. to control; to dominate; to hold; to own; to have as property Forms: possessed; possessed; possessing 151. possession152. possibility Forms: positioned; positioned; positioned –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 153. n. probability; feasibility; chance; likelihood Forms: plural: possessions possible154. possibility n. custody; property; asset; control; ownership post possession Forms: plural: possibilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 155. post156. post adj. could be; might be; may be post possible pref. after; later; subsequent to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 157. v. to assign to a duty; to station; to publicize; to advertise Forms: plural: posts postage158. post n. mail; column; opinion; role; job placement posting post Forms: posted; posted; posting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 159. n. message sent to a newsgroup or mailing list (Internet) Forms: no plural postmaster160. posting n. fee for sending letters or packages by mail postpone postage Forms: plural: postings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– until later; to stay Forms: plural: postmasters 161. v. to put off to a later time; to delay; to defer; to put off electronic mail on a network (Computers) posture162. postpone n. mail manager, person responsible for managing posture postmaster Forms: postponed; postponed; postponing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 163. v. to pretend; to feign Forms: plural: postures potency164. posture n. viewpoint; stance; condition; state; mood; attitude potential posture Forms: postured; postured; posturing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 165. n. possibility; ability; capability of being Forms: plural: potencies potential166. potential n. power; strength; force; capacity to be pounce potency Forms: plural: potentials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 155 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words potential pounce adj. possible; capable of becoming; able to be n. act of suddenly swooping down and grabbing; sudden assault or attack 167. pounce168. powerful Forms: plural: pounces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pounce powerful v. to fall on; to storm; to invade; to attack; to seize; to adj. exerting great force; effective; potent; producing the assault desired effect; influential 169. practical170. practice Forms: pounced; pounced; pouncing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– practical practice adj. feasible; workable; applicable; useful; efficacious v. to exercise; to train; to drill 171. practice172. precede Forms: practiced; practiced; practicing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 173. v. to go before; to be in front; to be ahead of; to predate Forms: plural: practices precise174. precede n. customary action; habit; drill; training exercise precisely practice Forms: preceded; preceded; preceding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 175. precondition176. precisely adj. exact; not more and not less; meticulous; strict precondition precise adv. exactly; accurately; definitely; certainly; surely –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 177. n. advance stipulation; preliminary terms Forms: preconditioned; preconditioned; preconditioning predict178. precondition v. to train in advance predictable precondition Forms: plural: preconditions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– predict predictable v. to prophesy; to foretell; to announce in advance adj. can be prophesied; can be foretold 179. predisposition180. predominate Forms: predict; predict; predicting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 181. v. to control to rule over; to be superior Forms: plural: predispositions preempt182. predominate n. sensitivity; susceptibility (to disease, etc.) preface predisposition Forms: predominated; predominated; predominating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– preempt preface v. to occupy a place; to take a place; to obtain at an v. to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword advance opportunity 183. preface184. prefer Forms: preempted; preempted; preempting Forms: prefaced; prefaced; prefacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 156 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 185. v. to hold superior; to appoint; to nominate; to like better Forms: plural: prefaces preference186. prefer n. introduction; foreword; opening statement prejudice preface Forms: preferred; preferred; preferring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– preference prejudice n. favor; liking; fondness; priority; superior status v. to express a preconceived opinion; to express one's biases Forms: prejudiced; prejudiced; prejudicing 187. prejudice188. premises Forms: plural: preferences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– belonging to it Forms: plural: prejudices 189. n. property; site; area; grounds; building with the grounds the circumstances premium190. premises n. bias; sentence passed before proper examination of prepaid prejudice Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– premium prepaid n. supplementary charge; additional charge; amount paid adj. remunerated ahead of time; settled beforehand via for insurance; reward payment 191. prepare192. prerogative Forms: plural: premia or premiums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prepare prerogative v. to make ready; to get oneself ready; to put into the n. right; special privilege proper condition 193. prescription194. present Forms: prepared; prepared; preparing Forms: plural: prerogatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prescription present n. written order for a medication; instruction; directive; v. to display; to demonstrate; to bestow; to grant order; command 195. present196. present Forms: plural: prescriptions Forms: presented; presented; presenting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– present present adj. existent; in attendance; on hand; of the current times; n. gift; offering; something that is given to another person pertaining to the current times without compensation 197. preserve198. preserve Forms: plural: presents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 157 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words preserve preserve n. area of land set aside to protect natural resources and v. to guard; to keep safe; to keep; to defend; to protect wildlife Forms: preserved; preserved; preserving 199. president200. press Forms: plural: preserves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– president press n. head; leader; chairman; chief v. to push; to iron; to remove creases or wrinkles; to confiscate for public or government use Forms: pressed; pressed; pressing 201. press202. pressure Forms: plural: presidents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– press pressure n. journals and newspapers collectively; act or process of v. to apply force or weight; to push; to stress printing Forms: pressured; pressured; pressuring 203. pressure204. presume Forms: plural: presses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pressure presume n. exertion of force; application of weight; weight; burden; v. to take for granted; to dare; to venture; to take liberties; 205. pretend206. to permit oneself Forms: plural: pressures pretend encumbrance Forms: presumed; presumed; presuming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pretend pretend v. to impersonate; to act in a role; to claim; to assert adj. simulated; feigned; make-believe 207. pretense208. pretense Forms: pretended; pretended; pretending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 209. n. feigning; impersonation; false show; claim; assertion Forms: pretensed; pretensed; pretensing pretentious210. pretense v. to feign; to impersonate; to put on a false show pretty pretense Forms: plural: pretenses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pretentious pretty adj. impersonating; putting on a false appearance; adv. moderately; quite; rather; to some extent 211. prevail212. prevalent feigning; arrogant; haughty –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prevail prevalent v. to win; to succeed; to overcome; to surpass; to prove adj. common; widespread; current superior 213. prevent214. preventive Forms: prevailed; prevailed; prevailing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 158 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words prevent preventive v. to cause not to happen; to avert; to delay; to impede; to n. safeguard; something used to avert an unwanted 215. preventive216. situation Forms: prevented; prevented; preventing previous hinder Forms: plural: preventives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 217. previously218. previous adj. averting; avoiding; delaying; inhibiting price preventive adj. earlier; antecedent; hasty; premature –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– previously price adv. before; at an earlier time; in the past; antecedently n. cost; value; worth; rate; measure 219. price220. priceless Forms: plural: prices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– price priceless v. to give a cost to something adj. invaluable; beyond any expressible value; very expensive 221. primarily222. prime Forms: priced; priced; pricing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 223. prime224. prime adv. chiefly; principally; mainly; initially principal primarily adj. major; chief; select; of the highest quality; excellent –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prime principal n. state of perfection; state of highest quality adj. chief; head; leading; primary; main 225. principal226. principle Forms: plural: primes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– principal principle n. school director; school master; capital sum (Finance) n. doctrine; tenet; precept; fundamental law; primary law on which other laws are based 227. printer228. prior Forms: plural: principals Forms: plural: principles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– printer prior n. computer peripheral used for exporting documents to adj. earlier; antecedent; former paper 229. prior230. prioritize Forms: plural: printers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 159 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words prior prioritize n. officer of a monastery; high-ranking member of a v. to organize according to importance religious order Forms: prioritized; prioritized; prioritizing 231. priority232. privacy Forms: plural: priors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– priority privacy n. preference; precedence; higher rank; privileged n. seclusion; solitude; reclusion; secrecy; confidentiality position; seniority Forms: plural: privacies 233. private234. private Forms: plural: priorities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– private private adj. intimate; for or pertaining to a small group of people; n. soldier of the three lowest military ranks personal; of an individual 235. privatize236. privilege Forms: plural: privates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– benefits Forms: privatized; privatized; privatizing 237. v. to grant special rights; to give special advantages or powers privilege238. privilege v. to transfer control from governmental to individual prize privatize Forms: privileged; privileged; privileging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assess worth Forms: plural: privileges 239. v. to appreciate; to esteem; to respect; to appraise; to advantage prize240. prize n. special individual right not enjoyed by others; benefit; probably privilege Forms: prized; prized; prizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prize probably adj. valuable; unique; outstanding; award-winning adv. almost certainly; very likely; apparently; in all 241. procedure242. proceed likelihood –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– move forward Forms: plural: procedures 243. v. to continue; to carry on; to advance; to progress; to sequence of instructions (Computers) process244. proceed n. routine; protocol; course of action; subroutine; process procedure Forms: proceeded; proceeded; proceeding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 245. n. routine; course of action; advance; summons to court Forms: processed; processed; processing procure246. process v. to treat; to adapt; to prepare; to make ready procurement process Forms: plural: processes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 160 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 247. n. purchase; sale; acquisition Forms: procured; procured; procuring product248. procurement v. to obtain; to acquire; to get; to buy; to purchase production procure Forms: plural: procurements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 249. n. manufacture; assembly; output; yield Forms: plural: products productivity250. production n. result of manufacturing; goods; merchandise profession product Forms: plural: productions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– productivity profession n. a measurement of output per hours worked; n. vocation; skilled occupation; declaration; proclamation creativeness; fruitfulness; prolificness Forms: plural: professions 251. professional252. professional Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– professional professional adj. of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled n. person who works in a skilled occupation; specialist occupations 253. proficiency254. profit Forms: plural: professionals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– service; to be beneficial Forms: no plural 255. v. to earn income; to make financial gains; to be of adeptness; masterfulness profit256. profit n. expertise; state of having expert skills; skillfulness; profitable proficiency Forms: profited; profited; profiting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– profit profitable n. earnings; financial gain; benefit; advantage; privilege adj. lucrative; paying; rewarding; beneficial; producing income 257. profuse258. profusion Forms: plural: profits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– profuse profusion adj. plentiful; abundant; generous; extravagant; wasteful n. plentifulness; abundance; numerousness; plurality 259. program260. program Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– program program v. to schedule; to plan; to write a system of operating n. schedule; agenda; written order of events instructions for a computer 261. programmer262. progress Forms: programmed; programmed; programming Forms: plural: programs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 161 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words programmer progress n. person who creates sets of instructions for a computer v. to advance; to move forward; to gain or other device Forms: progressed; progressed; progressing 263. progress264. prohibit Forms: plural: programmers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prevent Forms: no plural 265. v. to outlaw; to forbid by law; to interdict; to ban; to advancement project266. prohibit n. headway; forward movement; development; project progress Forms: prohibited; prohibited; prohibiting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 267. n. plan; scheme; program; task; assignment; activity Forms: projected; projected; projecting proliferate268. project v. to plan; to scheme; to send; to dispatch; to throw proliferation project Forms: plural: projects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proliferate proliferation v. to reproduce quickly; to multiply rapidly; to thrive; to n. rapid multiplication; rapid reproduction; prosperity grow quickly 269. prolific270. prolong Forms: proliferated; proliferated; proliferating Forms: plural: proliferations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prolific prolong adj. fruitful; productive; abundant; plentiful; multiplying; v. to extend; to lengthen producing fruit 271. promise272. promise Forms: prolonged; prolonged; prolonging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– basis for expectations Forms: promised; promised; promising 273. n. pledge; vow; declaration of intention; source of hope; oneself to a certain course of action promote274. promise v. to pledge; to give one's word; to vow; to commit promotional promise Forms: plural: promises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– promote promotional v. to further; to encourage sales; to aid; to help; to assist adj. of publicizing; of advancement; of encouragement; of fostering; of an enterprise 275. proof276. proof Forms: promoted; promoted; promoting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proof proof adj. resistant; invulnerable; impervious; sealed; durable v. to make resistant; to make impervious; to edit 277. propensity278. proper Forms: proofed; proofed; proofing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 162 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words propensity proper n. inclination; tendency; disposition; aptitude adj. correct; suitable; just; complete 279. property280. proposal Forms: plural: propensities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 281. n. suggestion; tender; plan; offer of marriage Forms: plural: properties propose282. proposal n. possessions; belongings; estate; assets; ownership proposition property Forms: plural: proposals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– propose proposition v. to suggest; to recommend; to tender; to make an offer n. offer; plan; theory; problem of marriage Forms: plural: propositions 283. prosaic284. prospect Forms: proposed; proposed; proposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prosaic prospect adj. common; regular; boring; tedious; dull v. to search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.) 285. prospect286. prospectus Forms: prospected; prospected; prospecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– securities investment for sale to the public Forms: plural: prospects 287. n. a document giving details about an offering of promise protect288. prospectus n. chance; probability of advancement or success; hope; protection prospect Forms: plural: prospectuses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 289. n. defense; shelter; safety Forms: protected; protected; protecting protocol290. protection v. to defend; to save from harm; to watch over; to guard proud protect Forms: plural: protections –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– protocol proud n. method of dealing with a certain subject; draft of a adj. arrogant; haughty; magnificent; impressive treaty 291. prove292. provide Forms: plural: protocols –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prove provide v. to substantiate with evidence; to demonstrate; to show v. to supply; to grant; to set; to offer clearly 293. provision294. provision Forms: proved; proved; proving Forms: provided; provided; providing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 163 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 295. n. supply; stock; measure; means; condition; stipulation Forms: provisioned; provisioned; provisioning proximity296. provision v. to supply with stock; to equip with supplies (esp. food) publication provision Forms: plural: provisions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proximity publication n. adjacency; nearness; closeness; vicinity n. process of producing and distributing printed material; act of advertising Forms: plural: publications 297. publicize298. publish Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– publicize publish v. to advertise; to bring to the attention of a large v. to produce and distribute printed material; to advertise audience Forms: published; published; publishing 299. publisher300. pull out Forms: publicized; publicized; publicizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– publisher pull out n. person or company that produces and distributes v. to remove; to withdraw; to abandon; to exit; to depart printed material 301. purchase302. purchase Forms: plural: publishers Forms: pulled out; pulled out; pulling out –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– purchase purchase n. something which has been bought; act of buying v. to buy; to acquire in exchange for money; to procure; to obtain 303. purpose304. purpose Forms: plural: purchases Forms: purchased; purchased; purchasing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 305. v. to intend; to plan; to design; to aim Forms: plural: purposes pursue306. purpose n. goal; aim; intention; objective pursuit purpose Forms: purposed; purposed; purposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 307. n. chase; quest; search; occupation; pastime Forms: pursued; pursued; pursuing pushy308. pursuit v. to chase after; to follow; to aspire to; to strive for pushy pursue Forms: plural: pursuits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pushy pushy adj. controlling; aggressive; extremely self-assertive; n. cat (Slang); feline bossy 309. put in310. put off Forms: plural: pushies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 164 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words put in put off v. to make an application; to enter; to let something or v. to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter someone enter Forms: put off; put off; putting off 311. put up with312. puzzle Forms: put in; put in; putting in –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– n. enigma; riddle; game; jigsaw Forms: put up with; put up with; putting up with 313. puzzle v. to tolerate; to be patient puzzle put up with Forms: plural: puzzles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– puzzle v. to mystify; to baffle; to confound; to confuse; to perplex Forms: puzzled; puzzled; puzzling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 165 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net Q 1. qualification2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words qualify Q moderate; to modify Forms: plural: qualifications 3. v. to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to stating one's abilities quality4. qualify n. fitness; suitability; limitation; diploma or certificate quality qualification Forms: qualified; qualified; qualifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quality quality n. degree of excellence; characteristic; attribute; adj. excellent; having superior characteristics; fine character; excellence 5. quantity6. quarter Forms: plural: qualities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quantity quarter n. amount; extent; measure; degree; size; magnitude n. one fourth; neighborhood; coin worth 25 cents; period of three months; district 7. quarter8. quarterly Forms: plural: quantities Forms: plural: quarters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quarter quarterly adj. being one fourth; having four equal parts adj. occurring every three months; taking place four times 9. quarterly10. queues a year –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quarterly queues adv. four times a year; once every three months v. to stand in line; to make a row 11. queues12. quiet Forms: queued; queued; queuing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– queues quiet n. line; file (British); row; braid; plait adj. silent; noiseless; peaceful; tranquil; still; lacking activity 13. quiet14. quotation Forms: plural: queues –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quiet quotation n. silence; noiselessness; stillness; tranquility; muteness; n. citation; passage taken from another source; 15. quote16. reference; commercial offer; statement of price Forms: no plural quote speechlessness Forms: plural: quotations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quote quote v. to cite; to state a price; to offer a price n. citation; commercial offer Forms: quoted; quoted; quoting Forms: plural: quotes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 166 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 1. R&D2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ROI R (derived by dividing the net income by total assets) Forms: research and development 3. abbr. method of measuring the profitability of a company products railroad4. ROI abbr. department in a company that develops new railroad R&D Forms: return on investment –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. n. path for a train made of parallel metal tracks Forms: railroaded; railroaded; railroading raise6. railroad v. to transport via locomotive; to convey by train raise railroad Forms: plural: railroads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. n. increase in salary; wage increase Forms: raised; raised; raising ranches8. raise v. to elevate; to lift; to excite; to arouse; to cause randomly raise Forms: plural: raises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ranches randomly n. farm with large pasture land for raising livestock adv. accidentally; by chance 9. range10. range Forms: plural: ranches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– range range v. to determine the scope of a target; to extend; to n. pasture; scope; extent; field; domain; assortment stretch; to vary 11. rank12. rank Forms: ranged; ranged; ranging Forms: plural: ranges –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rank rank adj. giving off a foul odor; fertile; productive; fruitful; v. to arrange in a line; to grade; to classify growing vigorously 13. rapidly14. rarely Forms: ranked; ranked; ranking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15. rate16. rarely adv. quickly; fast; swiftly rate rapidly adv. infrequently; not often; seldom –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rate rate v. to assess; to appraise; to determine value; to grade; to n. price; cost; speed; pace; tax classify; to sort 17. rather18. rational Forms: rated; rated; rating Forms: plural: rates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 19. adj. logical; reasonable; intelligent; prudent; expressible might as well reach20. rational adv. very quite; to a degree; somewhat; slightly; a bit; reach rather as a whole number (Mathematics) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 167 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words reach reach v. to arrive; to obtain; to procure; to extend the arm n. distance that an arm can extend outward Forms: plural: reaches 21. readership22. readiness Forms: reached; reached; reaching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– readership readiness n. total number of people who subscribe to a particular n. preparedness; willingness; promptness; quickness publication Forms: no plural 23. ready24. realization Forms: plural: readerships –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ready realization adj. prepared; set; eager; willing; quick; fast n. accomplishment; fulfillment 25. realize26. rear Forms: plural: realizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– realize rear v. to understand; to comprehend; to accomplish; to adj. back; hind convert into cash; to liquidate 27. rear28. reason Forms: realized; realized; realizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. v. to think; to consider logically; to argue; to claim Forms: plural: rears reason30. reason n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.) reasonable rear Forms: reasoned; reasoned; reasoning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reason reasonable n. cause; basis for action; intelligence; sense adj. rational; logical; intelligent; wise; plausible; likely; credible 31. rebound32. rebound Forms: plural: reasons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33. n. backlash Forms: rebounded; rebounded; rebounding rebuild34. rebound v. to spring back recant rebound Forms: plural: rebounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35. v. to give up; to renounce; to deny; to disavow; to retract Forms: rebuilt; rebuilt; rebuilding recap36. recant v. to reconstruct; to erect again receipt rebuild Forms: recanted; recanted; recanting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 168 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 37. v. to write a statement of purchases; to make a bill of sale Forms: recapped; recapped; recapping receipt38. receipt v. to summarize; to review with a short summary receive recap Forms: receipted; receipted; receipting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– receipt receive n. bill of sale; written statement of purchases v. to get; to accept; to absorb; to take in; to host; to accommodate Forms: received; received; receiving 39. recent40. reception Forms: plural: receipts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recent reception adj. new; fresh; late; of late times n. acceptance; event in which guests are formally welcomed by their host; check-in 41. receptionist42. recession Forms: plural: receptions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extending over a period of time Forms: plural: receptionists 43. n. a significant decline in general economic activity and upon their arrival recipient44. recession n. person who greets visitors or clients on the telephone reclaim receptionist Forms: plural: recessions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 45. v. to demand the return of property; to repossess Forms: plural: recipients recognition46. reclaim n. person who accepts; person who takes or gets recognizable recipient Forms: reclaimed; reclaimed; reclaiming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recognition recognizable n. acknowledgment; identification adj. identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished 47. recognize48. recommend Forms: plural: recognitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recognize recommend v. to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit v. to advocate; to endorse; to speak well of; to advise; to suggest 49. recommendation50. reconsider Forms: recognized; recognized; recognizing Forms: recommended; recommended; recommending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recommendation reconsider n. endorsement; approval; letter of reference; suggestion; v. to contemplate again advice 51. record52. record Forms: plural: recommendations Forms: reconsidered; reconsidered; reconsidering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 169 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words record record adj. comprising the best result ever attained n. list; evidence; best result ever attained; list of events or actions 53. recover54. recovery Forms: plural: records –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. n. recuperation; getting well; return Forms: recovered; recovered; recovering recruit56. recovery v. to get well; to get back; to regain; to obtain again recruit recover Forms: plural: recoveries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recruit recruit v. to enlist or draft new members; to gain; to obtain; to n. new member of a group; new employee procure 57. recruitment58. rectangle Forms: recruited; recruited; recruiting Forms: plural: recruits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59. n. parallelogram Forms: plural: recruitments rectify60. rectangle n. act of enlisting or drafting new members reduce recruitment Forms: plural: rectangles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. v. to lessen; to diminish; to decrease Forms: rectified; rectified; rectifying refer62. reduce v. to fix; to repair; to correct; to calibrate; to adjust reference rectify Forms: reduced; reduced; reducing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– refer reference v. to send; to direct; to ascribe to; to relate to; to apply to; v. to add a footnote; to place a note that directs readers 63. reference64. to another source of information (in a book, journal, etc.) Forms: referred; referred; referring reflect to call attention to Forms: referenced; referenced; referencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reference reflect n. comment; remark; ascription; mention; regard v. to mirror; to send back energy from a surface; to cause to return; to express 65. reflection66. refund Forms: plural: references Forms: reflected; reflected; reflecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reflection refund n. act of casting back a mirror image; act of sending back v. to return money; to reimburse; to repay; to finance 67. refund68. again Forms: plural: reflections refurbish energy from a surface; idea; concept Forms: refunded; refunded; refunding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 170 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words refund refurbish n. return of money; repayment; reimbursement v. to make new again; to renovate; to restore to good condition Forms: refurbished; refurbished; refurbishing 69. refusal70. refuse Forms: plural: refunds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. v. to decline; to deny; to reject Forms: plural: refusals refuse72. refuse n. denial; rejection regard refusal Forms: refused; refused; refusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– refuse regard n. garbage; trash; waste v. to look at; to concern; to relate to; to esteem; to appreciate; to consider Forms: regarded; regarded; regarding 73. regard74. regarding Forms: plural: refuses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regard regarding n. esteem; respect; thought; consideration; look; glance prep. with relation to 75. regardless76. regardless Forms: plural: regards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regardless regardless adj. inattentive; unmindful adv. without consideration for possible problems; 77. region78. registering anyway; in any case –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– region registering n. area; territory; domain; field; area of activity or interest; v. to record; to enroll; to have an effect; to have influence sphere 79. registering80. regress Forms: plural: regions Forms: registered; registered; registering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– registering regress n. list; record; regulator; gauge v. to move backward; to go back; to return to a previous condition 81. regular82. regular Forms: plural: registers Forms: regressed; regressed; regressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regular regular adj. occurring at fixed intervals; normal; usual; ordinary; n. frequent customer; repeat customer common 83. regularly84. regulate Forms: plural: regulars –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 171 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words regularly regulate adv. at fixed intervals; at evenly-spaced intervals; usually; v. to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific customarily level or condition 85. regulations86. rehearsal Forms: regulated; regulated; regulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 87. n. practice session for a performance Forms: plural: regulations rehearse88. rehearsal n. statute; law; act of controlling; management; direction reimburse regulations Forms: plural: rehearsals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– for an expense Forms: rehearsed; rehearsed; rehearsing 89. v. to repay; to refund; to compensate for a loss; to repay perfect it reimbursement90. reimburse v. to drill; to practice an action repeatedly in order to reinforce rehearse Forms: reimbursed; reimbursed; reimbursing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reimbursement reinforce n. act of paying back; repayment; compensation for a v. to strengthen; to fortify; to support; to increase loss; repayment for an expense 91. reinforcement92. reiterate Forms: plural: reimbursements Forms: reinforced; reinforced; reinforcing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reinforcement reiterate n. act of strengthening; reward or punishment designed v. to repeat; to say again; to restate to encourage or discourage a particular response 93. reject94. reject Forms: plural: reinforcements Forms: reiterated; reiterated; reiterating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reject reject v. to decline; to deny; to turn down n. something or someone that does not match up to standards; object of lower quality; outcast 95. relate96. relation Forms: rejected; rejected; rejecting Forms: plural: rejects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– association Forms: related; related; relating 97. n. narration; act of telling; family member; connection; have a good relationship with relationship98. relation v. to narrate; to tell; to make a connection between; to release relate Forms: plural: relations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 172 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words relationship release n. connection; association; closeness v. to set free; to emancipate; to make available to the general public; to surrender Forms: released; released; releasing 99. release100. relevant Forms: plural: relationships –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– release relevant n. freedom; liberation; newly distributed film (or record, adj. pertinent; related; connected to the current subject book, etc.); statement provided to the media 101. reliable102. relief Forms: plural: releases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reliable relief adj. credible; trustworthy; dependable n. easement; alleviation; liberation; aid; assistance 103. relinquish104. relocate Forms: plural: reliefs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– place Forms: relinquished; relinquished; relinquishing 105. v. to move to a different apartment; to move to a different abandon rely106. relocate v. to cede; to surrender; to give up; to forsake; to remain relinquish Forms: relocated; relocated; relocating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 107. v. to stay; to abide; to continue; to go on Forms: relied; relied; relying remark108. remain v. to depend on; to trust in remark rely Forms: remained; remained; remaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109. n. comment; observation; notice Forms: remarked; remarked; remarking remarkable110. remark v. to notice; to observe; to comment; to state; to say remember remark Forms: plural: remarks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remarkable remember adj. striking; noteworthy; extraordinary; exceptional v. to recall to the mind; to retain in one's mind; to have a recollection 111. remind112. remit Forms: remembered; remembered; remembering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 113. v. to forgive; to absolve; to release; to discharge Forms: reminded; reminded; reminding remit114. remit v. to cause to remember remote remind Forms: remitted; remitted; remitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 173 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words remit remote n. act of forgiving; discharging; dispatching adj. distant; located far away; secluded; isolated; aloof 115. removal116. remove Forms: plural: remits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rid of Forms: plural: removals 117. v. to take off; to shed; to take away; to eliminate; to get ejection; dismissal remove118. remove n. act of shedding; act of taking away; elimination; render removal Forms: removed; removed; removing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remove render n. degree of difference; promotion of a student to a higher v. to give; to submit; to transform; to represent; to depict grade Forms: rendered; rendered; rendering 119. renew120. renovation Forms: plural: removes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– condition Forms: renewed; renewed; renewing 121. n. act of repairing; renewal; act of restoring to good refresh renowned122. renovation v. to restore to good condition; to restart; to resume; to rent renew Forms: plural: renovations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– renowned rent adj. famous; prominent v. to let; to allow someone to use property in return for regular payments; to hire 123. rent124. rental Forms: rented; rented; renting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rent rental n. money paid for the use of property; rip; tear; laceration adj. available to lease or rent 125. rental126. repair Forms: plural: rents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rental repair n. money paid for the use of property; property that is v. to fix; to mend; to correct a problem or malfunction leased; act of leasing 127. repair128. repeat Forms: plural: rentals Forms: repaired; repaired; repairing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– repair repeat n. act of fixing; correction; act of mending adj. done over again 129. repeat130. repetition Forms: plural: repairs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 174 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 131. n. reiteration; act of redoing something Forms: plural: repeats replace132. repetition n. act of redoing something replacement repeat Forms: plural: repetitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– replace replacement v. to substitute for; to return something to a particular n. substitution; substitute position or location Forms: plural: replacements 133. replay134. replay Forms: replaced; replaced; replacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 135. n. rematch; repetition Forms: replayed; replayed; replaying reply136. replay v. to rebroadcast reply replay Forms: plural: replays –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 137. n. answer; response Forms: replied; replied; replying repo138. reply v. to answer; to respond report reply Forms: plural: replies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– repo report n. agreement in which the seller of securities agrees to n. detailed account of an occurrence or situation buy them back at a specified time and price 139. report140. represent Forms: plural: repos Forms: plural: reports –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– report represent v. to provide a detailed statement about an occurrence or v. to act as an agent on behalf of a person or 141. representative142. organization; to symbolize Forms: reported; reported; reporting representative situation; inform Forms: represented; represented; representing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– representative representative n. delegate; agent; person who acts on behalf of another adj. typical; characteristic; acting on behalf of another person or organization person or organization 143. reprove144. reputation Forms: plural: representatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 145. n. regard; esteem; renown Forms: reproved; reproved; reproving request146. reputation v. to accuse; to admonish request reprove Forms: plural: reputations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 175 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words request request n. petition; instance of asking for something; something v. to ask for; to petition for that is asked for; object of a petition Forms: requested; requested; requesting 147. require148. requirement Forms: plural: requests –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– is needed Forms: required; required; requiring 149. n. something that is demanded; necessity; something that command reschedule150. requirement v. to demand; to claim; to need; to call for; to order; to rescue require Forms: plural: requirements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reschedule rescue v. to set a new time and date n. deliverance; act of saving from danger or injury; act of freeing from risk Forms: plural: rescues 151. rescue152. research Forms: rescheduled; rescheduled; rescheduling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subject Forms: rescued; rescued; rescuing 153. n. comprehensive inquiry; extensive investigation of a risk research154. research v. to save from harm; to deliver from danger; to free from resemble rescue Forms: plural: researches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 155. similar appearance to Forms: researched; researched; researching reservation156. v. to be similar to; to be akin to; to look like; to have a closely reserve resemble v. to perform a thorough investigation; to study a subject requirement research Forms: resembled; resembled; resembling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– central banking system of the U.S. Forms: plural: reservations 157. n. minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the etc.) residence158. reserve requirement n. act of ordering in advance (hotel room, airline ticket, resident reservation Forms: plural: reserve requirements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– residence resident n. headquarters of a business; dwelling place; abode; adj. staying in a particular place; not migratory; intrinsic; home; domicile existing 159. resident160. residential Forms: plural: residences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 176 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words resident residential n. inhabitant; one who lives in a particular location adj. intended for inhabitation; occupied with homes 161. residual162. resign Forms: plural: residents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– residual resign adj. enduring; lasting; continuing; leftover; remaining v. to quit an office or position; to relinquish; to give up; to abdicate 163. resignation164. resilience Forms: resigned; resigned; resigning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– from sadness or failure; buoyancy Forms: plural: resignations 165. n. elasticity; cheerfulness; quality of quickly recovering position; relinquishment resist166. resilience n. act of quitting a position; letter stating that one quits a resist resignation Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 167. n. protective coating Forms: resisted; resisted; resisting resistance168. resist v. to oppose; to fight against; to challenge; to withstand resolute resist Forms: plural: resists –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resistance resolute n. opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding adj. determined; firm; steadfast the effects of 169. resolve170. resolve Forms: plural: resistances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resolve resolve v. to determine; to decide; to separate into constituent n. firm decision; ruling; decisiveness; determination parts 171. resonate172. resource Forms: resolved; resolved; resolving Forms: plural: resolves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resonate resource v. to echo n. supply; stock; means of accomplishing a goal; expedient 173. respect174. respect Forms: resonated; resonated; resonating Forms: plural: resources –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 175. n. honor; esteem; high regard; consideration; attention Forms: respected; respected; respecting respond176. respect v. to honor; to admire; to esteem; to hold in high regard response respect Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 177 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 177. n. reply; answer; reaction Forms: responded; responded; responding responsible178. response v. to answer; to reply; to react responsive respond Forms: plural: responses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– responsible responsive adj. dependable; reliable; accountable; liable adj. answering; reacting (esp. positively or 179. restriction180. resume sympathetically) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– restriction resume n. limitation; limit v. to recommence; to begin again; to retake; to take back; to continue Forms: resumed; resumed; resuming 181. resume182. retail Forms: plural: restrictions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resume retail n. summary; synopsis; abstract; CV; curriculum vitae adj. pertaining to the sale of goods to final consumers; of the sale of merchandise to end users 183. retail184. retailer Forms: plural: resumes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retail retailer n. sale of products to final consumers; sale of goods to n. person or business that sells goods to final consumers end users 185. reticent186. retire Forms: plural: retails Forms: plural: retailers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reticent retire adj. keeping quiet; reserved; showing self-restraint v. to withdraw from a position (usually due to old age); go into seclusion; to withdraw 187. retirement188. retrieval Forms: retired; retired; retiring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retirement retrieval n. withdrawal from one's job or occupation n. act of bringing back; restoration; act of finding information and sending it to the user as output 189. retrieve190. return Forms: plural: retirements Forms: plural: retrievals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retrieve return v. to recover; to regain; to bring back; to fetch; to rescue adj. reciprocal; done in response to a previous action; repeated; recurring 191. return192. reveal Forms: retrieved; retrieved; retrieving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 178 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words return reveal n. act of giving back; reply; answer; profit; yield; v. to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose repayment Forms: revealed; revealed; revealing 193. revenue194. revere Forms: plural: returns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– revenue revere n. income; return; gains; government income earned v. to respect deeply; to honor greatly through taxation Forms: revered; revered; revering 195. reverse196. reverse Forms: plural: revenues –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reverse reverse adj. having the back side exposed to view; opposite; n. opposite; contrary; back side; rear; setback; defeat contrary 197. review198. review Forms: plural: reverses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– review review n. survey; general study; examination; inspection v. to survey; to conduct a general study; to inspect; to examine; to reconsider 199. revise200. revise Forms: plural: reviews Forms: reviewed; reviewed; reviewing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– verify changes made and check for additional errors Forms: revised; revised; revising 201. n. act of making changes; alteration; proof sheet made to edit; to correct revive202. revise v. to make changes in order to improve something; to revolve revise Forms: plural: revises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contemplate Forms: revived; revived; reviving 203. v. to rotate; to turn; to spin; to encircle; to think about; to again reward204. revolve v. to resuscitate; to bring back to life; to put into action reward revive Forms: revolved; revolved; revolving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reward reward v. to recompense someone for a service n. prize; recompense; benefit received as payment for a service 205. rigorous206. rise Forms: rewarded; rewarded; rewarding Forms: plural: rewards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 179 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words rigorous rise adj. harsh; strict; severe; exact; precise v. to stand up; to get into an upright position; to climb; to ascend 207. rise208. rival Forms: rose; risen; rising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rise rival n. slope; incline; increase; ascent; raise in position or adj. being in competition; contending status; promotion; angry response 209. rival210. rivalry Forms: plural: rises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 211. n. competition; contention; act of competing Forms: plural: rivals robust212. rivalry n. competitor; opponent; contender rotten rival Forms: plural: rivalries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213. route214. rotten adj. strong; healthy route robust adj. decayed; decomposed; putrid; spoiled; despicable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215. v. to direct along a particular path; to chart a course Forms: plural: routes routine216. route n. track; path; customary series of stops during a trip routine route Forms: routed; routed; routing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– routine routine n. commonplace activity; everyday task; habit; custom; adj. commonplace; ordinary; usual; customary; habitual practice 217. royalties218. rubber Forms: plural: routines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– eraser Forms: plural: royalties 219. n. elastic material derived from of some tropical plants; his work that is sold rubber220. rubber n. percentage of profits paid to an artist for each copy of rule royalties Forms: plural: rubbers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rubber rule adj. composed of elastic material; made from caoutchouc n. law; custom; common practice; government; flat tool used for measuring distances 221. rule222. run Forms: plural: rules –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 180 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words rule run v. to govern; to control; to determine; to decide; to decree n. range; journey; track; path; series; sequence Forms: plural: runs 223. run224. rush Forms: ruled; ruled; ruling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– run rush v. to operate; to activate; to manage; to direct; to carry n. speed; haste; sudden increase in activity or speed out; to fulfill Forms: plural: rushes 225. rush Forms: ran; ran; running –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rush v. to hurry; to make haste; to act or move quickly; to cause to hurry Forms: rushed; rushed; rushing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 181 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 1. safety2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words salary S safety salary n. freedom from danger; quality of not causing injury or n. periodic wage paid to someone for work; pay loss; any security device 3. sale4. sales Forms: plural: safeties Forms: plural: salaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sale sales n. commercial transaction; instance of offering goods at a n. marketing; activities associated with selling a product 5. salient6. or service Forms: plural: sales salient reduced price; demand for merchandise; auction Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– salient salient n. angle that points outward adj. conspicuous; bulging outward; protruding; remarkable; noticeable 7. salvage8. salvage Forms: plural: salients –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9. v. to save from destruction; to rescue Forms: plural: salvages sample10. salvage n. act of rescuing; rescued items sample salvage Forms: salvaged; salvaged; salvaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sample sample n. specimen; small part of something; representative part v. to take a small portion of something as a specimen of a larger group 11. sanitary12. satisfaction Forms: plural: samples Forms: sampled; sampled; sampling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sanitary satisfaction adj. hygienic; clean; healthy n. gratification of a need; remuneration; fulfillment 13. satisfy14. save Forms: plural: satisfactions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– satisfy save v. to fulfill; to meet a request or requirement; to prep. except; besides; but compensate; to remunerate 15. save16. savvy Forms: satisfied; satisfied; satisfying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– save savvy n. action or instance in which the ball or puck is adj. experienced; knowledgeable (Slang) prevented from entering the goal 17. savvy18. saw Forms: plural: saves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 182 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words savvy saw n. understanding; wisdom; intelligence (Slang) n. tool for cutting consisting of a toothed blade; saying; maxim; proverb Forms: plural: saws 19. saw20. scale Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– saw scale v. to cut with a toothed blade n. progression of steps; table of graduated rates; system of marks used for measuring Forms: plural: scales 21. scale22. scan Forms: sawed; sawn; sawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scale scan v. to climb; to ascend; to weigh; to do according to a n. close examination; scrutinizing look particular ratio Forms: plural: scans 23. scan24. scanner Forms: scaled; scaled; scaling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scan scanner v. to convert an object or image into a digital image using n. peripheral device used to convert objects or images 25. scatterbrained26. into digital images (Computers) Forms: scanned; scanned; scanning scene an optical device to browse Forms: plural: scanners –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scatterbrained scene adj. unable to think in a clear and orderly manner; giddy n. place where an event occurs; vista; view or frivolous 27. scenery28. schedule Forms: plural: scenes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scenery schedule n. view; vista; panorama; set; backdrop used on stage to n. timetable; agenda; itinerary; plan portray a particular setting or locale 29. schedule30. science Forms: plural: sceneries Forms: plural: schedules –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– of systematic knowledge; skill; proficiency Forms: scheduled; scheduled; scheduling 31. n. system of knowledge gained by research; specific field for a certain date scope32. science v. to create a timetable; to enter into a timetable; to plan score schedule Forms: plural: sciences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 183 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words scope score n. range; extent; sphere; expanse n. group of twenty items; debt; account; bill; grade on a test Forms: plural: scores 33. score34. scramble Forms: plural: scopes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disorderly or chaotic proceeding Forms: scored; scored; scoring 35. n. climb over rough terrain; struggle for possession; tally; to grade a test scramble36. scramble v. to gain; to obtain; to earn a point (in a game, etc.); to scratch score Forms: plural: scrambles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scramble scratch v. to jumble; to mix together confusedly; to clamber; to n. abrasion; cut; score of zero; cash; money (Slang) climb on all fours Forms: plural: scratches 37. scratch38. screen Forms: scrambled; scrambled; scrambling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– picture is displayed Forms: scratched; scratched; scratching 39. n. part of a television or computer monitor where the cross out screen40. screen v. to rub; to achieve or obtain with difficulty; to delete; to scrupulous scratch Forms: plural: screens –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– screen scrupulous v. to cover with a curtain; to filter; to sift; to hide; to adj. moral; adhering to ethical principles; precise; strict; conceal; to separate exact 41. scrutinize42. seamlessly Forms: screened; screened; screening –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scrutinize seamlessly v. to examine; to investigate; to check closely; to inspect adv. smoothly; continuously; inconspicuously 43. search44. search Forms: scrutinized; scrutinized; scrutinizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– search search n. quest; hunt; instance of looking for something; v. to hunt for; to look for; to investigate; to examine investigation; examination 45. season46. season Forms: plural: searches Forms: searched; searched; searching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 184 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words become experienced Forms: plural: seasons 47. v. to spice; to flavor; to accustom; to acclimatize; to summer, autumn) second48. season n. one of the four quarters of the year (winter, spring, second season Forms: seasoned; seasoned; seasoning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– second second v. to support a proposal or statement; to endorse; to adj. next after the first; alternate; other; additional; approve; to help; to assist subordinate; having a lower rank 49. secret50. secret Forms: seconded; seconded; seconding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– secret secret n. information that is confidential or classified; mystery; adj. classified; confidential; clandestine; covert; hidden; unexplained phenomenon latent 51. section52. section Forms: plural: secrets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 53. v. to divide; to split Forms: plural: sections secure54. section n. part; district; paragraph; passage; department; unit secure section Forms: sectioned; sectioned; sectioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– secure secure v. to obtain; to protect; to defend; to strengthen adj. safe; protected; strong; stable; confident 55. security56. seek Forms: secured; secured; securing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 57. v. to go in search of; to look for; to search for; to request Forms: plural: securities seem58. seek n. safety; pledge; guarantee; stock; bond segment security Forms: sought; sought; seeking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– seem segment v. to appear to be; to look like; to give the impression of; n. part; portion; slice; piece to have the appearance of 59. segment60. select Forms: seemed; seemed; seeming Forms: plural: segments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. v. to choose; to pick out Forms: segmented; segmented; segmenting select62. select v. to partition; to be partitioned selection segment Forms: selected; selected; selecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 185 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words select selection adj. chosen; picked out; choice; superior; prime; picky n. choice; assortment; collection of items available to choose 63. self-employed64. semester Forms: plural: selections –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– self-employed semester adj. independent; independent contractor; business n. one of the two periods of an academic year (usually owner; person who is not a hired laborer 15-18 weeks) 65. seminar66. senior Forms: plural: semesters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. n. person of higher rank; older person; elder Forms: plural: seminars senior68. senior n. educational meeting; training session sense seminar Forms: plural: seniors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– senior sense adj. older; elder; having a higher rank; aged n. any of the five faculties of perception; perception; recognition; awareness 69. sense70. sensible Forms: plural: senses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sense sensible v. to feel; to perceive; to apprehend; to understand adj. rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant; aware 71. sensitive72. separate Forms: sensed; sensed; sensing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sensitive separate adj. having the capacity for feeling; susceptible to v. to segregate; to set apart; to split; to divide; to external influences or agents disconnect 73. separate74. sequence Forms: separated; separated; separating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– separate sequence adj. detached; disconnected; distinct; set apart n. progression; succession; order; arrangement 75. series76. serious Forms: plural: sequences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– series serious n. sequence; succession; television program broadcast in adj. solemn; acute; critical; requiring much consideration; installments humorless; grim 77. serve78. serve Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 186 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 79. v. to tend to; to attend; to work; to perform a duty or task Forms: plural: serves service80. serve n. opening stroke or hit of the ball (Sports) service serve Forms: served; served; serving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– service service n. act of providing; act of offering; work; labor; function; adj. useful; providing assistance; repairing; performing role; offer maintenance tasks 81. session82. set Forms: plural: services –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– session set n. meeting; assembly; term; semester n. system; group of items; collection; posture; carriage; series; sequence Forms: plural: sets 83. set84. set out Forms: plural: sessions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– set set out adj. fixed; arranged; prepared; resolute; firmly resolved; v. to display; to undertake; to attempt; to begin a journey; determined in advance to arrange 85. set up86. setback Forms: set out; set out; setting out –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– set up setback v. to establish; to start; to found; to being; to raise n. obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders progress 87. setup88. several Forms: set up; set up; setting up Forms: plural: setbacks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– setup several n. arrangement; structure; organization; hoax; adj. some; few; separate; distinct; individual; various configuration of hardware or software (Computers) 89. severe90. severely Forms: plural: setups –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 91. shape92. severely adj. serious; grave; acute; difficult; rigorous; harsh; strict shape severe adv. seriously; gravely; acutely; critically –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 93. v. to design; to mold; to form; to direct; to be formed Forms: plural: shapes share94. shape n. form; model; image; condition; fitness; mold share shape Forms: shaped; shaped; shaping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 187 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words share share n. part; portion; quota; allocation; issue of stock v. to divide; to apportion; to receive a portion; to participate Forms: shared; shared; sharing 95. shareholder96. sharp Forms: plural: shares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 97. n. sewing needle; swindler; cheater; professional gambler Forms: plural: shareholders sharp98. sharp n. person or organization that owns part of a company shelf shareholder Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sharp shelf adj. having a thin edge intended for cutting; sudden; n. a support that consists of a horizontal surface for clear; smart holding objects; projection; rock ledge; sandbank 99. ship100. ship Forms: plural: shelves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– etc.); to embark Forms: plural: ships 101. v. to send; to dispatch; to transport (by airplane, truck, spacecraft shipment102. ship n. large vessel made for sailing on the sea; aircraft; shipping ship Forms: shipped; shipped; shipping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shipment shipping n. sending of cargo or freight n. business of sending or transporting cargo; sea voyage (Archaic) 103. shipyard104. shop Forms: plural: shipments Forms: plural: shippings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 105. n. small retail store; studio; business; office; outlet Forms: plural: shipyards shop106. shop n. place where vessels are built and repaired shortage shipyard Forms: plural: shops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shop shortage v. to visit a store and purchase goods; to browse in a n. lack; scarcity; deficit; deficiency store; to inform on; to betray (British Slang) 107. should108. shredder Forms: shopped; shopped; shopping Forms: plural: shortages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– small strips or pieces Forms: modal verb 109. n. device used to destroy documents by cutting them into the statement) shrewdness110. shredder v. must (indicating duty or obligation); would (softening sick should Forms: plural: shredders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 188 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words shrewdness sick n. intelligence; ability to think in a clever manner adj. ill; nauseous; feeling the need to vomit; disgusted; fed up 111. sight112. sight Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sight sight n. vision; ability to see; look; glimpse; spectacle v. to see with the eyes; to view; to notice; to discern; to observe Forms: sighted; sighted; sighting 113. sign114. sign Forms: plural: sights –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sign sign n. mark; symbol; indication; hint; trace; notice; v. to mark; to indicate; to write one's name advertisement Forms: signed; signed; signing 115. significance116. significant Forms: plural: signs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– significance significant n. meaning; sense; quality of having meaning adj. important; consequential; meaningful; having meaning; of a considerable amount 117. signification118. signify Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– to convey Forms: plural: significations 119. v. to represent; to indicate; to communicate; to express; pointing out similar120. signify n. meaning; sense; importance; consequence; act of simple signification Forms: signified; signified; signifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– similar simple adj. alike; having common qualities; comparable n. stupid person substance unmixed with other substances; commoner 121. simple122. simulate Forms: plural: simples –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– simple simulate adj. easy; uncomplicated; modest; ordinary; plain v. to copy; to pretend; to fake 123. simulation124. sincere Forms: simulated; simulated; simulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 189 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words simulation sincere n. act of pretending; counterfeit; imitation of the operation adj. honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine; or features of one system using an other system earnest 125. sincerely126. sink Forms: plural: simulations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sincerely sink adv. honestly; genuinely; earnestly; faithfully n. wash basin; sewer; drain; cesspool; place where criminals gather 127. sink128. site Forms: plural: sinks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sink site v. to submerge; to fall down below the surface (especially n. place; location; area in water) Forms: plural: sites 129. site130. situation Forms: sunk; sunk; sinking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– site situation v. to locate n. condition; circumstance; location; position; job; place of employment 131. size132. size Forms: sited; sited; siting Forms: plural: situations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 133. v. to arrange according to dimension Forms: plural: sizes skill134. size n. spatial dimension; measurement; extent; degree skim size Forms: sized; sized; sizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– layer Forms: plural: skills 135. n. a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid; film; thin that requires special training skim136. skim n. ability; aptitude; proficiency; expertise; craft or trade skirting skill Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– skim skirting v. read superficially; to cause an object to skip across the n. act of going around; avoidance; evasion surface of a liquid 137. slander138. slander Forms: skimmed; skimmed; skimming Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 190 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words to defame; to vilify; to malign Forms: no plural 139. v. to make false and injurious statements about another; defamation; calumny slantwise140. slander n. false and injurious statements made about another; slantwise slander Forms: slandered; slandered; slandering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 141. slash142. slantwise adj. sloping; inclined slash slantwise adv. at an angle; obliquely; in a slanting direction –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– criticize strongly Forms: plural: slashes 143. v. to cut with a sharp quick stroke; to reduce; to lower; to reduction; decrease slice144. slash n. punctuation mark in the form of a diagonal line (/); slice slash Forms: slashed; slashed; slashing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 145. v. to cut into portions; to cleave Forms: plural: slices slip146. slice n. thin piece cut from a larger object; portion; share slip slice Forms: sliced; sliced; slicing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slip slip n. slide; stumble; mistake; blunder; error v. to glide; to sneak; to slide; to decline; to deteriorate; to make a mistake 147. slogan148. slope Forms: plural: slips Forms: slipped; slipped; slipping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– degree to which a surface deviates from the vertical Forms: plural: slogans 149. n. side of a hill; incline; upward or downward slant; advertising slope150. slope n. motto; catchword; attention getting phrase used in slot slogan Forms: plural: slopes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slope slot v. to incline; to slant upward or downward; to cause to tilt n. notch; narrow opening; place; position (within a system, etc.) 151. slot152. slump Forms: sloped; sloped; sloping Forms: plural: slots –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collapse Forms: slotted; slotted; slotting 153. n. recession; sudden decrease; drooping posture; slouch; an organization, system, etc.) slump154. slump v. to notch; to groove; to assign to a place or position (in small slot Forms: plural: slumps –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 191 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words slump small v. to collapse; to decline; to decrease; to deteriorate; to adj. little; few in number; trivial; unimportant; modest settle 155. small156. smart Forms: slumped; slumped; slumping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– small smart adv. softly; in a low voice; without strength or force; n. sharp stinging pain weakly; into little pieces 157. smart158. smoothly Forms: plural: smarts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– smart smoothly adj. intelligent; clever; shrewd; lively; fashionable; stylish adv. gently; without roughness or projections; evenly; 159. sneakers160. soar calmly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sneakers soar n. sports shoe; one who moves about stealthily; one who v. to glide; to fly upward; to ascend; to increase; to rise acts furtively 161. society162. society Forms: plural: sneakers Forms: soared; soared; soaring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– society society n. association; organization; community; rich upper class; adj. of or pertaining to the upper class fellowship; companionship 163. software164. solace Forms: plural: societies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– software solace n. programs which control the functions of a computer's n. consolation; relief from distress; source of comfort hardware 165. solace166. solely Forms: no plural Forms: plural: solaces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– solace solely v. to comfort; to console; to encourage; to relieve; to adv. only; exclusively; merely appease 167. solicit168. solve Forms: solaced; solaced; solacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– solicit solve v. to try and obtain something through persuasion or v. to find the answer to; to explain earnest requests 169. somber170. sophisticated Forms: solicited; solicited; soliciting Forms: solved; solved; solving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 192 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 171. sort172. sophisticated adj. gloomy; dark; depressing; sad; mournful sort somber adj. refined; cultured; complex; intricate; complicated –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sort sort n. type; kind; character; manner; quality v. to classify; to organize; to separate from others; to clarify Forms: sorted; sorted; sorting 173. sound174. sound Forms: plural: sorts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sound sound n. vibrations that can be detected by the human ear; adj. whole; healthy; in good condition; sane; firm; valid noise; vocal utterance 175. source176. source Forms: plural: sounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– source source n. origin; starting point v. to originate from; to reveal the origin of something; to obtain from a particular supplier 177. space178. space Forms: plural: sources Forms: sourced; sourced; spacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 179. v. to set some distance apart Forms: plural: spaces span180. space n. universe; empty area; gap; area; interval span space Forms: spaced; spaced; spacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– span span n. length; distance; duration; period of time v. to extend across; to stretch from one point another; to bridge 181. special182. special Forms: plural: spans Forms: spanned; spanned; spanning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– special special n. reduced price; sale on particular items; extra adj. unusual; exceptional; unique; particular; highly newspaper edition valued 183. specialize184. specialty Forms: plural: specials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– specialize specialty v. to devote oneself to a particular profession or field of n. distinguishing mark; unique ability; area of expertise study; to limit 185. specification186. specify Forms: specialized; specialized; specializing Forms: plural: specialties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 193 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words stipulate Forms: plural: specifications 187. v. to indicate; to itemize; to mark; to designate; to or plans speech188. specify n. item or detail included in a description of requirements speed specification Forms: specified; specified; specifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– speech speed n. speaking ability; something that is communicated orally n. quickness; velocity; transmission gear in a motor vehicle Forms: plural: speeds 189. speed190. spend Forms: plural: speeches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– etc.) Forms: sped; sped; speeding 191. v. to expend; to disburse; to put out (money, resources, further; to hurry splendid192. spend v. to accelerate; to cause to move quickly; to expedite; to sponsor speed Forms: spent; spent; spending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– splendid sponsor adj. wonderful; excellent; marvelous; grand; elegant; n. one who donates money; person or organization that magnificent promotes or supports (an event, program, candidate, etc.) 193. sponsor194. sporadic Forms: plural: sponsors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sponsor sporadic v. to back; to support; to finance; to subsidize; to promote adj. irregular; fitful; occasional; infrequent 195. spot196. spot Forms: sponsored; sponsored; sponsoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– spot spot n. roundish stain; speck; place; awkward or difficult adj. made or done immediately; paid at once; performed situation; predicament randomly 197. spread198. spread Forms: plural: spots –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– distribute Forms: plural: spreads 199. v. to open; to extend; to apply a layer on; to scatter; to covers two pages spy200. spread n. expansion; growth; range; story or advertisement that spy spread Forms: spread; spread; spreading –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 194 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words examine Forms: plural: spies 201. v. to provide secret information about another country; to gathers information about other people square202. spy n. secret agent; person who secretly investigates and square spy Forms: spied; spied; spying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– square square n. geometric figure having four equal sides; plaza adj. having four equal sides enclosing four equal angles 203. stable204. stable Forms: plural: squares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stable stable n. structure in which horses and other animals are adj. steady; firm; lasting; dependable; faithful housed 205. stack206. stack Forms: plural: stables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 207. v. to place one thing on top of another in a heap; to pile Forms: plural: stacks staff208. stack n. heap; tall bookshelf; chimney staff stack Forms: stacked; stacked; stacking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– employees; to man Forms: plural: staffs 209. v. to employ a group of workers; to provide with crew; team stage210. staff n. employees working in an organization; personnel; stage staff Forms: staffed; staffed; staffing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 211. v. to perform; to present; to carry out; to execute Forms: plural: stages stake212. stage n. raised platform; resting place on a journey; phase stake stage Forms: staged; staged; staging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213. v. to risk; to gamble; to finance; to underwrite Forms: plural: stakes stall214. stake n. wager; bet; investment; share stall stake Forms: staked; staked; staking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215. stance216. v. to put into a stable; to delay; to check the progress of Forms: plural: stalls stand stall n. stand; booth; pen; pretext to delay out stall Forms: stalled; stalled; stalling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 195 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words stance stand out n. physical position or bearing; opinion; attitude v. to be conspicuous; to be noticeable; to project; to protrude Forms: stood out; stood out; standing out 217. standard218. standard Forms: plural: stances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– standard standard n. model; criterion; norm; average; commodity which adj. serving as a model; normal; regular; typical; widely backs a monetary system accepted 219. standpoint220. staple Forms: plural: standards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 221. n. metal clip for binding papers; essential element Forms: plural: standpoints staple222. staple n. outlook; perspective; view; opinion; attitude state standpoint Forms: plural: staples –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– staple state adj. essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of n. condition; phase; mood; splendor; nation goods or products) 223. state224. statement Forms: plural: states –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– state statement adj. governmental; bureaucratic; majestic; dignified n. declaration; allegation; official account 225. station226. station Forms: plural: statements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– station station n. position; place where a person or thing is usually v. to assign to a particular post or position; to appoint found; headquarters; broadcast frequency 227. stationary228. stationery Forms: plural: stations Forms: stationed; stationed; stationing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stationary stationery adj. still; fixed in place; static; settled; tending to stay in n. paper used for writing letters one place 229. statistics230. status Forms: plural: stationeries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– statistics status n. organization and interpretation of numerical data n. individual's social or professional standing; position; rank; present situation 231. stay232. stay Forms: only plural Forms: plural: statuses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 196 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words stay stay n. act of halting; visit; temporary residence; suspension of v. to visit; to spend time in a place; to remain temporarily; 233. steadfast234. to lodge Forms: plural: stays stem a legal proceeding Forms: stayed; stayed; staying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– steadfast stem adj. loyal; faithful; unchanging n. central stalk of a plant; petiole 235. stem236. step Forms: plural: stems –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stem step v. to arise; to come from; to originate; to stop; to check n. movement made by lifting the foot and setting it down in another place; stair; stage in a process Forms: plural: steps 237. step238. sternly Forms: stemmed; stemmed; stemming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– step sternly pref. related to by the remarriage of a parent and not by adv. strictly; firmly 239. still240. still blood –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– still still n. silence; quiet; photograph adj. quiet; tranquil; calm; motionless 241. stipendiary242. stipulate Forms: plural: stills –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stipendiary stipulate adj. receiving of a regular or fixed payment v. to require that certain conditions be met before the signing of a contract; to specify; to require 243. stock244. stock Forms: stipulated; stipulated; stipulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stock stock n. supply of goods; inventory; share; company's capital adj. available on a regular basis; employed to handle divided into shares merchandise or goods 245. stop246. stop Forms: plural: stocks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 247. v. to halt; to cease; to quit; to close; to block; to impede Forms: plural: stops store248. stop n. cessation; end; visit; obstacle; hindrance store stop Forms: stopped; stopped; stopping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 197 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words store store n. shop; place where merchandise is sold; supply of v. to amass; to accumulate; to supply; to equip goods or materials set aside for future use Forms: stored; stored; storing 249. story250. straight Forms: plural: stores –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– story straight n. true or fictional account of some occurrence; short n. line that is not curved; section that is not curved work of fiction; plot; news report Forms: plural: straights 251. straight252. straightforward Forms: plural: stories –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– straight straightforward adj. having no curves or bends; frank; continuous; adj. frank; candid; sincere; honest; simple; uncomplicated 253. strap254. strategy honest; consistent –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– strap strategy v. to tie with a narrow piece of leather; to lash n. plans or methods created for the purpose of achieving a goal 255. streamline256. streamline Forms: strapped; strapped; strapping Forms: plural: strategies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– streamline streamline n. path along which a fluid flows; direction in which a v. to make more efficient; to organize; to simplify particle flows; aerodynamic shape 257. strength258. strengthen Forms: plural: streamlines Forms: streamlined; streamlined; streamlining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– strength strengthen n. durability; determination; resolve; power; intensity; v. to make strong; to fortify; to reinforce; to toughen force 259. stress260. stress Forms: plural: strengths Forms: strengthened; strengthened; strengthening –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stress stress n. emphasis; importance; accent; strain; tension; v. to emphasize; to accentuate pressure 261. stretch262. strike Forms: plural: stresses Forms: stressed; stressed; stressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stretch strike v. to extend; to elongate; to reach out; to pull; to strain n. temporary work stoppage; good luck; discovery of natural resources 263. strike264. striped Forms: stretched; stretched; stretching Forms: plural: strikes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 198 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words strike striped v. to temporarily cease working as a protest; to impress adj. marked with narrow bands of contrasting color or texture 265. strive266. structure Forms: struck; stricken; striking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interconnecting parts Forms: strove; striven; striving 267. n. building; something created from a number of resist structure268. structure v. to endeavor; to try hard; to compete; to struggle; to study strive Forms: plural: structures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– structure study v. to organize; to arrange; to give form to n. learning; field of learning; thorough investigation; report; analysis Forms: plural: studies 269. study270. style Forms: structured; structured; structuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– study style v. to learn; to ponder; to examine; to investigate; to n. manner; way; fashion; chic; vogue memorize 271. style272. subject Forms: studied; studied; studying Forms: plural: styles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 273. n. topic; branch of studies; major; citizen; motive Forms: styled; styled; styling subject274. subject v. to plan; to design; to name; to call subjectively style Forms: plural: subjects –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subject subjectively adj. under the rule of; subordinate; exposed to; liable to; adv. based on individual thoughts and feelings 275. submit276. subordinate conditional –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– submit subordinate v. to give in; to surrender; to yield; to present; to propose n. one who is subservient; someone under the authority of another 277. subordinate278. subscribe Forms: submitted; submitted; submitting Forms: plural: subordinates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subordinate subscribe adj. inferior; of secondary importance; under the authority v. to endorse; to donate; to contribute; to pledge; to of another support; to approve 279. subscription280. subside Forms: subscribed; subscribed; subscribing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 199 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words subscription subside n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances v. to descend; to decline; to abate; to lessen or publications Forms: subsided; subsided; subsiding 281. subsidiary282. subsidiary Forms: plural: subscriptions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subsidiary subsidiary n. company that is owned or controlled by another adj. supplementary; auxiliary; secondary; lesser in company importance 283. subsidize284. subsidy Forms: plural: subsidiaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 285. n. financial assistance Forms: subsidized; subsidized; subsidizing substantial286. subsidy v. to provide financial assistance substantiate subsidize Forms: plural: subsidies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substantial substantiate adj. firm; wealthy; influential; important; considerable v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize 287. substantive288. substantive Forms: substantiated; substantiated; substantiated –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substantive substantive n. word or phrase functioning as a noun adj. existing independently; real; tangible 289. substitute290. substitute Forms: plural: substantives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substitute substitute n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of adj. acting as a replacement another 291. subtract292. succeed Forms: plural: substitutes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 293. v. to prosper; to achieve; to attain; to follow; to inherit Forms: subtracted; subtracted; subtracting success294. succeed v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct succinct subtract Forms: succeeded; succeeded; succeeding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– success succinct n. attainment of something desired or attempted; adj. stated briefly but clearly; clear and concise; short and accomplishment; prosperity to the point 295. sufficient296. suggest Forms: plural: successes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 200 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words sufficient suggest adj. enough; adequate v. to propose; to mention; to imply; to hint; to evoke 297. suggestion298. suit Forms: suggested; suggested; suggesting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suggestion suit n. proposal; recommendation; insinuation; hint n. matching outfit consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; request; courtship Forms: plural: suits 299. suit300. suitcase Forms: plural: suggestions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 301. n. rectangular traveling bag; valise Forms: suited; suited; suiting suite302. suitcase v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to clothe sum suit Forms: plural: suitcases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suite sum n. group of things that together form a set; group of n. whole amount; entire quantity; essence; gist attendants 303. sum304. summarize Forms: plural: suites Forms: plural: sums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sum summarize v. to add v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points in a brief and comprehensive manner 305. superb306. superfluous Forms: summed; summed; summing Forms: summarized; summarized; summarizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 307. superior308. superfluous adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent superior superb adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– superior superior n. one who is higher than another in rank or position adj. higher in rank or position; above average; exceptional 309. supervise310. supervisor Forms: plural: superiors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supervise supervisor v. to oversee; to administer; to direct; to manage; to n. overseer; director; manager watch over 311. supervisory312. supplement Forms: supervised; supervised; supervising Forms: plural: supervisors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 201 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words supervisory supplement adj. managerial; overseeing n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition; extra added part 313. supplement314. supplementary Forms: plural: supplements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supplement supplementary v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to adj. additional; extra 315. supplier316. supply Forms: supplemented; supplemented; supplementing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 317. n. act of providing; provision; reserve; stock Forms: plural: suppliers supply318. supply n. provider support supplier Forms: plural: supplies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– encouragement; aid Forms: supplied; supplied; supplying 319. n. prop; brace; economic assistance; upkeep; to substitute for temporarily support320. support v. to furnish; to equip; to make up for; to compensate for; supportive supply Forms: plural: supports –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– support supportive v. to carry; to encourage; to assist financially; to adj. providing assistance substantiate 321. suppose322. surely Forms: supported; supported; supporting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suppose surely v. to presume to be true; to hypothesize; to believe adv. confidently; certainly; without a doubt; yes; of course 323. surface324. surface Forms: supposed; supposed; supposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– surface surface n. exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or adj. external layer; outward appearance 325. surmise326. surplus Forms: plural: surfaces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 327. n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities Forms: surmised; surmised; surmising surprise328. surplus v. to infer; to conjecture; to guess; to presume surprise surmise Forms: plural: surpluses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 202 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words surprise surprise n. astonishment; something which startles or astonishes; v. to startle; to astonish; to ambush unexpected event Forms: surprised; surprised; surprising 329. surveillance330. survey Forms: plural: surprises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 331. n. review; overview; statistical study Forms: no plural survey332. survey n. careful observation of a person or group survive surveillance Forms: plural: surveys –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– survey survive v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study v. to outlive; to remain in use; to outlast; to endure; to withstand Forms: survived; survived; surviving 333. susceptible334. suspect Forms: surveyed; surveyed; surveying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 335. suspend336. suspect adj. vulnerable; prone; impressionable sustain susceptible adj. doubtful; dubious –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suspend sustain v. to hang; to postpone; to defer; to expel v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to assist; to encourage 337. swap338. swap Forms: suspended; suspended; suspending Forms: sustained; sustained; sustaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 339. v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter Forms: plural: swaps sway340. swap n. exchange; trade sway swap Forms: swapped; swapped; swapping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sway sway n. moving back and forth; influence; control; authority v. to move back and forth; to lean in a certain direction; to be sympathetic to; to hesitate 341. sweater342. swift Forms: plural: sways Forms: swayed; swayed; swaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sweater swift n. pullover; employer who underpays his employees n. financial industry owned cooperative supplying secure, standardized messaging services to financial institutions 343. swift344. switch Forms: plural: sweaters Forms: plural: swifts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 203 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words swift switch adj. fast; immediate; prompt; smart n. exchange; transfer; device 345. switch346. switchboard Forms: plural: switches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits Forms: switched; switched; switching 347. n. panel containing buttons for connecting and off sympathy348. switchboard v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or symposium switch Forms: plural: switchboards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sympathy symposium n. affinity; compassion; pity; concern; empathy n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is discussed 349. synthesis350. system Forms: plural: sympathies Forms: plural: symposiums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– synthesis system n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole n. combination of related things or parts that form a complex whole 351. systematically Forms: plural: syntheses Forms: plural: systems –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– systematically adv. methodically; in an organized fashion –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 204 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 1. table2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words table T table table n. list of information arranged in columns and rows; chart; v. to enter information into a chart; to postpone; to set 3. tackle4. aside for future consideration Forms: plural: tables tackle flat surface Forms: tabled; tabled; tabling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. v. to deal with; to stop; to undertake; to set about Forms: plural: tackles tailor6. tackle n. equipment; device for lifting and lowering objects tailor tackle Forms: tackled; tackled; tackling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7. v. to create or adapt for a particular need or desire Forms: plural: tailors take8. tailor n. one who makes or alters garments take tailor Forms: tailored; tailored; tailoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– take take n. amount collected at one time; income; proceeds; v. to seize; to capture; to possess; to contract profits (Informal) 9. take over10. takeover Forms: plural: takes Forms: took; taken; taking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– take over takeover v. to capture; to assume control n. act of assuming control of something (as in a government or business) 11. talk12. talk Forms: took over; taken over; taking over Forms: plural: takeovers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– talk talk n. conversation; speech; lecture; meeting v. to converse; to speak; to spread rumors; to lecture; to reveal secret information 13. talkative14. tall Forms: plural: talks Forms: talked; talked; talking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– talkative tall adj. chatty; loquacious adj. having a specified height; difficult to believe; 15. tantalizing16. tantamount exaggerated; challenging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tantalizing tantamount v. to tempt or tease by presenting something as available adj. equivalent to; equal to and then withholding it 17. target18. target Forms: tantalized; tantalized; tantalizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 205 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 19. v. to aim at something Forms: plural: targets task20. target n. mark; objective; aim; object; goal task target Forms: targeted; targeted; targeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 21. v. to give assignments; to overburden; to strain Forms: plural: tasks taste22. task n. job; assignment; obligation; role taste task Forms: tasked; tasked; tasking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. v. to check flavor by eating; to attempt; to try Forms: plural: tastes tax24. taste n. perception of flavor; sense; reason tax taste Forms: tasted; tasted; tasting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tax tax n. levy; fee v. to impose a tariff; to impose a levy; to burden; to demand too much 25. technician26. technique Forms: plural: taxes Forms: taxed; taxed; taxing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. n. method of performance Forms: plural: technicians technology28. technique n. specialist in repairs of machinery and appliances temper technician Forms: plural: techniques –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. n. disposition; mood Forms: plural: technologies temper30. temper n. sciences of the industrial arts; applied sciences temporary technology Forms: plural: tempers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– temper temporary v. to moderate; to soften; to tone down; to toughen; to adj. passing; brief harden 31. tenant32. tenant Forms: tempered; tempered; tempering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 33. v. to rent; to inhabit; to occupy Forms: plural: tenants tender34. tenant n. lodger; occupant; resident; renter; landlord tender tenant Forms: tenanted; tenanted; tenanting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 206 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words tender tender n. bid; offer; overseer; supervisor adj. gentle; soft; delicate 35. tense36. tense Forms: plural: tenders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tense tense n. inflection; verbal 'time' adj. strained; taut; rigid; nervous; stressful 37. tension38. tentative Forms: plural: tenses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tension tentative n. tautness; strain; nervousness; agitation; apprehension adj. experimental; trial; temporary; hesitant 39. tenure40. term Forms: plural: tensions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41. n. word; expression; idiom; condition; stipulation Forms: plural: tenures term42. term n. strength; period; permanence terminal tenure Forms: plural: terms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 43. n. either end of a passenger line; bus or train station Forms: termed; termed; terming terminal44. terminal v. to name; to call; to designate terminology term Forms: plural: terminals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– terminal terminology adj. end; closing; concluding; final; mortal n. nomenclature; specific vocabulary 45. terrible46. territory Forms: plural: terminologies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– terrible territory adj. awful n. region; district; zone; area; domain 47. testify48. testimonial Forms: plural: territories –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49. n. letter of recommendation Forms: testified; testified; testifying thorough50. testimonial v. to bear witness; to declare under oath; to attest thoroughness testify Forms: plural: testimonials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thorough thoroughness adj. comprehensive; complete; finished n. diligence; neatness 51. though52. though Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 207 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words 53. thought54. though conj. despite; in spite of thread though adv. anyway –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 55. n. string; thin cord; Internet discussion Forms: plural: thoughts thread56. thread n. idea; concept; product of the mind threat thought Forms: plural: threads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thread threat v. to pass something through an opening n. expression of intent to damage or injure; intimidation; danger Forms: plural: threats 57. thrive58. throughout Forms: threaded; threaded; threading –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thrive throughout v. to prosper; to flourish; to succeed prep. in every part; at every point or moment 59. throughout60. thus Forms: throve; thriven; thriving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 61. ticket62. thus adv. in every; during ticket throughout adv. therefore; so –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 63. v. to label; to fine Forms: plural: tickets tie64. ticket n. certificate; entry pass; tag tie ticket Forms: ticketed; ticketed; ticketing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 65. v. to bind; to fasten with a rope or cord Forms: plural: ties tight66. tie n. rope; cord; link; connection; equal score in a game tight tie Forms: tied; tied; tying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. time68. tight adj. close-fitting; tense; narrow timeliness tight adv. in a close-fitting manner; firmly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 69. n. punctuality Forms: plural: times title70. timeliness n. period; era; hour; rate title time Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 71. v. to furnish with a caption or heading Forms: plural: titles token72. title n. heading; caption; right; ownership; championship token title Forms: titled; titled; titling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 208 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words token token n. symbol; sign; mark; remembrance adj. nominal; symbolic; perfunctory 73. toll74. tool Forms: plural: tokens –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 75. n. apparatus; device Forms: plural: tolls top76. tool n. tax; charge; levy; grievous price top toll Forms: plural: tools –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– top top n. summit; peak; head adj. highest; prime; leading 77. topic78. total Forms: plural: tops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 79. n. sum; whole Forms: plural: topics total80. total n. theme; subject of conversation; issue tour topic Forms: plural: totals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– total tour adj. entire; complete; absolute n. voyage; sightseeing excursion; trip; route 81. tour82. tow Forms: plural: tours –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 83. n. act of dragging or pulling with a rope or chain Forms: toured; toured; touring tow84. tow v. to sightsee; to voyage; to travel town tour Forms: plural: tows –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. n. city Forms: towed; towed; towing town86. town v. to pull; to drag track tow Forms: plural: towns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– town track adj. of a city; local n. lane; path; signs; trails; channel 87. track88. trade Forms: plural: tracks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 89. n. business; commerce; barter; occupation Forms: tracked; tracked; tracking trade90. trade v. to follow tradition track Forms: plural: trades –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 209 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words trade tradition adj. commercial; of commerce n. custom; practice; convention 91. traditional92. traffic Forms: plural: traditions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– traditional traffic adj. customary n. movement of vehicles or persons; trade; commerce; load of messages in a communications network 93. traffic94. trail Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 95. n. track; footprints; path; way Forms: trafficked; trafficked; trafficking trail96. trail v. to deal in; to sell transact traffic Forms: plural: trails –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 97. v. to carry out; to conduct; to perform Forms: trailed; trailed; trailing transaction98. transact v. to follow; to drag; to tow transcend trail Forms: transacted; transacted; transacting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 99. v. to excel; to rise above Forms: plural: transactions transcendent100. transcend n. negotiation; settlement; business deal transfer transaction Forms: transcended; transcended; transcending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transcendent transfer adj. sublime; exalted; superior n. exchange; conveying something from one person to another 101. transfer102. trash Forms: plural: transfers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transfer trash v. to convey; to relocate; to hand over; to pass on n. something discarded; rubbish; garbage; refuse; nonsense 103. trash104. travel Forms: transferred; transferred; transferring Forms: plural: trashes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 105. n. movement; journeying Forms: trashed; trashed; trashing travel106. travel v. to throw away; to discard; to destroy; to damage traveler trash Forms: plural: travels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 210 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words travel traveler v. to go on a journey; to move; to go from one place to n. one who makes a journey another Forms: plural: travelers 107. tray108. treasure Forms: traveled; traveled; traveling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 109. v. to put away for future use Forms: plural: trays treat110. treasure n. flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter treat tray Forms: treasured; treasured; treasuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treat treat n. delight; refreshment or entertainment given to its v. to relate to; to deal with; to process; to pay for recipient without cost Forms: treated; treated; treating 111. treatment112. treaty Forms: plural: treats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treatment treaty n. therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior n. formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract 113. tremendous114. trespasser Forms: plural: treatments Forms: plural: treaties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tremendous trespasser adj. very great in numbers; huge; powerful n. one who damages a person or his property or rights 115. trial116. trial Forms: plural: trespassers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trial trial n. test; attempt; experiment; annoyance adj. experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample 117. triangle118. trivial Forms: plural: trials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– triangle trivial n. shape having three sides and three corners; group of adj. trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor three 119. trouble120. trouble Forms: plural: triangles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trouble trouble n. problem; misfortune; annoyance; cause of worry v. to worry; to cause concern; to annoy; to bother; to disturb 121. truly122. trust Forms: plural: troubles Forms: troubled; troubled; troubling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 211 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words truly trust adv. really; genuinely n. confidence; faith; credit; monopoly; several companies banded together in order to reduce competition 123. trust124. trustee Forms: plural: trusts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trust trustee v. to rely on; to extend business credit n. person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him Forms: plural: trustees 125. trustee126. turnover Forms: trusted; trusted; trusting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– n. gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or property not belonging to them producing Forms: trusteed; trusteed; trusteeing 127. turnover v. to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over twice trustee Forms: plural: turnovers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– twice adv. doubly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 212 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 1. ultimately2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words unable U 3. unauthorized4. unable adv. in the end; eventually unbiased ultimately adj. not capable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. uncertain6. unbiased adj. unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful uncertainty unauthorized adj. impartial; equitable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain uncertainty adj. doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous n. doubtfulness 7. unconventional8. undercut Forms: plural: uncertainties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unconventional undercut adj. not standard; not ordinary n. type of beef tenderloin; type of cavity with a broad base 9. undercut10. underestimate Forms: plural: undercuts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– undercut underestimate v. to offer at lower prices than the competition; to v. to assign too low a value to weaken; to undermine 11. underline12. underline Forms: undercut; undercut; undercutting Forms: underestimated; underestimated; underestimating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13. v. to emphasize Forms: plural: underlines understatement14. underline n. caption beneath an illustration underway underline Forms: underlined; underlined; underlining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– understatement underway n. representing something less strongly than what the adj. having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel); facts would justify initiated; in progress; under construction 15. unfair16. unforeseen Forms: plural: understatements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 17. unfortunately18. unforeseen adj. biased; dishonest unify unfair adj. not anticipated; not expected –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfortunately unify adv. regrettably v. to join; to cause to become one 19. union20. unique Forms: unified; unified; unifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words union unique n. workers' association; federation; amalgamation adj. singular; matchless; rare 21. uniqueness22. unit Forms: plural: unions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uniqueness unit n. singularity; individuality; incomparability n. specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece 23. unjudged24. unless Forms: no plural Forms: plural: units –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. unlimited26. unless adj. objective unlock unjudged conj. not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unlimited unlock adj. infinite; boundless v. to open; to free from restraints; to release 27. unnecessary28. unsanitary Forms: unlocked; unlocked; unlocking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 29. unsatisfactory30. unsanitary adj. excessive; redundant; superfluous until unnecessary adj. not healthful; not clean –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 31. until32. until adj. inadequate; disappointing; not good enough unveil unsatisfactory prep. up to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– until unveil conj. up to the time which v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose 33. upcoming34. update Forms: unveiled; unveiled; unveiling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upcoming update adj. about to happen; imminent n. more current version of something 35. update36. upgrade Forms: plural: updates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– update upgrade v. to modernize; to make current n. the process of installing a newer and more powerful version of a software package or a piece of hardware 37. upgrade38. upholstery Forms: updated; updated; updating Forms: plural: upgrades –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 214 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words upgrade upholstery v. to improve; to raise the quality of n. materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e. fabric, lining, padding, etc.) Forms: plural: upholsteries 39. upon40. upwards Forms: upgraded; upgraded; upgrading –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41. urban42. upwards prep. on; atop urbanize upon adv. to a higher level; more than; higher than –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urban urbanize adj. pertaining to a city; municipal v. to make into a city 43. urgent44. use Forms: urbanized; urbanized; urbanizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urgent use adj. pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt n. function; utilization; benefit; advantage; consumption 45. use46. useful Forms: plural: uses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– use useful v. to practice; to employ; to exploit; to treat; to consume adj. functional; practical; applicable 47. useless48. usual Forms: used; used; using –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49. usually50. usual adj. not functional; not practical utilization useless adj. common; regular; ordinary –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– usually utilization adv. commonly; generally; regularly n. the proportion of available time that an item of equipment is operating 51. utilize Forms: plural: utilizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– utilize v. to put to practical use; to take advantage of Forms: utilized; utilized; utilizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 1. vacancy2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vacant V vacancy vacant n. emptiness; available position; job opening adj. empty; unfilled; unoccupied; lacking expression 3. vacation4. vacation Forms: plural: vacancies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. v. to go on holiday Forms: plural: vacations vaccinate6. vacation n. holiday vaccination vacation Forms: vacationed; vacationed; vacationing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vaccinate vaccination v. to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating n. act or instance of rendering insusceptible to disease by inoculating Forms: plural: vaccinations 7. vacillate8. valid Forms: vaccinated; vaccinated; vaccinating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacillate valid v. to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver adj. legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; logical; well-founded 9. validate10. valuable Forms: vacillated; vacillated; vacillating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11. n. something of great worth Forms: validated; validated; validating valuable12. valuable v. to confirm; to sanction; to legalize value validate Forms: plural: valuables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– valuable value adj. of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important n. monetary or material worth; importance; merit 13. value14. van Forms: plural: values –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– value van v. to esteem; to cherish; to assess; to estimate n. large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people 15. variation16. variety Forms: valued; valued; valuing Forms: plural: vans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– variation variety n. degree of diversity; change; modified version; deviation n. assortment; kind; sort 17. various18. vary Forms: plural: variations Forms: plural: varieties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 216 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words various vary adj. assorted; different; individual; several v. to alter; to change; to fluctuate 19. vast20. vat Forms: varied; varied; varying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vast vat adj. large; enormous; huge n. large container; tank; tub 21. vegetable22. vegetarian Forms: plural: vats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 23. n. one who does not eat meat; herbivore Forms: plural: vegetables vehicle24. vegetarian n. plant; edible fruit of a plant veil vegetable Forms: plural: vegetarians –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vehicle veil n. means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; n. netting attached to a woman's hat medium 25. veil26. vending machine Forms: plural: vehicles Forms: plural: veils –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. n. automated device used for selling items Forms: veiled; veiled; veiling vendor28. vending machine v. to cover; to hide venture veil Forms: plural: vending machines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain outcome Forms: plural: vendors 29. n. an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of goods venture30. venture n. salesman; supplier; automatic machine for selling veracity vendor Forms: plural: ventures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 31. n. truthfulness; something that is a truth Forms: ventured; ventured; venturing verify32. veracity v. to take a risk in order to achieve a goal versatile venture Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– verify versatile v. to confirm the truth of something adj. fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to do many things 33. version34. vessel Forms: verified; verified; verifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 217 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words container Forms: plural: versions 35. n. large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; translation viable36. vessel n. particular form of something; variant; rendering; victim version Forms: plural: vessels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viable victim adj. capable of living; having a reasonable chance of n. person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.) succeeding; practical 37. viewpoint38. vilify Forms: plural: victims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 39. v. to slander; to defame Forms: plural: viewpoints violation40. vilify n. attitude; stance; opinion virtual viewpoint Forms: vilified; vilified; vilifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– violation virtual n. transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape adj. imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated 41. virtual42. visibility Forms: plural: violations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 43. n. quality of being clearly seen Forms: no plural visible44. visibility n. computerized representation of an actual object visit virtual Forms: plural: visibilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visible visit adj. in view; observable; obvious; apparent n. temporary stay somewhere; instance of spending time with a person or group of people; inspection 45. visit46. visitor Forms: plural: visits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visit visitor v. to stay somewhere temporarily; to make an official n. guest; migrating bird inspection 47. vital48. vivid Forms: visited; visited; visiting Forms: plural: visitors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49. vocabulary50. vivid adj. lively; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary voice vital adj. lively; bright; dazzling; clear; graphic –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 218 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vocabulary voice n. lexicon; list of words and their definitions in n. sound produced in the throat; expression; language alphabetical order Forms: plural: voices 51. voice52. volunteer Forms: plural: vocabularies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voice volunteer v. to raise an opinion; to adjust the tone of n. one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay Forms: plural: volunteers 53. volunteer54. voucher Forms: voiced; voiced; voicing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– volunteer voucher v. to offer to do or give something for free; to propose n. certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser 55. voyage56. voyage Forms: volunteered; volunteered; volunteering Forms: plural: vouchers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voyage voyage n. trip; journey; travel; cruise v. to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey Forms: plural: voyages Forms: voyaged; voyaged; voyaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 219 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 1. wait2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wait W wait wait n. staying where one is; expectation; ambush v. to be ready or available; to work as an attendant; to postpone 3. waiter4. waitress Forms: plural: waits Forms: waited; waited; waiting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. n. woman who serves tables in a restaurant or pub Forms: plural: waiters wallet6. waitress n. one who serves tables at a restaurant or pub wallpaper waiter Forms: plural: waitresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– images in a graphical user interface Forms: plural: wallets 7. n. picture or design used as a background for the other documents; billfold; handbag warehouse8. wallpaper n. small purse used to carry money and personal warehouse wallet Forms: plural: wallpapers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9. v. to store in a large building Forms: plural: warehouses warning10. warehouse n. depot; wholesale store; large retail store warning warehouse Forms: warehoused; warehoused; warehousing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warning warning n. caution; advice about danger; advance notice adj. cautioning; giving advice about danger 11. warranty12. waste Forms: plural: warnings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 13. n. misuse; loss; rubbish; garbage; sewage Forms: plural: warranties waste14. waste n. guarantee; authority; justification watch warranty Forms: plural: wastes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waste watch adj. leftover; unused; desolate; desert; destroyed n. small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding; observation 15. watch16. waver Forms: plural: watches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 17. v. to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate Forms: watched; watched; watching weak18. waver v. to see; to look; to pay attention; to supervise weakness watch Forms: wavered; wavered; wavering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 220 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words weak weakness adj. frail; feeble; faint; dilute; watery n. drawback; disadvantage; defect; foible 19. wealth20. weapon Forms: plural: weaknesses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 21. n. instrument for use in attack or defense in combat Forms: no plural weigh22. weapon n. richness; prosperity; capital; fortune; abundance weight wealth Forms: plural: weapons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weigh weight v. to consider; to be of a particular heaviness; to burden n. heaviness; unit of mass; pressure; importance; influence Forms: plural: weights 23. weight24. whereas Forms: weighed; weighed; weighing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 25. n. this being the case; since (used in formal documents) Forms: weighted; weighted; weighting whereas26. whereas v. to load; to oppress; to burden; to regard; to esteem whether weight Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 27. whole28. whether conj. since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary whole whereas conj. if –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whole whole n. totality; completeness; entirety adj. complete; full; entire; healthy 29. widespread30. width Forms: plural: wholes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– widespread width adj. common; popular; extensive; prevalent n. breadth; thickness 31. will32. will Forms: plural: widths –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– will will n. last testament listing inheritors of a dying person's v. to want; to command; to determine; to decide property 33. willingness34. wire Forms: plural: wills Forms: willed; willed; willing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 35. n. cord; line; string; telegraph cable Forms: no plural wire36. wire n. readiness; agreeableness withdraw willingness Forms: plural: wires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 221 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wire withdraw adj. made of a thin flexible cord of metal v. to take money from the bank; to retire; to remove 37. within38. withstand Forms: withdrew; withdrawn; withdrawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– within withstand prep. during v. to bear; to endure 39. witness40. witness Forms: withstood; withstood; withstanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 41. v. to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for Forms: plural: witnesses wool42. witness n. testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony work witness Forms: witnessed; witnessed; witnessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 43. n. labor; task; profession; occupation; vocation; effort Forms: plural: wools work44. work n. fleece from some animals; frizzy hair workshop wool Forms: plural: works –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– work workshop v. to labor; to act; to operate; to activate; to process n. seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group 45. worry46. worry Forms: worked; worked; working Forms: plural: workshops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– worry worry n. concern; fear; misfortune; distress v. to be concerned; to harass; to advance through great effort 47. would48. wrench Forms: plural: worries Forms: worried; worried; worrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49. bolts Forms: modal verb wrench50. n. violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning expression of desire write wrench v. helping verb for use in a question; request or off would Forms: plural: wrenches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 51. v. to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer) Forms: wrenched; wrenched; wrenching wrong52. write off v. to pull by force; to twist; to cut off; to distort; to pervert wrong wrench Forms: wrote off; written off; writing off –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 222 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words v. to cause suffering to; to behave unjustly toward Forms: plural: wrongs 53. wrong n. injustice; evil; bad; broken law; transgression wry wrong Forms: wronged; wronged; wronging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wry adj. distorted; crooked; twisted; askew –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 223 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net Y 1. yearly2. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words yearly Y 3. yet4. yearly adj. occurring once within 12 months yet yearly adv. annually –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. yield6. yet adv. still; already; but; in spite of; although yield yet conj. but; in spite of; despite –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yield yield n. harvest; return; produce; income; profit v. to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.) Forms: plural: yields Forms: yielded; yielded; yielding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 224 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net Z 1. 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ZIP Z ZIP n. extension of an archived file compressed with a special program; type of drive using removable disks Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 225 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net