Cell_Biology

Cell Biology Cytoplasm The cytoplasmic matrix is not an unstructured liquid gel as once was thought. The cytosol makes up some 50% of the cell volume. It contains numerous cytoskeletal elements, organelles, vesicles, metabolic enzymes and sometimes pigment deposits. The matrix coordinates the movement of intracellular organelles, and provides a framework for the orga9nization of enzyme pathways such as those within the glycolytic series. All of the necessities of protein synthesis are found within the cytosol and it contains numerous enzymes that build large molecules and break down small molecules. Protein motors are present in the cytosol to help transport things along the cytoskeletal framework. Mitochondria These organelles are the power houses of the cell and contain the molecular machinery for the conversion of energy from the breakdown of glucose into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are mostly protein, but some lipid, DNA and RNA are present. These generally spherical organelles have an outer membrane surrounding an inner membrane that folds (cristae) into a scaffolding for oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport enzymes. Most mitochondria have flat shelf-like cristae, but those in steroid secreting cells may have tubular cristae. The mitochondiral matrix contains the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty cell, biology, proteins, cells, er, membrane, within, vesicles, organelles, ribosomes, protein, dna, rough, mitochondria, chromatin, enzymes, cytoplasm, synthesis, rrna, reticulum, present, movement, microfilaments, golgi, endoplasmic, transport, structure, smooth, side, rna, ribosomal, numerous, nucleolus, nuclear, muscle, made