Battle Of Jutland

51due论文代写网精选代写范文：“Battle Of Jutland”本文作者详细的向我们分析了日德兰半岛战役，英国大舰队和德国公海舰队，是当时世界上最大的水面舰艇战斗。这场战役的意义众多，作者决定来分析它，以便记住它的伟大作用。

Battle Of Jutland The Battle of Jutland (known as Skagerrak in Germany), fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, was the largest surface naval battle of all time,and the only major fleet action of WWI. The Battle of Jutland played a key role in the demise of the reputation of battle-cruisers, saw the first use of a carrier based aircraft in battle, and is one of the most controversial naval actions in the Royal Navy's long history. The significance of this battle is so numerous and apparent that I decided to explain it in order to remember the great role it played and will play in sea battles from that point on. The Royal Navy started the war with a large advantage in capital ships over the Germans. 

The Germans realized that they were likely to lose a full fleet in battle and so they decided to even the odds by luring smaller parts of the Grand Fleet into traps to eventually bring about equality with the British, at which point they felt confident they would defeat them. They had planned to do this through careful battle tactics and pushing their large U-Boat fleet to its potential usage. In the spring of 1916 the U-Boat offensive against merchant shipping was restricted to prize rules, giving Scheer, the German Commander in Chief, more submarines than usual to use against warships. One of the tactics used was to station them off the major British naval basses and then entice the Grand Fleet out of harbor and over the waiting U-Boats. Initially, Scheer planned to raid Sunderland to draw out the Grand Fleet, but this relied on Zeppelin scouting and the weather ruled this out, so an alternative plan was used. He decided to send the battle-cruisers to the Skagerrak (the sea between southern Norway and Denmark), threatening British patrols and merchant ships in the area. This is when it got interesting. On the morning of May 31st the German High Seas Fleet made for sea hell bent on achieving their mission. However things did not go as planned for the Germans. Somehow the unexpected happened and it jeopardized the whole operation. The British had by the morning of May 30th received indications that the Germans were assembling, this along with increased U-Boat activity and a decoded but not interpreted operational signal led the British to suppose that the High Seas Fleet was going to be put to sea. By 10:30 PM on May 30th the Grand Fleet was at sea, two and a half hours before the Germans. 

Of the ten U-Boats off British bases only U66 and U32 sighted British ships, U32 reporting two battleships, two cruisers and several destroyers and U66 reporting eight battleships, light cruisers and destroyers. U32 launches an attack with no success. The Germans did not interpret this as the whole Grand Fleet being at sea. On the morning of May 31st, Jellicoe, the British Commander in Chief, received incorrect intelligence from the Admiralty that the German Flagship was still in port, resulting in him to deduce that the German operation would be a cruiser sweep with the High Seas Fleet only providing distant cover. When he found this later to be incorrect, he lost confidence in the intelligence provided, and this misconception caused important consequences on the outcome of the battle. On the afternoon of 31 May the British battle-cruisers, under command of Beatty, were on a course that at 4:30 PM would take them 20 miles ahead of the German Battle-fleet and 40 miles behind their battle-cruisers. However, fortunately for Beatty, the Danish steamer N.J.Fjord was steaming between the cruiser screens of both battle-cruiser fleets. At 2:00 PM the British ship Elbing sighted her and sent B109 and B110 to investigate. Galatea and Phaeton also went to investigate. 

At 3:20 PM Galatea signaled "Enemy in sight" and eight minutes later the British light cruisers opened fire. Beatty turned his battle-cruisers south-south-east to engage the enemy. Unfortunately, owing to a mixture of bad initial positioning, sloppy signaling, lack of initiative and bad luck, the powerful British 5th Battle Squadron turned in the other direction and carried on for nearly ten minutes increasing the range from the enemy and depriving Beatty of the most powerful squadron in the world during the early part of the battle. The battle was ignited and it was all uphill from there on. The second phase of battle was when Beatty fled north, pursued by German Dreadnoughts. So far, both sides thought the battle was going to plan, although a design flaw led to the destruction of two British battle-cruisers. Now, in the third phase the Germans got a nasty surprise. Thinking themselves involved in a chase that would end with the destruction of the British battle-cruisers, they found themselves under bombardment from Jellicoe's battle fleet, which they had thought to be too far north to intervene. The heavy British guns quickly forced Scheer to order a retreat. But then Scheer made what turned into a big error, turning back, possibly hoping to pass behind Jellicoe, and escape into the Baltic. 

However, Jellicoe had slowed down, and the German fleet found themselves crossing in front of the British fleet. In ten minutes of gunfire the German Fleet suffered 27 heavy hits while only inflicting two. Once again, Scheer ordered a retreat. Finally, in the last phase of the battle, in a night of intense fighting, the retreat of the German battleships was covered by their lighter ships. Meanwhile, Jellicoe lost time after turning to avoid a potential torpedo attack. This decision to turn away in the heat of battle brought much criticism upon Jellicoe. As a result, the Germans lost one battle cruiser, one pre-Dreadnought, four light cruisers and five destroyers, while the British lost three battle cruisers, four armoured cruisers, and eight destroyers. However, many of the surviving German heavy ships had suffered serious damage. Jutland was the last, and largest, of the great battleship battles. One result of the battle was to increase the British dominance in heavy ships. Neither submarines nor aircraft played any part in the battle, despite the plans on both sides. Never again did battle fleets meet in such numbers. While the Royal Navy suffered more loses, the battle effectively ended any threat from the High Seas Fleet, which now knew it could not contest control of the North Sea with the Royal Navy.-Y

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