Germany

Germany Germany in transition 1815 – Congress of Vienna – the ordering of German speaking countries After the defeat of France the victorious powers, Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia, concluded peacemaking recognising the 38 States of the German Confederation. Some of these states were newly created states while others were restorations of the Holy Roman Empire. Although losing eastern territory to Russia, Prussia was doubled in size after land in the Rhineland and Westphalia was granted to her, making her the dominant power in northern Germany. Monarchies and principalities were in still in operation using their own courts and applying their own oaths of allegiance. However there were problems with newly established monarchs where loyalties had to be constructed through manufacturing of an image ( Frederich William III ). The states organised themselves, especially Prussia, more authoritatively than before in areas such as, security of borders, taxes, the military and education. Many of the natural resources became state owned, especially the coal mines of Saarland and the many German forests. Universities were founded and very well funded with an emphasis based on uniformity of approach especially in the area of university degrees. In the period states, german, , especially, prussia, through, spread, small, russia, right, revolts, political, own, newly, natural, nationalism, mass, liberalism, liberal, ideas, however, house, germany, established, drew, customs, coal, between, areas, although, after, 1840s, 1830, 1820s, 1815