Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials. It can be known as ER can be classified as a rough ER when ribosomes are attached to the cytosolic side of the membrane or smooth ER when no ribosomes are present. Rough ER is prominent in cells that are making pro

Endoplasmic Reticulum/Relationship with Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum/Relationship with Cytoplasm The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, is a double membrane system that loops back and forth. It extends from the cell membrane through the cytoplasm to the nuclear membrane. It consists of a network of membrane lamellae and tubules called cisternae; and the internal part of it is called th

Energy Crisis in California ENERGY CRISIS IN CALIFORNIA If we try to explain what happened in California,In the simplest terms, the companies supplying electricity to California failed to provide enough affordable power to the state's utilities to meet the demands of customers. The reason for this is hotly disputed. One thing is certain: Unscheduled outages at power plants supplying C

Enzyme Lab Report Enzyme Activity Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to test the effects of different sugar types with pH and temperatures. We are testing to see if there is a difference in reaction and reaction time when placed into different temperature and pH. We are looking for changes in color, solidity, reaction time, etc. My hypothesis is that at different tempera

Epilepsy Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by repeated seizures. These seizures are a result of underlying brain damage and differ with the type of condition. It may consist of loss of consciousness, continuous jerking of different body parts, emotional explosions, or periods of mental confusion. Studies show that although epilepsy isn’t inherited, tendency to the disord

A Temperature Effect INTRODUCTION Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up the rate of specific biological reactions. The first thing to notice in enzyme characteristics is that enzymes are almost all proteins, often globular proteins. They are long chains of amino acid units held together by peptide bonds. Enzymes are much more specific than simple catalysts. Numerous reactions

Evolution Today’s human being is the product of millions of years of trial and error through the process of evolution. Charles Darwin was the first to bring fourth the idea of evolution. His theory involved the instance of natural selection. However he could not explain exactly how natural selection worked, he just knew that it existed. The scientific world was much more receptive th

Evolution Questions on the origin of life and of the universe must have challenged human curiosity and imagination as soon as early man had time for activities other than survival. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species, and since then, people have debated between the creationism and evolutionism theories. The theory of evolution has been supported only through various r

Evolution In order for us to understand the process of terraforming, it is important for us to understand that Earth was not always the lush, green, life-bearing planet that it is today. When Earth was formed it was a ball of molten rock with a thin atmosphere consisting of hydrogen and helium. These gases quickly escaped from the atmosphere because of solar wind, extreme heat

Evolution INTRODUCTION Theories explaining biological evolution have been bandied about since the ancient Greeks, but it was not until the Enlightment of the 18th century that widespread acceptance and development of this theory emerged. In the mid 19th century english naturalist Charles Darwin - who has been called the "father of evolution" - conceived of the most comprehensive findin

Evolution The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution, as set forth by Charles Darwin in 1859, stated that all plant and animal life evolved over long periods of time from simple to more complicated forms through mutation and adaptation. He also taught that only the fittest of each species would survive. He further postulated that the first living cell evolved in a "warm wa

Evolution of Humans Human Evolution Human evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning “wise man.” Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been a

Evolution of Whales Only 24 years after Charles Darwin rewrote the book of life with his theory of natural selection, a fellow Victorian scientist named William Flower trained this powerful new idea on one of the toughest problems in zoology: the whale. Natural historians had long before recognized that whales are mammals, but that was about as far as they had come in understanding the o

Evolution vs. Creationism DNA, (dioxi-ribonucleic acid) is very valuable and versatile due to the fact that all life on Earth uses it in the same way, (as far as we know), DNA can now be controlled and altered to produce many benefits to society. This process of so called “gene-manipulation” is scientifically called genetic engineering, which is the method of altering and manipulating o

Evolutioninsm vs Creationalism Evolutionism VS Creationism Questions on the origin of life and of the universe must have challenged human curiosity and imagination as soon as early man had time for activities other than survival. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species, and since then, people have debated between the creationism and evolutionism theories. The theory o

Extrasolar Planets Are there planets in solar systems besides our own' This is a question the scientists have been trying to answer for ages. While it would seem implausible to believe that other solar systems are unable to form planets, until recently, astronomer’s here on Earth had been unable to confirm that planets existed outside of our solar system. By 1995, as many as eight ext

Factors Of Mental Retardation Factors of Mental Retardation Mental retardation is below average intelligence and abilities which are present before the age of 18. This is determined by an IQ below 70 - 75, significantly limited in two or more skill areas such as school, work, social, and communicat

A Vogadro A Vogadro was born on June 9, 1776 in Turin, Italy. He began his career in 1796 by obtaining a doctorate in law and practicing as a lawyer for three years after. In 1800, he began to take private lessons in mathematics and physics and decided to make the natural sciences his profession. He was appointed as a demonstrator at the Academy of Turin in1806 and the Professor of Natur

Female Genital M utilation Female Genital Mutilation At a ceremony in Kenya, a little girl, Tenowan was brought out and made to lie down. Cold water mixed with fresh milk was poured on her naked body. The female exciser knelt and began to cut. The razor blade flashed Between the girl’s legs, paring away clitoris and labia. The girl bled a stream of blood onto the hide and dirt, but

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Purpose If women didn’t drink alcohol during pregnancy, there would never be another baby born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Data from the Center of Disease Control indicates that each year more than 40,000 American children are born with defects because their mothers drank alcohol excessively while she was pregnant. This number represents approximately

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Many pregnant women are not aware of the complications that are involved with pregnancy. The greater majority of young women see pregnancy as a way of bringing a life into the world but do not use precaution in their dietary habits to prevent the destruction or inhibition of such a life. Most pregnant women continue on their drinking and drug abuse binge right thro

Fetal Development Before human development can begin fertilization, the fusing of the sperm and the egg in the fallopian tube, must occur for it to become a zygote. The developing embryo, is called a zygote at this stage, floats down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. The first week of development is called the period of cleavage. Shortly after fertilization the zygote cleaves in

Fetal Tissue Two different sources have been successfully used to collect these cells so far, and both carry substantial moral baggage. One technique used discarded fetal tissue, and the other used embryos created in fertility clinics and donated by couples who no longer needed or wanted to use them. Each source obviously raises ethical questions. Fetal tissue comes from either

Fighting Cancer with Veggies Cancer has been, and continues to be, the devastating condition that has taken the lives of many people. For years, people have been looking for ways to defeat this common enemy. Scientists have developed many drugs such as tamoxifen that aid in the battle against cancer. Now a perfectly natural way to help prevent and fight against cancer, specifically br

Finaplix ***Updated January 31, 2001*** Finaplix-H (the H is for heifer) is a cattle implant that comes packaged in a cartridge containing 10 dosages of 10 pellets each (100 pellets total). Each pellet contains 20 mg of trenbolone acetate for a total of 2 grams of TA per cartridge. Component-TH is the same as Finaplix except it contains twice the amount of dosages. So instead of getting

Genetic Modification of Foodstuffs Genetic Modification of Foodstuffs Virtually every crop we eat have undergone hundreds of years of genetic modification by farmers and scientist in search of desirable traits. Selective breeding and hybrid strains have contributed immeasurably to farm productivity during this time. Over the past 30 years however, genetic engineering has been revoluti

Forensic Science Forensic Science, also known as Forensics, is the application of science to law. It uses highly developed technology to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields. Modern forensic science has a broad range of applications. The most common use of forensic science is to investigate criminal cases involving a victim, such as assault, robbery, kidnapping , rape, o

Forensics Even the greatest crime investigator in history relied on the only true witness—evidence—to solve a crime. Although fictitious, Sherlock Holmes’ techniques of intense observation and logical application of detail inspire the basis of solving any crime. Those skills, added to today’s growing technology allow police efforts to successfully conduct an investigation. Since evidence

G.H.B. G.H.B. Specific Purpose: My specific purpose is to get and keep the attention of the audience while informing them with helpful information. Thesis Statement: I would like to share some positive and negative effects on taking G.H.B., and I want you to be informed if you decide to take G.H.B. while receiving an “A” for my speech. I. What G.H.B. is: G.H.B. is t

Gaia Hypothesis Explain Lovelock’s “Gaia Hypothesis.” Be sure to include the concept of symbiosis or mutualism. What role do human beings play in this hypothesis' The Gaia Hypothesis is the theory that living organisms and inorganic material are part of a dynamic system that shape Earth's biosphere, in Lynn Margulis's words, a "super organismic system". The earth is a self-regulati