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建立人际资源圈加拿大paper代写范文：Mexico City’s Development
2017-04-24 来源: 51due教员组 类别: Paper范文
本篇加拿大paper代写范文讲了墨西哥城在墨西哥经济中占据主导地位，占全国国内生产总值的很大一部分，这意味着墨西哥城对国家的整体增长非常重要。然而，墨西哥城的经济优势开始在1970年以后，随着战后全球经济的蓬勃发展（Connolly，2003），墨西哥城的经济优势开始减弱。为了调查墨西哥城经济衰退的原因，并提出相应的措施来解决在这个问题。本篇加拿大代写由51due论文代写机构整理，供大家参考阅读。
Mexico City plays a dominant role with regard to the economy of Mexico, occupying a significant proportion of total GDP of the whole country, which means Mexico City is of great importance to the national integral growth. Nevertheless, Mexico City’s economic pre-eminence began to wane after 1970, together with the end of the post war global boom (Connolly, 2003).In order to investigate into the causes of economic downturn of Mexico City and put forward corresponding measures to solve the problems, this memo follows a strategic competitiveness analysis approach, in an attempt to provide constructive suggestions for Mexico City government, not only in the aspect of socioeconomic domain such as enhancing the construction of infrastructural facilities, narrowing the wealth gap between the rich and the poor, but also from the perspective of environmental economics to improve the natural and urban environment, aiming to enhance the city’s long-range and all-around development.
The memo falls into the following sections:background and assessment of Mexico City’s environment; mission, purposes, values as well as vision considerations of the Mexico City’s government; strategic issue identification; strategic direction; strategic goals and objectives; strategy implementation and alignment; leadership and collaboration; strategy measurement and metrics.
2. Assessment of the Environment
2.1 Physical Environmental Scan
Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is the center of the Federal District. Connolly (2003) demonstrates that Mexico City has most of the poverty and wealth related environmental problems and hazards faced by all metropolises, while many of these are worsen by the city’s unique geographical location. First, Mexico City is located in the valley of Mexico that shaped like a closed basin, which means it lacks natural drainage outlet, so the city is extremely vulnerable to flooding during rainy seasons. Second, the water supply from Mexico City's catchment area is not enough to meet the enormous demand of large population, and the overuse of groundwater has led to subsidence, causing damage to ground infrastructures and underground drainage systems. Third, in the process of pumping and conveyance of water, there also exist leakage and contamination problems, exposing residents to insufficient water supply and low water quality risks. Fourth,the city suffers from severe pollution because of solid wastes that dumped on the streets and in the ground water, posing threats to the living conditions and health of inhabitants. Fifth, the pace of transportation systems construction is not able to catch up the increasing demands of daily passengers, traffic congestion and accompanying air pollution has long troubled Mexico City’s citizens. According to statistics, the level of atmospheric pollution exceeds the acceptable standards of World Health Authority by six times.
2.2 Social-demographic Environmental Scan
According to Mexico National Population Council, the 2009 estimated population for the city proper (Mexico City or the Federal District) was approximately 8.84 million people, accounts for 42% of the metropolitan population (Baker & Bank,2012).Such a high density of population has brought about a series of urban sickness that are common for metropolis.Industrialization accelerates the urbanization and growing needs of labor force,employment opportunities and economic prosperity also attractruralmigrants into the city. However, the insufficiency of residential land and excessive exploitation presents new malaise to the Mexico City. The high price of land in the central city area is unaffordable for the poor; scarce of housing forces them to move into slums with low standards of public sanitation, inadequate living space, poor electricity and water supply. In contrast, the wealthy people dominate the central Federal District and most resources of the city, resulting in larger gap between the rich and the poor, as well as wider income inequalities.Furthermore, these intensified social contradictions and increased crime rates in Mexico City.
2.3Political-economic Environmental Scan
Due to the influence of globalization, Mexico City has undergone major economic transition since 1980s, which includes both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, Mexico City benefited from the foreign direct investment by multinational corporations and revenue boost from exports; as a result, the city alone concentrated most of capital, markets, economic, political and educational opportunities. On the other hand, Mexico City is more vulnerable to the external shocks such as global financial crisis. From 1982, Mexico’s economy fell into unprecedented fiscal crisis and suffered from rampant inflation, giving rise to soaring unemployment. As the center of the country’ economy, Mexico City was seriously hit by the crisis, particularly the depression of local commercial activities and loss of industrial jobs.
When it comes to political aspects, Mexico City had gone through political and administrative reforms in the late 1970s, strengthening the power of Federal District government while weakening that of other organizations such as trade unions and community representatives.
3.Mission, Purpose, and Values
From above environment assessment of Mexico City, it is not hard to see that there are a bunch of issues, ranging from environment, society to economy and politics, to be tackled by government, institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders. The good news is policymakers have taken efforts to improve the status quo, and after collective discussion and analysis by all sectors of civil society, the Mexico City Charter for the Right to the City came on the stage. The missions, purposes and values of the Charter are summarized as follows:
Mission: The Mexico City Charter for the Right to the City supports the construction and transformation of the city as a collective right and an expression of collective interest, and it recommends the systematic and comprehensive care by various public authorities, as well as the active involvement of its citizens. (Mexico City Government, 2010)
Purpose: The Charter is formulated on the basis of aspirations that build the city we want: democratic, sustainable, inclusive, educative, productive and habitable. It stresses the processes of democratization and full enforcement of human rights, as well as the fulfilment of the obligations that stem from them. (Mexico City Government, 2010)
Values:
As regards the planning of public policies, public servants should act in a way with respect, understand and apply theconcepts, principles, as well as strategic foundations of the Charter for the Right to the City.
As for the tenet of public policies,the actions and operations of government ought to be based on the principles of equity, democracy, and social justice.(Mexico City Government, 2010)
4.Strategy Measurement and Metrics
Despite the Mexico City government has taken the lead to track the progress of diversified strategies. As part of both the Green Plan and Environmental Agenda, below are somemetrics of the Mexico City Climate Action Program (MCCAP): First, reducing overall carbon dioxide emissions by 7 million metric tons or equivalent from its inception in 2008 until 2012. Second, designing a Climate Change Adaptation Program for the Federal District and fully implement the program by 2012. (Baker & Bank, 2012)
Mayor Marcelo Ebrard’s government in Mexico City has taken improving air quality as a crucial priority of his administration. As a result, during the first year of implementation of MCCAP, greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 2%.This was a symbolic measurement of government’s effort and achievement in environmental issues. However, there still remains a lot to do for further enhancement such as water conservation, land protection, air improvement and traffic mitigation.
Accordingly, Mexico City government should set up other specific metrics. For instance, investing 10,000 bicycles pick-up points in city center locations, to reduce traffic congestions by 50% in main streets. Introducing 20,000 environmental-friendly vehicles and shutting down major polluting factories, to relieve air pollution by 30%.Raising the water sanitation to the equal level of standards required by World Health Organization, ensuring the quality of drinkable water does not cause any harm to the health of residents. Building 500 more water pumping and supply infrastructures to meet the daily demand of citizens, minimizing water waste and encourage saving water by carrying out a reasonable water pricing system. Regarding to land protection, designate a certain percentage of area as conservation districts, and arrange specialized regulators to oversee the utilization of them. As for the poverty problems, remove half of the slums by the end of 2020 and replace them by standard houses subsidized by government. Politically, streamline government departments to the most efficient size and avoid red tapes, ensuring the relevant programs can be propelled within the planned time. With respect to economy, though it is highly unpredictable about the next global financial crisis, Mexico City should establish an early-warning mechanism and let the resistance to external risk of the city economy to measure its effectiveness, and the economic growth pace as the metrics for economic development.
Reference
And, N. H., & Puente, S. (1990). Environmental issues in the cities of the developing world: the case of Mexico City. Journal of International Development, 2(4), 500-532.
Baker, J. L., & Bank, W. (2012). Climate change, disaster risk, and the urban poor: cities building resilience for a changing world. General Information.
Bryson, J. M. (2006). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: a guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. UMI, Books on Demand.
Connolly, P. (2003).Urban Slums Reports: The case of Mexico City, Mexico.The Challenge of slums: global report on human settlements. London England Earthscan Publications, 29(1), 118-120.
Kotter, J. P. (2009).What leaders really do. Harvard Business Review, 68.
Mexico City Government. (2010). Notice of the results of selected projects within the Neighborhood Improvement Programme of 2010, GazetaOficial del Distrito Federal (Mexico City’s Official Gazette), no 855, June 7.
Mintzberg, H. (2001). Crafting Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65(3), 66-75.
National Population Council.(2009). Mexico City Metropolitan Area.Government of the State of Mexico.Retrieved December 27, 2009.
Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61-78.
Porter, M. E., &Mcarthur, J. W. (1988). Executive summary: competitiveness and stages of economic development. Journal of Symbolic Computation, 6(s 2–3), 323-343.
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